land, with John Winthrop, Jr., son of Governor Winthrop, built a fort at the mouth of the Connecticut River, and called the place Saybrook, in honor of two of the persons, Lord Say and Sele, and Lord Brook, who held the patent for land covering the whole territory of what is now the State of Connecticut. John Higginson, son of the first Salem pastor, was the minister of the garrison. This settlement became incorporated with Connecticut in 1644.

The New Haven colony, under the lead of John Davenport, with Samuel Eaton, arrived at Quinnipiack, and kept their first Sabbath there April 18, 1638. They set apart a day for fasting and prayer and adopted a Plantation Covenant, agreeing to be "ordered by the rules which the Scriptures held forth to them." June 4, the planters came together in a barn, and Mr. Davenport preached from Proverbs XI. I, "Wisdom hath builded her house, she hath hewn out her seven pillars." He argued that the church should be founded with seven principal men, to which others should be added. Twelve men were appointed to choose from their number the seven pillars. In August the choice was made and the church organized. October 25 the seven pillars, who were called The Court, formed the Body of Freemen, to which all the members of the church were admitted. A governor and other officers of the new colony were duly chosen, and thus a church-commonwealth was begun. A church was also formed at New Haven on the same general plan, which in the following February settled at Milford. Its members were mostly persons from Wethersfield. Peter Prudden was ordained pastor. In 1640 land was purchased at Guilford,

where a church was organized by seven pillars in 1643. Henry Whitfield was there received as pastor without being ordained, since he had brought with him from England a considerable part of the church. His house is still standing and is one of the oldest in the United States. John Higginson, from Saybrook, was chosen teacher. A church was organized at Stratford in 1640, and in Fairfield in 1650, though at the latter place John Jones, an Oxford scholar, had been preaching since 1639. In 1665, when the colonies of New Haven and Connecticut were united under a new charter from Charles II., they included fifteen churches, all Congregational, with about twenty ministers. The population at that time was somewhat over eight thousand, making about one minister to every one hundred families.

New Hampshire was first settled under the leadership of two members of the Plymouth Council, Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Captain John Mason. These two men, having associated with them several English merchants, sent out two colonies in 1623, one of which located at Little Harbor, now Rye, at the mouth of the Pascataqua River. The other party went eight miles further up the river and began to build at Dover. But though much money was spent and many skilled workmen from England from time to time joined these colonies, the elements of power which were fitted to conquer the difficulties of the new country were not among them, and for a number of years the efforts. made resulted in successive failures.

It was not till 1633 that any minister appeared among them. In that year a number of families from the west of England, of "good estates and of some

account for religion," arrived at Dover under the auspices of Lord Say and Sele and Lord Brook, bringing with them William Leverich, a Cambridge graduate and an able Puritan minister. But the support given him was so meager that in about two years he left the place, and was succeeded by a shrewd but unprin

cipled adventurer,

George Burdett.

He did what he

could to prejudice

people in England

against the Massa

chusetts colonists,

especially in cor

respondence with

Archbishop Laud, and finally succeeded in becoming governor of the plantation. But being detected in immoralities he was compelled to leave

Dover, and finally, having entered the royalist army, he was captured, and ended his career in an English prison.

After Burdett left Dover, Hanserd Knollys, formerly a very learned school-teacher in Gainesborough, England, came and organized the first church in that town in December, 1638. He had a short and stormy pastorate. But in 1641 he went to London, where he organized a Baptist Church, and lived to the great age of ninety-three years. Neale says he was "universally

esteemed and beloved by all his brethren" in England. Thomas Larkam drove Knollys out of the pastorate at Dover and succeeded him. He was of brilliant parts, but he proved a sad though short-lived misfit. The dispute was practically between Knollys the Puritan, and Larkam, the defender of the practices of the Church of England. In 1643 Daniel Maud, a graduate of Emanuel College, Cambridge, followed Larkam, having left the leadership of the Boston Latin School for that purpose, and had a successful pastorate of thirteen years. He was followed in 1655 by John Reyner, who came from eighteen years' service at Plymouth. Not far from 1639 appears a church at Hampton, on lands taken possession of by Massachusetts in 1636. Stephen Bachelor was pastor, and after about a year was joined by Timothy Dalton as teacher. This is the only instance in New Hampshire where a pastor and teacher were at the same time laboring in one parish. The arrangement worked badly, the church and town being divided into two factions, one led by the pastor and the other by the teacher. Mr. Dalton's party were in the majority, and Mr. Bachelor left the town about 1641, though the contentions continued for a long time afterward. Mr. Dalton remained with the church till his death in 1661.

John Wheelwright, Mrs. Hutchinson's brotherin-law, when he was banished from Massachusetts, settled at Exeter in 1638 with a number of sympa thizers, and the following year organized there a church of nine members. But three years later this plantation, with Dover and Portsmouth, was incorporated with the Massachusetts colony; and as Mr.

Wheelwright, being still under sentence of banishment, was compelled to leave the jurisdiction, the church was at once broken up. In 1644 the people tried to organize a church, but the General Court forbade them to do it. Later they had Samuel Dudley as their minister for thirty-three years, but no church was formed there till 1698.

At Portsmouth no provision was made for public worship till 1640, and no church was organized till 1671, though a minister was resident there a considerable part of the intervening time; and Joshua Moody, the first pastor of the church, was the minister of Portsmouth by vote of the town from 1658. He continued pastor till 1684, when he was imprisoned and finally banished from the province by the arbitrary authority of Lieutenant Governor Cranfield. He was invited in that year to the presidency of Harvard College, but did not accept. He returned to Portsmouth after Cranfield retired from office, and died there in 1697. A church was formed at Nashua in 1675, but that town was then supposed to be in Massachusetts. No other churches were organized in New Hampshire before the end of the seventeenth century.

The first attempt at a settlement in Maine was made in 1607 by a company of one hundred and twenty persons, led by Captain George Popham, a brother of Lord Chief Justice Popham of England, and Ralegh Gilbert, a nephew of Sir Walter Ralegh. They landed at St. George's Island, where the first sermon ever preached in New England was delivered August 9, 1607. They formed a settlement at the mouth of the Kennebec River, but the colonists were not suited