April 26.-Allied "Black List" of American firms withdrawn. April 27.-General Sir J. Willcocks appointed Governor of Bermuda. April 28.-General Pétain appointed French Chief of Staff. Diplomatic relations with Germany broken off by Guatemala. May 1.-Diplomatic relations with Germany broken off by China. May 2.-Opening of Reichstag. Admiral Njegovar appointed Austrian Naval May 3.-Crisis in Petrograd re separate peace. May 4.-Extensive strike of engineers in Lancashire. War aims agreed on by Russian Provisional Government and Workmen's Committee. May 5.-Note of Russian Government explaining Circular of May 1. Address by Mr. Balfour in American House of Representatives. May 6. Señor José Gutierrez Guerra elected President of Bolivia. May 7.-Third Report of Drink Control Board issued. May 8.-Mr. Balfour received in American Senate. Increased Nationalist majorities in both Houses as result of Australian elections. May 9.-Official statement on dilution in civil work issued. Diplomatic relations with Germany broken off by Liberia. May 10.-Conference of Trade Unions on Labour Unrest. May 11.-Labour manifesto on food position. May 13.-Resignation of M. Gutchkoff, Russian War Minister. May 14.-Bus strike in London. Reorganisation of Admiralty announced. May 15.-Conference at Whitehall of delegates of munitions strikers. General Foch appointed French Chief of Staff in succession to General Pétain. May 16.-Government proposals for Irish settlement issued. New Coalition Government in Petrograd ; M. Terechtchenko Foreign Minister and M. Kerensky Minister of War. May 17.-London bus strike settled. King's tour of northern munition works, etc., ended. Dispatch of Mr. Brand Whitlock on Belgian deportations issued. Opening of Congress of Peasants' Delegates at Petrograd. May 18. Separate peace repudiated by Russian Government. American Army Bill enacted. Relations with Germany broken off by Honduras. May 19.-Munitions strike settled. Relations with Germany broken off by Nicaragua. May 21.-Brazilian neutrality decree revoked. May 22.-M. Isvolsky nominated Russian Ambassador to London. May 23.-Release of arrested strike leaders. Resignation of Count Tisza, Hungarian Premier. Crisis in China; Prime Minister dismissed. May 24.-Empire Day; speeches in London by Sir Edward Carson, Mr. Walter Long, General Smuts, and others. War Conference debates published. May 25.-Arrival of Mr. Balfour in Canada. Debate in French Chamber on submarine warfare. April 29.-Señor Maura, at Madrid, on Spain and the War. April 30.-Dr. H. A. L. Fisher, at the Guildhall, on Science and Education. May 1.-General Smuts, at the Guildhall, on Freedom. May 3.-Lord Curzon, at Caxton Hall, on Submarine War, etc.; and Mr. Asquith, at Eighty Club, on Ireland, etc. May 5.-Mr. Balfour in Washington, on American Alliance. May 12. Sir William Robertson and Lord North cliffe, at Mansion House, on the Press in War. May 15.-General Smuts, at Westminster, on the Empire of the Future. Herr von Bethmann-Hollweg, in Reichstag, on the War. (German war aims not stated.) May 18-Sir Edward Carson, at Prince's Restaurant, on the American Navy's aid. May 22.-General Smuts, at the Savoy Hotel, on the Future of South Africa. M. Ribot, in the French Chamber, on France's War Aims. HOUSE OF LORDS, May 1.-War Pensions Bill passed. May 9.-Lord Haldane and others on National May 4.-Billeting of Civilians Bill in Committee. May 8.-Debate on Liquor Trade Restrictions. May 10 & 11.-Secret Sessions. May 14. Second reading of Consolidated Fund May 15.-Electoral Reform Bill introduced; May 16.-Debate on War Aims and third May 21.-Mr. Lloyd George's statement on May 22.-Debate on Electoral Reform Bill. April 30.-Arthur James, friend of King Ed- May 2. Judge Ernest W. Martelli, 51; Dr. May 4.-G. Paul Taylor, metropolitan magis- May 5.-Harold Fielding Hall, author, 58. May 9.-Lord Grimthorpe, 61; Professor Lan- May 10.-Dr. Henry B. Swete, Regius Professor, May 17.-Sir Charles J. Brooke, Rajah of Sara- May 18.-Sir Alexander Binnie, engineer, 78; May 23.-Lord Abinger, diplomat, 45; Queen MAGAZINES FOR NEUTRAL COUNTRIES. The War Office notifies that all papers posted to any neutral European country THE ENEMY'S VIEW. Our readers may be interested to see the views, often very distorted, of the Enemy Press. So we give a summary of some of the articles printed in the German reviews, and also a varied selection of cartoons from German and Austrian papers. A NEW TREATY OF BERLIN. WRITING in the May issue of Nord und Süd, Herr Felix Halle considers the question of the place which should be chosen for conducting the final peace negotiations—that is to say, the particular place which will be most favourable to Germany and her Allies. He thinks it would be unwise for Germany to consent to negotiations in the enemy territory of the vanquished party, because history shows that in cases where this has occurred the results turned out more favourable to the vanquished party than the circumstances promised for instance, the Peace Treaties of Paris, May 30th, 1814, and November 20th, 1815, which were remarkably favourable to beaten France. Nor does the writer regard the choice of neutral territory as the centre of negotiations in the interests of Germany. One disadvantage is the participation of the neutral State; the position as guests is also apt to hamper the freedom of the contending parties. England and France would find much sympathy in Holland, Denmark, and Switzerland, for the small nations fear the coming supremacy of Germany. The result of the war is to show that not England nor Russia but Germany is the strongest European Power, and the peace must express this fact. The very conditions which make Switzerland and Holland, from the neutral standpoint, appear the most suitable places are those which must make Germany decline to accept either country. The writer is especially opposed to the selection of The Hague, with its Peace Palace built with American money. The control of the telegraphs is another important point to be considered. Only the possession of the telegraphs, says the writer, will enable the Central Powers to come to an understanding on a possible basis with their opponents. Finally, we are told that negotiations on German territory alone will give Germany and her Allies the recompense they claim for their immense sacrifices of blood and treasure. The new peace will be still more favourable to Germany, as regards both power and territory, than the Treaty of Frankfort. It will be a great satisfaction to the German people for the peace negotiations to be conducted in Berlin, the present capital of the German Empire. The selection of Berlin offers many advantages. The proceedings are bound to last a long time and many complicated questions must arise; it is therefore desirable that the German representatives be in close touch with German specialists, etc., all the time. Moreover, it has to be demonstrated to the statesmen of the Entente how mistaken have been their views about Germany and the causes of the war. If they come to Berlin they can see for themselves what the Germans are-vigorous economic life, order, trust in the Government, technical progress, etc.; and comparisons with the conditions in the capitals of their own countries would naturally force themselves on the minds of the Entente representatives. Such impressions could not fail to exercise an influence on the peace delegates and to further the progress of the negotiations-in the German sense. On financial grounds also Berlin is described as specially suitable. Besides diplomatists and Press representatives, there would be among the visitors bankers, business men, and all the other interesting personalities who would flock thither and make the place of the conference a centre of reviving trade. The large hotels would be full for months. But above all the material success stands the ideal significance of a new Berlin Congress. Nowhere else can German statesmen get their views accepted in such measure as on German soil and in their own capital. AMERICA AND RUSSIA. IN the May number of the Preussische) Jahrbücher Dr. Emil Daniels comments on the entry of America into the war. Simultaneously with the relief of the pressure on the Central Powers which resulted from the Russian Revolution, the United States, he says, joined the circle of Germany's declared enemies. Not that America had not all along been fighting against Germany, especially by supplying Germany's enemies with war materials, but now there is not the least doubt that America, by still further help, will throw an immense weight into the scales to the disadvantage of Germany. Some people in Germany consider America's entry into the war as little more than a formality; others even think it could not be the wish of the Entente Powers that America should come in, as the supply of American resources will tend to become more split up. But of course these people are all wrong, as the jubilation of the Western Power. and Italy shows. Dr. Daniels discusses the financial help which America proposes to give, but does not think it so certain that America can supply the ships needed by the Entente in sufficient numbers. In any case the supply of ships will not be so easy as the supply of other materials of war. Nevertheless he considers America as an enemy not without danger to the German cause. America, he says, is really a Great Power, and the moment she chose to enter the conflict on the side of the Entente was for Germany the most undesirable possible, for it was Germany's intention to enjoy the fruits of the Russian Revolution to the uttermost. The Americans have in some measure spoilt that pleasure. Still, it would have been infinitely worse for Germany had America made up her mind earlier. To have had to withstand the power of America, France, and England while Russia's power was unbroken might have been too much for the German army. Since that danger is past, Germans will appreciate the skill of German diplomacy which succeeded in preventing the coalition of the three Great Western Powers till it could not do much harm, or at any rate till it was too late for it to give an unfavourable turn to the war for Germany. Dr. Hans Delbrück, in the same number, comments on the Russian Revolution. One thing is certain. Russian Democracy, as THE FATE OF A HERR FRITZ BEHN contributes to the April number of the Süddeutsche Monatshefte an article on the fate of Dr. Carl Peters, the German colonial pioneer and founder of German East Africa in 1884-5. In 1891 Dr. Peters was nominated Imperial High Commissioner in Kilimandjaro, and in 1897 he was dismissed from the Government service for certain acts of severity towards natives and he took refuge in England. Dr. Peters's original project was to acquire Mashonaland, but that was rejected by his Government as too " previous. In 1884 he undertook his expedition to East Africa and concluded arrangements with the chiefs of various territories. The German East African Company was formed and eventually a Protectorate over the colony was established and a Governor appointed. The colony, which is the largest and the most valuable of the German colonies, is about twice the size of Germany, and in 1913 the population numbered 7 million natives and over 5,000 white people. But had Dr. Peters's plans been carried out in their entirety Germany would have obtained about one-half of Africa. His idea was to acquire Matabeleland, Mashonaland, and Rhodesia, but it came to nought owing to the opposition of Bismarck. Germans, the writer says, should now recall with shame their treatment as a criminal of the man who could have won half a continent for them. Even were Dr. Peters guilty of the charges brought against him, what do his actions signify when his great services are taken into account? But officials could not understand his ability because he did not happen to be military or a jurist. He was represented by the Council of Workmen and Soldiers' Deputies, desires peace, he writes. Why should they continue the war when their ideal is not Russian or Pan-Slav domination, but a federation of free nations? But the war party, supported by the Duma, remains very strong, much stronger as a party than the democratic peace party. The latter party, however, if it represents republican freedom in Russia, can have no use for the war, and victory would only do it harm. The Republican Government can hardly do otherwise than desire peace. The menace of Germany to Russian freedom is a phantom. If there is any prospect for a Russian republic, it can only be possible by bringing peace to the people. GERMAN PIONEER. persecuted by the German Press for ten years. Germany has always been too late and has always allowed the best territory to be appropriated by others. When in 1910 a steamer from Mozambique put into port at Dar-es-Salaam with Dr. Peters on board it chanced to be the twentyfifth anniversary of the acquisition of the colony, yet the Government, which shortly afterwards honoured with salute, parade, and banquet a little German prince who was making a pleasure trip, entirely ignored the presence of the founder of the colony. Dr. Peters remained on board and returned to England. Last September, when he attained his sixtieth year, the Press remained silent. For twenty years now Dr. Peters has waited in vain for public and official rehabilitation, but there are some among his countrymen who remember with pride what he achieved and who lament that for lack of proper appreciation he did not do what he might have done. In the same number Dr. Carl Peters has an article on the origin of the British Empire. He describes the British Empire as the second improved edition of the Imperium Romanum, the only difference being that in the former the self-administration of the separate parts is carried out down to every detail and that it is in this that the reason for its unity is to be found. In this Empire every separate territory, every single personality, is glad to belong to it and is ready to work for it with all the forces available. That is how Germany to-day comes to have the whole British Empire and almost the whole world against her. |