boots, and was evidently born to command. His complexion was somewhat swarthy, and his hair long and black. He wore it cut square on the forehead and allowed it to flow behind nearly to the shoulders. He had a Roman nose, and the courage of a Roman. Yet he was as amiable in spirit and temper as he was brave. He dressed to suit himself and as occasion required. In times of danger he always found in his rifle a reliable friend. He not only enjoyed life in the wilderness, but soon became master of the situation. He loved adventures and encountered dangers

On one occasion, as tradition says, he returned from a hunting excursion and found that the Indians had broken into his warehouse, knocked in the head of a barrel of whiskey and imbibed so freely as to become drunk and dangerously belligerent. He marched in among them, drove them out, kicked and cuffed them about in every direction, and rolled several of them, who were too drunk to keep their legs, into the marshy brink of the river. The Indians did not relish this kind of treatment, and meditating revenge, held a council the next day and decided to exterminate Carter. They selected two of their best marksmen and directed them

to follow his footprints the next time he entered the woodlands to hunt, and shoot him at the first favorable opportunity. This the delegated assassins attempted to do, and, thinking to make sure work of it, both fired at him at the same time, but failed to hit him. In an instant Carter turned on his heel and shot one of them, who fell dead in his tracks, the other uttered a terrific war whoop and fled out of sight. This dire result overawed the Indians. From that time no further attempts were made to take Carter's life. His rifle was the law of the land. The Indians became subservient to his will, and were confirmed in the belief that he was the favorite of the Great Spirit and could not be killed. It was in this way that Carter obtained an unbounded influence over the Indians. He always treated them, when they behaved as they should, with kindness and generosity, and when they quarreled among themselves, as they often did, he intervened and settled their difficulties.

Not long after Carter had located at the mouth of the Cuyahoga, David Bryant established a distillery near his cabin, at the foot of the hill. This distillery soon became the favorite resort of both white men and Indians. In a drunken frolic which occurred on the hillside one sunny afternoon among the Indians, the Chief, Big Son, charged Menompsy, the medicineman, with having killed his squaw by administering witchcraft medicine, and threatened to kill him. Menompsy, knowing that he as medicineman, priest and prophet, was regarded as invulnerable, replied, "me no fraid," and when he at nightfall was passing down Union lane on his return to the west side of the river where his tribe were encamped, he was met by Big Son, who with profession of friendship saluted him, and then drew a knife and killed him on the spot. The friends of Menompsy on hearing of the murder, came over from the west side with the inten-' tion of killing Big Son, who had hid himself and could not be found. The "war whoop" was sounded, and a demand made for the surrender of the murderer. The Indians occupying the east and west sides of the river were hereditary enemies, and the danger became imminent that, unless Big Son was surrendered, a bloody fight would ensue between them. At this juncture Carter appeared and negotiated a compromise by which the friends of Big Son agreed to give the friends of Menompsy a gallon of whiskey. But, as it happened, no whiskey could be obtained, and the "war whoop" was renewed. Carter than effected a second negotiation by agreeing upon two gallons of whiskey to be forthcoming on the next day. Bryant put his distillery into operation at once, and the two gallons of

whiskey were furnished as agreed. The friends of Menompsy then returned to their camp on the west side of the river and indulged in a drunken jollification that entirely allayed their thirst for revenge.

At the August term of the Territorial Court held at Warren in 1801, Carter was granted a license to keep a tavern at Cleveland on paying into the county treasury the sum of four dollars. The entire Reserve was then included within the limits of Trumbull County, and the county seat established at Warren. The State Constitution was adopted in 1802. At the first State court held at Warren, after the adoption of the Constitution, Lorenzo Carter, of Cleveland, as it appears of record, was indicted for assault and battery. He was greatly astonished when the officer arrested him and said he must take him to Warren for trial. The friends of Carter were still more astonished than he was, and resolved that he should not be taken to Warren, and proposed to resist the sheriff, asserting that Carter was and always had been an upright and peaceable citizen. The sheriff was obliged to summon aid, and finally succeeded in producing him bodily in court. It was known at Warren that Carter enjoyed the reputation of being a brave, bold and daring frontiersman, and it was supposed by the citizens of Warren that he must therefore be a dangerous fellow. But when arraigned before the court his quiet and manly appearance created a favorable impression. The charge made against him proved to be as frivolous as it was revengeful in spirit. It grew out of a dispute between him and one of his Cleveland neighbors who owned a favorite dog. Carter had discovered that the dog was in the habit of stealing into his milk-house, at the spring, and lapping up the cream from the pans, He finally caught the dog in the act, and chastised the brute. The owner declared his dog innocent. Carter declared the dog guilty. The owner then pronounced Carter a liar. Carter instantly returned the compliment by slapping his accuser in the face. Carter frankly plead "guilty" to the indictment. The court readily comprehended the character of the quarrel, and ordered him to pay a fine of six cents and costs. This he did forthwith. He was received on his return home by his many friends with such open demonstrations of joy and triumph as to convince his accuser that the sooner he removed from Cleveland the better it would be for his personal safety.

The name of Lorenzo Carter had now become well known throughout the Reserve. He was highly respected as a worthy citizen, and was, in fact, the famous pioneer of the Cuyahoga valley. He not only had the

confidence of white men, but acquired an unbounded influence over the Indians. When Carter first came to Cleveland in 1797, there were but seven persons residing in the town. Its population increased but slowly during the next ten or twelve years. It was Carter's enterprise that built the first frame house in Cleveland. He also built the first warehouse. During the early part of his career at Cleveland, his spacious log cabin on the hillside was regarded as headquarters. It served as a hotel for strangers, and as a variety shop of hunting supplies. It was also a place of popular resort, where the denizens of the town and surrounding country held their social festivities.

The first social dance or ball that occurred at Cleveland took place at Carter's renowned log cabin, July 4, 1801. The party consisted of fifteen or sixteen couples. They came from town and country, some on foot and some on horseback, and were dressed in all sorts of style. They occupied the front room, or parlor of the cabin. It had a puncheon floor, and its walls were decorated with deer-horns, powder-horns, rifles and shotguns. The dance began at an early hour. Mr. Jones was the violinist, who, after attuning his instrument, struck up "Hie, Bettie Martin," the favorite air of that day. The mazy dance was executed with marvelous agility, and with a still more marvelous variety of steps. The refreshments were substantial in their character, consisting mainly of baked pork and beans, plum cake and whiskey, and were partaken of with a keen relish and in liberal quantities. The dance was continued until daylight the next morning, when the party dispersed, and returned in a merry mood to their rustic homes. It was doubtless the fruitful result of this public ball which brought with it, on the next Fourth of July, the first wedding that occurred in Cleveland. The nuptials were celebrated at Carter's cabin, in the same decorated parlor in which the first dance had transpired. The happy twain whose "hearts beat as one," and who wished to become one, were William Clement of Canada, and Cloe Inches, the hired girl in Carter's family, whom he had brought with him from Canada to Cleveland. The preparations were by no means elaborate or expensive. The bride was dressed in colored cotton, and the bridegroom in domestic sheep's gray. No cards were issued, nor were any costly gifts presented. When the guests had assembled, and the hour arrived, the affianced couple simply arose and "took the pledge "in the exacting language of the Puritanic formula of New England. Rev. Seth Hart officiated. He was from Connecticut, and was in the employ of the land company, and the only

clergyman who could be found to officiate on that occasion. Whether he was the first one in accordance with modern practice, who saluted the bride with a "holy kiss" at the close of the ceremony, does not appear in the traditionary lore of the times.

At a special election held in August, 1804, at the house of James Kingsbury, Carter was elected to the office of major in the State Militia, and from that date was always spoken of as "Major Carter." This advancement to one of the enviable honors of his time not only increased his popularity, but enlarged his business facilities. In 1808, he built the first vessel constructed at Cleveland, named the "Zephyr", thirty tons burden. and designed for the lake trade.

The county of Cuyahoga was organized in 1809, and Cleveland made. the county seat. The population of the town at that time was but fortyseven. Nearly three years elapsed before the county erected a court house and jail. In the meantime a small room in a private dwelling, located on the north side of Superior street, was used as a court room and the garret of Major Carter's log cabin as a jail. The Indian, John O'Mick, who murdered two white men in the year 1812, was incarcerated in this garret, where he remained chained to a rafter for several months previous to his trial. The Major assumed the responsibilities of jailer and deputysheriff. The Indian was tried for his crime at the April term of the court, found "guilty," and sentenced to be hanged on the 26th of June following. When the day arrived on which the execution was to take place, a one horse lumber wagon, containing a coffin made of rough boards, appeared at the door of the Major's cabin, ready to receive the convict and transport him to the gallows on the Public Square, where he was to be executed. O'Mick had frequently, after his conviction, said to the Major that he would show the white men how bravely an Indian could die, and that the executioner need not tie his hands, but simply adjust the rope, and he would leap from the scaffold and hang himself. He decorated himself with paint and war plumes, and when led from the garret, sprang nimbly into the wagon and sat down on his coffin with an air of stolid indifference. He was then taken under military escort marching to the music of fife and muffled drum to the Public Square, where a large crowd of citizens had gathered to witness the execution. Soon as the convict arrived he was taken by Sheriff Baldwin and with the aid of Carter forced to ascend the ladder to the scaffold where the rope was adjusted about his neck, and an appropriate prayer offered by Rev. Mr. Darrow. At the