and with success, against several fraudulent agents. These have resulted in the closing of the agencies, and the conviction and punishment of the guilty parties."

The Townley estate, which is situated in the counties of Lancashire and Yorkshire, England, has been for many years in the possession of its rightful owners, and there are no unknown heirs in America or anywhere else to any portion of it, yet American "claimants" of this estate were advertised for and encouraged by a person calling himself Col. James F. Jacquess, with a confederate named Howell Thomas. These two swindlers were finally stopped in their career by the London police. Thomas was convicted of swindling Jacquess, and sentenced to five years' penal servitude. Jacquess was tried later for conspiring with Thomas to obtain money under false pretenses, was convicted, and sentenced at the Old Bailey, November 29, 1894, to twenty months' imprisonment at hard labor. Colonel Jacquess, at the preliminary hearing in the police court in July, 1894, confessed that he had received from his dupes in America about £10,000 between 1876 and 1885, and that between 1885 and 1894 he had received at least £22,000. We quote again:

"Holland is another country where it is supposed by many Americans that vast estates, from the value of $12,000,000 down, have been lying unclaimed for the last two hundred years, and that nothing is necessary but to demand them at some probate office. For the last seventeen years the American legation at The Hague has notified claimants, either directly or through the Department of State, that there are no probate courts in Holland, and that wills are generally deposited in the care of the notary who draws them up. He makes a duplicate copy, and enters the title and subject-matter under a number in his register, which is examined and verified by the registrar once a month. It is evident, where names, dates, and localities are lacking, as is generally the case in the communications of claimants, that, after the lapse of one or two generations, estates can be found only, if at all, by extensive advertising. In 1852 the Dutch Parliament established a state commission for the settlement of claims on the estates of deceased persons, as well as those against the Government. This commission gave notice that all claims to property then in their hands must be sent in within five years and six months, after which time such estates would escheat to the state.

"Our embassy in Paris does not give the names of any claimants of estates, but says that the number of inquiries is large, and that in no case has the existence of the supposed estate or of the unclaimed fortune been verified. The legislation of France is such as to dispose effectually, and without appeal, of all claims, even if inherently just and founded on an actual and known heritage, which were not presented and proven within the period prescribed by the French statute of limitations. Under French law, the liquidation of estates is ordinarily in the hands of a notary, and in searching for an estate the usual method is to address a circular letter to every notary in the city and department where the estate is likely to be, giving the name and date of death of the original owner. When there is no landed estate, the heirsat-law can divide the property among themselves without legal proceedings. If nobody claims an estate, the state takes it in trust, and the Department of Justice inserts notices of the fact in the official journal. The period of proscription as regards unclaimed estates is thirty years from the date of decease, after which all claims are barred, unless some irregularity in the liquidation can be proven.

"In Germany there is likewise a statute of limitations, and there too not a case is known to our embassy where the existence of an unclaimed estate has been verified. As a rule, the data furnished by claimants are insufficient to substantiate any claim, or to identify the locality of a single estate, even when the statute of limitations does not apply to great periods of time elapsing since the testator's death."

"A BABY alarm, or means for signaling the crying of an infant which has been left asleep in a distant room, is one of the recent boons offered by science," according to The Observer, Portland, Conn. "A sensitive microphone, connected to a battery and 'to the primary of an induction-coil, is placed near the child's cot. The secondary of the coil is connected by two wires to a small electromagnet at the place where the alarm is to be given, and on the crying of the child the microphone sets up an undulatory current in this circuit, causing the electromagnet to deflect a delicate steel balance and close an electric:bell circuit."

HOW GARIBALDI CAPTURED LONDON.

THE "oldest inhabitants" of London say that the three events

of the present century which attracted the greatest crowds into the streets of the metropolis were the funeral obsequies of the Duke of Wellington, the arrival of the Princess Alexandra when she became the wife of the Prince of Wales, and the visit of General Garibaldi, in 1864. Descriptive of the latter event, we quote from an article by Mr. Howard Paul in Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly:

"The spontaneous enthusiasm of hundreds of thousands of people made it without doubt the most extraordinary demonstration ever accorded to a foreigner in the English capital. No crowned

(By courtesy of Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly.)

evoked such a tremendous ovation. Pall Mall, Piccadilly, and the head, popular statesman, or laurel-decked leader of armies ever streets through which the general passed on his way to Stafford House in an open carriage, were impassable. The vast crowds seethed and billowed about the ponderous vehicle until they shouted themselves hoarse. No such tumult of human voices, no such roars were ever, before or since, heard in London streets, for it must be remembered that, in addition to the usual throngs of sightseers who assemble promptly on every pretext to assist at free open-air shows, the noble army of costermongers and the thousands of 'roughs' of the Whitechapel end of London gave themselves a joyous holiday, and this demonstrative class is possessed of an unusual amount of vociferous lung power. They were in mighty force on this occasion. Garibaldi's carriage seemed to rock and roll like a mere boat in a stormy sea of human beings, and for several moments, on the arrival at Stafford House, the shrieking multitude would not permit their hero to alight. A rush was made by the struggling throng as, at length, half carried into the building, Garibaldi, in his gray overcoat lined with red, passed through, and then another mighty shout went up and another rush was made to follow the general.

"Lord Ronald Gower (who, with his brother the Duke of Sutherland and others, was standing in the doorway to receive the distinguished guest) told me that an alarming scene of disorder ensued, and the police and the duke's stalwart servants had a sharp struggle with the great outer wave of humanity that endeavored to force itself vi et armis into the edifice. Luckily the doors of Stafford House were as strong as the portals of a citadel,

and the discipline of the police decisive and admirable. At length, after several attempts to alight, Garibaldi fought his way into the house, and was soon ensconced in a cozy chamber on the ground floor, which had been prepared for his reception. Just before the arrival of the carriage at Stafford House, such was the pressure of the multitude that the 'dickey' in the rear of the vehicle suddenly broke down, and the two flunkeys that occupied it were precipitated head over heels among the crowd, that gave a renewed roar at this exciting incident. These poor bedizened, powdered footmen were some hours fighting their way home after the mishap, and their smart livery was almost torn off their backs. A London crowd delights to 'chaff' a flunkey come to grief, and the unexpected scene afforded them a brilliant opportunity of airing their badinage.

"When the general was in London, indifferent health and rheumatism had bowed his once rugged form and thinned the hair of his leonine head. He was exceedingly lame, too, from the wound he was said to have received at Aspromonte. He wore a small round hat without peak or shade (known at the time as a pork-pie), and a red flannel shirt with a loose dark scarf around his throat. Cynical observers said he rarely changed his costume, and that one moderate-sized trunk was more than sufficient to carry all of his scanty wardrobe. He certainly was not what is called a 'dressy' person. He stuck religiously to his red shirt, and tho red is a good wearing color, I have no doubt he changed it as often as occasion required.

"Garibaldi, when in London, conserved his old habits when he was a soldier in South America, of rising with the lark. He was out of bed by five, and before seven his apartments were invaded by scores of anxious, persistent callers. In fact, he held an informal reception every morning before the family of his host had breakfasted. The duke wisely left him to his own devices and kept out of his way until the afternoon, when a drive in the parks or a trip to Cliveden was usually arranged. Up to his luncheon at twelve o'clock the general received expatriated Poles, Hungarians in exile, Italians, and all sorts of odd-looking patriots, some of whom, judging by their seedy coats and shady, sinister expressions of countenance, must have left their country for their country's good. The number of foreign counts who called on him was remarkable. That these wondrous noblemen were desperately hard up was evidenced by their inability to present proper printed visiting-cards: they inscribed their jaw-breaking names overflowing with consonants on slips of paper or fragments of dingy pasteboard. The general threw these tokens into a great china bowl, and curious reading some of them were. For a long time the collection afforded infinite amusement to the inmates of Stafford House and their friends. The general received these strange people with a charming simplicity of manner and treated the dingiest of them with as much frank courtesy as he extended to the fine fleur of England's aristocracy. The artists who waited on him to solicit sittings were many; they 'came not in single files but in battalions,' and one morning as early as seven o'clock he was found in his bedroom half-dressed, smoking a cigarette, with no less than four enterprising artists working away at sketches."

THE

but are of the earth earthy. Yet not for this reason is the matri monial state to be condemned. Rather the contrary, since the institution is in perfect harmony with nature, and springs from natural rather than spiritual impulses. This is the chief reason why the unsuspecting man is easily captured by the clever woman who understands human nature, and particularly the masculine branch of the subject. What Thackeray had in view, no doubt, was the fact that the sentiment of love, which is the ruling motive of marriage, on one side or the other, if not on both, arises almost invariably as a result of propinquity. Given the right sort of material to work with, and it would be as easy for a cunning match-maker to bring about a love affair as for a pigeon-fancier to mate a pair of his birds. It is merely a matter of throwing young people together a great deal, and as much as possible to the exclusion of others; under favorable circumstances as to time and place. Nature does the rest. Beauty in the female is by no means essential. Sympathy is by far the better bait. Thousands of bachelors are aching to find some truly sympathetic soul, capable of appreciating their own sterling merits, most of which are hidden so far below the surface that no man could ever discover them. It is true that a great many men think they can not afford to marry, but these succumb to the right sort of tackle, just as the shyest old trout may be at last brought to basket by the patient angler."

Individuality in Animals.-"Everybody who has had anything to do with horses knows that they differ as widely as the poles in intelligence and temperament while under the control of bit and rein. Some horses can not bear to be without company, especially in the fields, while others apparently dislike it, and may be seen grazing always apart from a troop on some large common or fell. I have known a horse of mature years fall as deeply and desperately in love with a donkey at first sight as the veriest moon-calf that ever visited a ballroom. In fact, such was the poor animal's pitiable plight that, after a day or two of companionship, he would not eat until the ass had made a start from his manger. On the other hand, I have known a horse, at first averse to the society of the same donkey, after a while grow quite fond of it, thus proving that platonic affection may be a thing of slow or rapid growth between animals, as in human beings, ac cording to individual disposition. Horses vary a great deal, too, in regard to nerve. Some are born frightened of railway trains, and tho they may live all their lives near to them, remain so. Very few will stand being 'shot off,' yet now and again one may be met with that will remain as steady as a rock while its rider blazes off with both barrels right over its head at a covey grouse. Very few horses will wait for their masters when left unfettered upon a public road; however, I have known one faithful little mare that would wait for her bibulous master outside a country public-house on a cold winter's night for two and even three hours on end. When tired of waiting, I have on many oc casions heard her neigh for her master. I have been shut up in a stable on several occasions with individual horses while a number of people, including in each case the man who fed and drove the animal under observation, went by. In some instances the horse would whinny in recognition of its attendant's footsteps, and in others pay not the slightest attention. Dogs show a great deal of individuality of disposition. Some of them are inherently honest, and others made so by fear of punishment. I have known one that was considered exceptionally quiet and good-tempered, revenge itself upon a man by biting him three weeks after he had thrown a stone at it."- The Spectator.

CORRESPONDENTS' CORNER.

The Reign of Cambyses, King of Persia.

of

The following note has been received from Prof. Horace N. Herrick, Professor of Greek in Eureka College, Illinois, in reference to an article which appeared in our columns, on the date specified, under the title of

"A Relic of Old Egypt."

Editor of THE LITERARY DIGEST :

EUREKA, ILL., Feb. 15, 1896.

the bottom of the page, I find the following statement in a quotation from In THE LITERARY DIGEST of February 15, page 21, Second column, near reliefs are cut was thrown down by an earthquake near the beginning of The Christian Herald: "Two thirds of the chief wall on which the bas Persian

army of Cambyses.

uncorrected. Cambyses, King of Persia, reigned from 529 to 522 B.C. I hope THE DIGEST will not allow so manifest an anachronism to pass H. N. HERRICK.

Respectfully,

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BUSINESS SITUATION.

Iron and Steel, Finance, Produce. The iron and steel industry has shown irregularity, with trade quiet at some points and fairly satisfactory at others. Bessemer pig, gray forge and steel billets are a little lower, but bar iron, plates and cast pipe are firm. Pig iron is passing into consumption quite freely, and railroad companies are placing more liberal orders for cars and car materials. A better demand for hides and leather has been followed by an improvement in the boot and shoe trade. There was a fair at tendance of Southern and Western buyers in the wholesale dry-goods district of the metropolis, and the general reduction in cotton goods growing out of the decline in the staple induced fair purchases. Woolen and worsted dress-goods were taken in satisfactory volume, but men's woolens were lower, owing to sharp competition. The sales of wool in the three principal markets during the week were only 3,848,000 pounds, but prices of good wools were sustained by the strength of the foreign markets.

In financial circles operations in connection with the Government loan commanded marked attention, and the restoration of the gold reserve to above the one hundred million dollar mark and the advance in the new bonds, previously noted, caused a general improvement in stocks and railroad bonds, and led to liberal purchases of the latter for investment. A fall in the rates of interest to the lowest figures of the year for call and time money and discounts, in the face of a large loss in cash by the city banks through bond payments and shipments of currency to other points, also contributed to the improved sentiment that prevailed and stimulated buying of securities. London was likewise a factor, the increased favor with which American securities were viewed at that center and purchases through the cable having exerted considerable influence on our market. Good traffic returns and the absence of gold exports were among the other causes at work.

In the produce markets cotton declined c. for spot and about 15 points for near options. There was an interval of strength, however, when prices rallied on a better demand from English spinners and covering of shorts. Wheat closed 14 @2 cents lower for the various options. The market was unfavorably affected by liquidation, the dulness of flour at the West, and weaker cables.-The Mail and Express, February 22.

The noteworthy fact in the money market is that few commercial loans are asked, altho rates are easy. The manufacturing increase which appeared a week ago does not continue. Altho money is easier at all the chief markets, the withdrawal of about $80,000,000 from loanable funds within a fortnight has affected many kinds of business. Failures are not only larger than last year, but for two weeks of February ran not far behind those of 1894, according to Dun's Review liabilities being in two weeks of Febru ary $7,680,393, against $5,550,986 låst year and $8,534,072 in 1894, of which the manufacturing were $3,163,986, against $1,592,390 last year and $3,749,845 in 1894.-The New York Tribune, February 22.

CHESS.

[All communications for this Department should be addressed: "Chess-Editor, LITERARY

DIGEST."]

Problem 125.

A First Prize from New Zealand.
Black-Four Pieces.

K on Q 4; Ps on K 2, K B 6, Q Kt 2.

White-Seven Pieces.

K on K R 8; Q on Q R sq; Kts on Q Kt 3 Ps on K 6, K B 2, Q 3.

White mates in three moves.

Problem 126.

By S. M. JOSEPH. Black-Ten Pieces.

We published the "Amsterdammer" as Problem 97, November 16, 1895. It was such a good one that we overlooked the fact that we were serving it up again.

The solution Q-Q Kt 7 was given in full in THE LITERARY DIGEST of December 7.

Besides those who sent correct solution at that time, we must name those who have been successful this time: R. R. R., Bay City, Mich.; the Revs. I. W. Bieber, Bethlehem. Pa., and E. M. McMillen, Lebanon, Ky,; Charles Porter, Lamberton, Minn.; J. F. Dee, Buffalo; F. H. Johnston, Elizabeth City, N. C.; Dr. A., Olympia, Wash.; J. K. Proudfit, Kansas City, Kan.; W. W. Smith, Randolph-Macon Woman's College, Lynchburg; A. S. Rachal, Lynchburg; H. Ketcham, Vergennes, Vt.; R. J. Hutson, Rochester; H. Lohmar, Lohmarsburg, Mo.

K-R 4

No. 117.

-Kt 5, mate

I.

Px Qor-K 6

Correct solution received from M. W. H., University of Virginia; W. G. Donnan, Independence, Ia.; Mr. and Mrs. J. V. Streed, Cambridge, Ill.; Nelson Hald, Dannebrog, Neb.; H. T. Avery, Sayre, Pa.; F. S. Ferguson, Birmingham, Ala.; B. F. Petheram, Skaneateles, N. Y.; the Revs. E. P. Skyles, Berlin, Pa., and E. C, Haskell, Sigourney, Ia.; also R. R. R,; the Revs. I. W. Bieber and E. M. McMillin; F. H. Johnston; Dr. A.; J. K. Proudfit; W. W. Smith; A. S. Rachal; R. J. Hutson; H. Lohmar.

A number of our solvers sent P-K B 4 ch. And

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AGENCIES IN

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FOCUSING LAMPS,&6

(b) Of course Kt-B 3 is also at the disposal of White, as well as Castles. The latter move may lead to an attack somewhat similar to the Mas Lange.

(c) This of course is the complementary move to B-B 4. (d) The advance of this Pawn is rather helped by Black's defense of B-B 4, and this fact constitutes the main objection to this line of play.

(e) A move bearing Mr. Steinitz's trademark, (f) We should have preferred Kt--K 2.

(g) This ingenious device seems to cramp Black's game very much, but the harm done is more apparent than real. Kt-Q Kt by White would probably have been answered with P-Q B 3. It was, however, important to prevent Black playing P-Q3, which would give a good game,

(h) White could not afford to wait for B-Kt 2. (i) It was a difficult point. Black has his two Bishops very well posted, and if White attempts to defend the Kt P with the Queen he would soon get into trouble, and Black would at once obtain the better game.

(k) There being Bishops of opposite colors, this result is to some extent justified. But there was still plenty of play in the game.

Our Correspondence Games. The first of our correspondence games which has been finished, or of which the score has been sent to us, is a fine illustration of the strength of the Evans Gambit, when Black dares to take his

K-R 4

Correct solution received from M. W. H., who writes: "A charming little composition; so simple-when you see it!" Mr. and Mrs. Streed; H. T. Avery; Nelson Hald; F. S. Ferguson; the Revs. E. P. Skyles, E. C. Haskell, I. W. Bieber, and E. M. McMillen; A. S. Rachal; Charles Porter; R. J. Hutson; H. Lohmar; Dr. A.; R. R. R.; F. H. Johnston; W. G. Donnan; Chas. W. Cooper, Allegheny; J. H. Riddick, Randolph-Macon Woman's College; J. H. Witte, Portland, Ore.; A. J. Burnett, Grand Rapids, Mich.; C. Hertzberg, Polytechnic Institute, Brooklyn; L. C. Schober, Ottawa Lake, Mich.; Geo. W. Getter, Ellerton, O.; John A. Lejeune, Norfolk; H. N. W., Des Moines; C. F. Putney, Independence, Ia.; Dr. A. S. Bower, and W. A. MacKenzie, Salt Lake City.

St. Petersburg Games.

THIRD ROUND-FIFTH GAME.

Petroff's Defense.

PILLSBURY. TSCHIGORIN.

TSCHIGORIN,

White.

I P-K 4

2 Kt-K B3

3 P-Q 4

4 P-K 5

5Q x P (a)

P-K 4
Kt-KB 3
Px P
Kt-K 5
P-Q 4 (b)

x Pep. Kt x QP Kt-B 3 Kt-B 3 Q-K B 4 B-B

9 B-Kt 5

TO Kt-Q 4

II B x Kt

12 Kt x B

13 Castles

14

B-K 3

15 QR-Kt sq

B-K 2 (c)

B-Q 2

B x B

Px Kt

Castles

R-Kt sq

Kt-B sq (d)

16 Q-B 3 Q-Q 2

PILLSBURY. Black.

17 Q R-Q sq

B-Q 3

18 P-Q Kt

3

Q-K 3

19

Kt-K 2

Kt-K 4

20 K R-Ksq

21 B x P

22 Kt x B

23 P-B 4 (f)

B-Kt 6

24

25 B-B 7

Q-Kt 3

QR-K sq (e)

P x Kt
P-QB 4
Kt-B 4
Kt-Q 5 (g)
(h)Kt-K 3 ch
Kt-B 6

Р Kt x R

X Kt (i) R-K 3
3 Q-B 3

31 P-Q_R4 (k)K R-K sq

32 P-R 5 (1) Q-K 2

Notes by Gunsberg.

(a) Steinitz played Q-K 2 here.

(b) We believe P-K B 4 is a better move than P-Q 4

(c) Of course if B x P, White plays Kt-Q 4; we think B-Q 2 at once would have been best.

(d) Played less with a view to protect the R P than to remove the Kt from its awkward square on Q 3, and make room for his Bishop and Queen to get into play.

(e) The sacrifice of the Pawn was involuntary, as Black could not play R-R sq with a view to getting back his Pawn on account of White's reply, 22 Kt x B, Rx B; 23 Rx Kt.

(f) Why not bring the Bishop back at once? BQ4, followed by B-Kt 2, would have been the natural outcome of the position, as then B-R 3 would be threatened.

(g) The Knight could not have got in here, if White had retired his Bishop at once.

R

(h) The position is somewhat embarrassing, yet there was no need to play this move, which loses the exchange. Q-R 3 was safe, i.e. 26 Q-R 3, xRch; 27 R x R, Kt-K 7 ch; 28 K-B sq, R-K sq; B-R 5 with advantage.

(i) IE 29 Q x Q, R x R ch; 30 K x R, BPXQ; 31 Kx Kt, Rx P, etc,

(k) B-Kt 3 would serve both the attack and the defense; especially if followed by B-B 3, and B -B 2.

(1) An oversight, which costs a piece and the game. It is curious that the omission to withdraw this Bishop, a move which most players would make on general principles, should have led to the loss of the game, otherwise so well played.

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PRICE.-Per year, in advance, $3.00; four months, on trial, $1.00; single copies, to cents.

RECEIPTS.-The yellow label pasted on the outside wrapper is a receipt for payment of subscription to and including the printed date. EXTENSION.-The extension of a subscription is shown by the printed label the second week after a remittance is received. DISCONTINUANCES.-We find that a large majority of our subscribers

prefer not to have their subscriptions interrupted and their files broken in case they fail to remit before expiration. It is therefore assumed, unless notification to discontinue is received, that the subscriber wishes no interruption in his series. Notification to discontinue at expiration can be sent in at any time during the year. PRESENTATION COPIES.-Many persons subscribe for THE LITERARY DIGEST to be sent to friends. In such cases, if we are advised that a subscription is a present and not regularly authorized by the recipient, we will make a memorandum to discontinue at expiration, and to send no bill for the ensuing year.

TOPICS OF THE DAY.

RECOGNITION of cuban belligerents.

THE

HE Senate went on record last week in favor of the recognition of belligerent rights of Cuban insurrectionists. The following concurrent resolutions were adopted by a vote of 64 to 6:

"That in the opinion of Congress a condition of public war exists between the Government of Spain and the Government proclaimed, and for some time maintained by force of arms, by the people of Cuba, and that the United States of America should maintain a strict neutrality between the contending Powers, according to each all the rights of belligerents in the ports and territory of the United States.

"That the President is hereby requested to interpose his friendly offices with the Spanish Government for the recognition of the independence of Cuba."

Senator Sherman, chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, réported the resolutions and supported them in a vigorous speech. He recognized the danger of hostile movements by Spain following the action of Congress, but he denounced the policy of cruelty projected by General Weyler in order to put down the insurrection as that of a demon rather than a general. He concluded his speech by saying:

"Whatever may be the result of the adoption of this measure, I desire to take my share of the responsibility for it. And, with a confidence in the judgment of the Almighty Ruler of the Universe, I believe it will be wise if we can assist, and if all the other nations of America will concur, in giving to the people of Cuba the same liberties which we now enjoy."

This set of resolutions on the subject is the third reported from the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations since the present session began. As drafted above they proved to be a satisfactory adjustment of conflicting views, for all amendments, whether less positive in tone or more so, were voted down by large majorities. Resolutions of a similar tenor, reported to the House by the Committee on Foreign Affairs on Monday of this week, were passed under a suspension of the rules by a vote of 263 to 17.

Like the Armenian resolutions recently adopted by both branches of Congress these resolutions are not joint but concurrent in form. The distinction drawn is that concurrent resolutions

do not require, while joint resolutions do require, the signature of the President to become effective. Whether such concurrent resolutions amount to more than a mere expression of Congressional opinion, is a mooted question.

What Belligerents Acquire by Recognition.—“It may be said upon well-known authority that the recognition of belligerency, while exercising a moral influence in their favor, is not solely to the advantage of the insurgents. They gain, says Mr. Dana in a note to Wheaton, the great advantage of a recognized status, and the opportunity to employ commissioned cruisers at sea and to exert all the powers known to maritime warfare, with the sanction of foreign nations. They can obtain abroad loans and military and naval materials and enlist men as against everything but neutrality laws: their flag and commissions are acknowledged, their revenue laws are respected, and they acquire a quasi-political recognition. On the other hand, the parent government is relieved from responsibility for acts done in the insurgent territory; its blockade of its own ports is respected, and it acquires a right to exert against neutral commerce all the powers of a party to a maritime war. In brief, as one of the latest writers on international law puts it, the effect of a recognition of belligerency is to endow the belligerent community with all the rights and all the obligations of an independent state so far as the war is concerned, but no further."-Bradstreet's (Fin.), New York.

Independence is Sure to Come.-"There was but one answer [to General Weyler's policy], and the American Congress has given it. It proclaims that the hand of terrorism and savagery in Cuba must be restrained. If necessary this warning will be followed by more direct and active interposition. The attitude of Congress both as to belligerency and independence is justified. Belligerency is an indisputable fact. Every case must be judged on its own merits, and while the case of Cuba does not present the belligerency of organized and potential governmental machinery it shows the belligerency of invincible strength. In law and in reason it is entitled to belligerent rights.

"As to independence Congress does not recognize it as an existing fact, but looks toward its acknowledgment. It politely invokes the concession from Spain. That power is itself in the midst of a crisis at home. The Cuban struggle has already exhausted it. It is near the end of its resources. It faces bankruptcy. The Cortes has been dissolved, and it enters new elections amid embarrassments and difficulties which may entail incalculable complications. To let go Cuba is hard, and to hold on may be still harder. Sooner or later independence is sure to The resolutions of Congress opens the way for the President to enter into negotiations with Spain for the concession and recognition of that independence upon fair terms and conditions which this Government can guarantee. If Spain meets such advances in a wise spirit she can escape without further sacrifice, and with some compensation for the loss of Cuba. If she resents and repels them, she will not avert the loss and will only add to her own burdens.”—The Press (Rep.), Philadelphia.

come.

Annexation Not Particularly Favored.-"However it turns out, we should be devoutly thankful that Cuba was not incorporated in the Union in the early years of the Republic, and that all those old before-the-war schemes for acquiring it by purchase or conquest came to naught. Its acquisition then would have meant a new slave State. Providence had other views and purposes. Now that slavery is a nightmare of the past, there is no observable eagerness in any part of this country for the annexation of Cuba. If the question were to become a practical one this year or next, it is not at all certain that either Congress or the people would regard annexation with favor. What we all desire to see is an independent, well-ordered, tranquil, prosperous Cuba. If the islanders once succeed in overthrowing Spanish