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man he will expire immediately, if you injure the heart of a tree it will die, but the life of a tree is in the bark, and many times a tree will live for years and years without any heart at all, and so I anticipate that the hole which we made through the tree, and through which we put an iron bar, will not injure the tree; not nearly so much as taking off the bark where it might rest on the wagon. This tree weighed, with root and dirt, something like forty tons, so we never could have moved it on a wagon.

MR. APPLETON: Will you tell us the variety of these trees. MR. SIMONDS: All these large trees that have been moved in this way are elms. They have roots spreading out near the surface of the ground.

MR. APPLETON: Did you ever try oak?

MR. SIMONDS: The oak tree cannot be moved in that way if it is a great size. We have moved oak trees perhaps five or six inches in diameter, but we never attempt to move an oak tree of any larger size.

MR. APPLETON: Hickory trees?

MR. SIMONDS: No, you cannot move hickory trees; but you can move maples, lindens, elms, iron-woods.

MR. APPLETON: Usually move those large trees, don't you, in the winter, with the leaves off and frozen boughs?

MR. SIMONDS: All trees should be moved when the leaves are off, but it isn't necessary to have a frozen bough. If I can have the roots well taken care of, and the dirt remain, I would rather move it in warmer weather.

MR. APPLETON: I have had some experience, and in porous soil, you lose the soil too much.

MR. SIMONDS: Yes, in such case, it is better in the winter. But I remember one tree moved in the winter, and during the moving of the tree we had some very cold weather, and the roots were killed all around, about two or three inches. So if you can move trees when there is no frost in the ground, I think it is preferable.

COL. MUENSCHER: Were you trying to get the entire root? MR. SIMONDS: We get all the roots we can, and then when the tree is planted, the ends of the roots should be cut off.

COL. MUENSCHER: In moving these trees of such large diameters, you put rollers under it?

MR. SIMONDS: Yes, just like a house.

MR. STEELE: I have noticed in this gentleman's remarks that he didn't pay any attention to a geometrical figure on the ground. How is it he would describe his lots? How are they bounded, and what method is used to plat or define them?

ANSWER: I omitted to say anything about the subdivision of a section into lots. The way we have done in making plats and surveys, is to first stake out the drive, and then survey it, and then we stake out lots with the sides at right angles to the line of the roadway, putting large lots near the drives and smaller lots in center sections. In some cemeteries all are the same size, but the wishes of purchasers vary, and you can get better effect in this way, so you keep breadth along either side of your drives. Now these lots are surveyed and platted with the same accuracy that rectangular lots would be.

MR. STEELE: That is the point I wanted to get at How can you, your curves are not regular at all?

MR. SIMONDS: Many of the lots are rectangular, but suppose we had a lot fronting on a curved street, the sides might be straight, but the front curved, and that would be defined by a straight line joining the two corners next to the driveway.

MR. STEELE: You then would describe a curve of a short arc, and find the ordinate?

MR. APPLETON: In regard to the alleys. Of course you put alleys between lots. How broad do you use?

MR. SIMONDS: We have no alleys. We have what we call walks, but you would not detect them. The lawn is continuous and these walks are simply spaces, covered with grass, same as the lots, and they are not followed by people in going over the cemetery. If a man wants to go from one point to another, we have no difficulty in having paths for them over the lawns. These walks serve a purpose. If we wish to carry material, we can follow these walks, and so not trespass on people's lots, but visitors are not expected to follow them, and usually do not.

I mentioned that sections should be elliptical. The walks should generally be transverse. Of course you have some

walks in the other direction, but you should always be able to come out at one side of your ellipse and reach the driveway.

MR. STEELE: And as to the width of these walks?

MR. SIMONDS: We usually make the width three or four feet. When the cemetery of which I am superintendent was first laid out, the walks we made ten feet wide, but it was a great waste of land.

MR. APPLETON: We found that with less than eight feet the wheels of the wagons loaded with marble cut into the lawns, and that is very objectionable.

MR. SIMONDS: Stone men are never allowed to drive in a new section. They simply follow the drives, and then wheel in the marble.

MR. APPLETON: Then you have small sections?

MR. SIMONDS: We have some six or eight hundred feet long; but we don't want to destroy the beauty of the cemetery for the convenience of the stone cutter.

MR. APPLETON: A very expensive twenty ton monument, for instance, requires some mechanical means for getting it there?

MR. SIMONDS: Yes, but that cannot be done with horses and wagons. MR.

There was one matter connected with Mr. Steele's question: Do you furnish each person a plat with his deed, or is there a plat on the back of his deed, or in what manner do you indicate to the individual the written evidence of the location of his lot?

MR. SIMONDS: We give any one a plat that asks for one. We usually give the purchaser of the lot a plat of the whole cemetery, and the lots are numbered and the description calls for lot such a number in such a section.

MR. : That is customary, and in some cemeteries they use a form, upon the back of which is printed a plat of the cemetery.

THE PRESIDENT: Any more questions you would like to ask Mr. Simonds? If not, the next thing for our

Motion made and supported to tender the thanks of the Association to Mr. Simonds. A unanimous vote.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON QUESTIONS OF PRACTICE AND DISCUSSIONS.

Your committee would respectfully report the following questions submitted to them, and the answers adopted:

No. 1. Should the surveyor endeavor to locate an error in an old plat, which error must otherwise be treated as surplus or shortage?

ANSWER. Yes. In case the plat was made from an actual survey, in which the lots were marked out upon the ground,an evident error in the plat would be controlled by the survey, and the subsequent surveyor should endeavor to locate the lines just where they were originally laid down. In case the plat was made without a survey, the surveyor should endeavor to lay down the lines so as to comply with the prevailing intention as shown by the plat itself. A line laid down as a straight line in a plat might prevail over an erroneous distance which would make the line a crooked one.

No. 2. Should a ditch for drainage purposes ever be laid in curves instead of straight lines with angles?

ANSWER. Yes. The tangents should always be connected by curves and no sharp angles permitted in the line of the ditch. As a rule, the radius of the curve should be short, because of the inconvenience of working land on a curve.

No. 3. Having the bearing trees to a section corner, one or both standing near the line and at a considerable distance from the corner, how shall I locate the corner?

ANSWER. Circumstances will alter cases. No rigid rule can be given. In a general way, find the meridian, and measure (or length of chain) of the original survey as nearly as can be done under the circumstances; locate the point accordingly, and then dig for the corner stake, availing yourself of every bit of evidence that will throw any light on the location. H. F. Bean suggests that the location of the line may be determined very closely by calculating the latitudes and departures of the bearing trees from the corner, and running

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and measuring off the appropriate distances from the bearing trees. For instance, suppose the corner is located in a marsh and the bearing trees on its margin both standing are described as N. 1° E. 11.90 chains, and S. 14° W. 12.60 chains.

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A measure of 10 links west from one bearing tree, and 27 links east from the other will approximate very closely to the original line, and a pro rata measurement between the points. thus located will come very near the corner.

No. 4. See cut No. 4. In running the E. and W. line straight, the N. of the section will contain about fourteen acres more than the S.. Subdividing the N. E. into halves in the usual way, the west part will contain 2.27 acres more than the east. What is the proper method of subdividing this section to do justice to parties claiming equal portions?

ANSWER. If the conveyances are made in accordance with the system of the United Stated surveys, the lines must be located accordingly. The quarter lines will be straight lines from each quarter post to its opposite corresponding corner, whether the section lines are straight or not. If parties claim equal areas they should show by their chain of title that they have a right to it, in which case the lines should run accordingly.

No. 5. See cut No. 5. In surveying the N. W. of a section I found the dimensions as in the figure. One deed calls for the W. and the other for the E. of the N. W. 1. The quarter section purports from the official plat and U. S. field notes to be 160 acres. How should I draw the line between them?

ANSWER. The answer to No. 4 applies also to this. If the conveyances are in accordance with the United States system of surveys the line will be drawn midway between the quarter line and the section line. It may be necessary to trace the title back to determine this question. If not conveyed on the U. S. system then equal areas should be given.

No. 6. See cut. Assuming the quarter post of section 32 to be properly placed, would it not be in accordance with the act of Feb. 11, 1805, to take the half sum or half difference of the distances apart of the section corners for that of the quarter posts? The corners of section 5 are regulated by those of

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