The Protocol makes no provision for the payment of any indemnity to Chinese who have suffered during the late troubles, unless they were in the service of foreigners. Statements of the claims of all such are to be drawn up and sworn to by May 1. This will include, incidentally, the employees of the various missions, but leaves all other Christians uncared for. In the vicinity of the occupied cities numerous Protestant missionaries have been able to secure either the whole or a large part of the sums needed to reimburse the losses of their converts. If all reports are to be trusted, the Roman Catholics have generally exacted amounts the most liberal, not to say enormous, aided by the almost omnipresent French soldiers. We do not hear of any single instance in which indemnities for Protestants have been collected by the help of troops, though there may have been isolated cases. In Shantung it is not yet known whether Yuan-Shih-K'ai will follow the lead of Li-Hung-Chang in ordering the payment of about twenty taels for each room in a house destroyed, and the same for its contents, thus averaging the losses indiscriminately. Some reparation to the persecuted and hunted Christians the Chinese officials ought certainly to make, but in many cases it is like drawing eye-teeth to extract the money from unwilling and semi-hostile magistrates. The perusal of the much-quoted article in the January "Contemporary Review," by Dr. Dillon, on the outrages committed by foreign troops in North China, has led to much discussion here on the ground, where, if anywhere, it ought to be possible to get at the facts. Without impugning the veracity of this observer, it is remarked that his means of ascertaining the existing conditions were imperfect, that the conversations which he held with the Chinese require careful sifting as to the medium through which they were conducted, and that he makes no allowance whatever for the impossibility of determining at that time who were and who were not combatants, since any Boxer (or Chinese soldier either) might at any moment throw off his outer jacket and the next moment become a harmless and at the same time a deadly peasant. An army of invasion can take no chances, especially under the conditions which governed the relief of Peking. If in any of the allied armies there are "officers" who would violate Chinese girls in a house which was used as headquarters, it is not very probable that they would take the trouble to kill girls and throw them into a chest, although such things may have happened. After talking with many whose experience and observation are much greater than my own, it certainly appears that the impression conveyed by the article of Dr. Dillon is not true to the general line of facts, and is adapted to produce a somewhat exaggerated impression at a time when the truth is sufficiently depressing. Just what those facts are or have been it is next to impossible to determine until there shall have been official investigation into the charges against the various armies. Such inquiries there most certainly ought to be, and the result will almost certainly be to make it plain that our boasted civilization has often proved in North China a mere veneer, and that, for various causes, the example of the worst foreign forces has been potent enough to demoralize most of the others at some times and under some circumstances, although by no means so universally as might be inferred. It is instructive to observe how much more emphasis is laid upon these excesses by foreigners than by the Chinese themselves, who often remark that, although undoubtedly grievous, they are literally nothing to what would have been committed by Chinese soldiers in any Western country which they might have overrun. The removal of the eighteen hundred men who constitute the United States force in China is expected to take place very soon, only a Legation guard of two companies remaining. This is in accord with the views of the Government often expressed, and, if to be defended at all, can be so only on the ground that the dilatoriness of Congress in passing the new Army Bill has made it a necessity. So far as is known, all Americans in China radically disapprove of what is miscalled the "policy" of the Government in leaving American interests to other Powers to protect, when the negotiations are far from complete. It is a symptom of weakness which the Chinese will be prompt to misinterpret. Minister Conger deserves the short vaca tion which he and his family are granted after the tremendous strain of the past eighteen months. His place is taken by Mr. Rockhill, who has large knowledge of T China and the Chinese, and who is understood to be quite in sympathy with the lukewarm plans in favor at Washington. Why the American troops were not withdrawn on the 29th of August, immediately after the empty pageant of marching through the Forbidden City, is something of a mystery. It is difficult to see what single end has been subserved by their presence for these months, or else why they should be withdrawn now. Mr. Squiers, First Secretary of Legation, who was deservedly commended to the favorable notice of our Government in a special despatch from Lord Lansdowne in conjunction with the Rev. F. D. Gamewell, who conducted the defense of the fortifications of the British Legation, is now Chargé des Affaires, and richly merits promotion to the position of Minister whenever and wherever a fitting vacancy may occur. He and Mr. Gamewell are among the few men whose services during the siege were absolutely indispensable to the safety of all. Peking, March 16, 1901. The Law and Policy of Annexation' HE point of view of this book is indicated by the following sentence: "The annexation of the Philippines is not a cross to be bornewhich seems to be the best that can be said for it; it is a blunder to be retrieved." In our opinion, the occupation of the Philippines is neither a cross to be borne nor a blunder to be retrieved. The defeat of the Spanish navy in the harbor of Manila was an achievement to be gloried in. The repelling of the attack on the American flag by Aguinaldo's forces was a duty to be performed, the evasion of which would have been a National dishonor and might have involved a great National disgrace. The sovereignty of America in the Philip pines is an opportunity for achieving in a far-away land what America has achieved in territories successfully annexed on this continent; an opportunity to be entered upon with courage, with hope, but with that sobriety which great responsibility Law and Policy of Annexation. By Carman F. Randolph. Longmans, Green & Co., New York. always ought to involve. Thus the reader will observe that our point of view and that of the author of this volume are radically different, and for this difference in point of view he must make allowance in reading this criticism. The book will be of interest, in our judgment, chiefly to lawyers, as an academic discussion of an important question which the people to whom the book is addressed have not to decide. The larger portion of the volume is devoted to a consideration of the question whether territories subject to the United States are a part of the United States in such a sense that all the provisions of the Constitution apply to them. Some questions the founders of the Constitution did not leave to the Nation, but to experts selected for the purpose. To such experts they wisely left the question when and how far the provisions of the Constitution apply in restraint of the powers of Congress, or of the Nation through Congress. What are the Constitutional rights of the people of Porto Rico and the Phil ippines under the Constitution, what are the powers of Congress over the people of Porto Rico and the Philippines, are questions which have been now laid before the Supreme Court of the United States, which is the body of experts to whom, under the Constitution, all such questions are referred. It is for this reason that we characterize the discussion of the question in such a book as this as a purely academic discussion. The people, that is, the readers of this book, have not the decision of the question. More than that, we think the spirit of the book is academic rather than practical. It assumes that the Philippines must either be foreign territory or else the Filipinos must be entitled to all the rights and privileges conferred by the Constitution on the citizens of those States and Territories which are a constituent part of the United States. We do not think that this is the alternative. In our judgment, the Nation may own and rule territory the residents of which have not the privileges possessed by citizens of the Territories and States which constitute what may be called a National partnership. A striking illustration of this power is furnished by the relation of the Federal Government to the citizens of the District of Columbia, who have no share in the government of the District. The academic nature of the book is further illustrated by the quotation, with apparent approval, from Judge Curtis of his condemnation of the Administration of Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War. This Administration and the criticisms levied against it have passed into history. We think most of our readers will agree that the verdict of history is that the Administration was in the main justified in its acts, and that the criticism of those acts because they were not in accordance with traditional interpretations of the Constitution were hypercriticisms. Having said this much in criticism of the book, we must add that it presents what may be called the strict constructionist view of the Constitution with a good deal of effectiveness, and that, as a brief addressed to the Supreme Court on the questions now pending before that tribunal, it might have had considerable value. Books of the Week This report of current literature is supplemented by fuller reviews of such books as in the judgment of the editors are of special importance to our readers. Any of these books will be sent by the publishers of The Outlook, postpaid, to any address on receipt of the published price. Art of Folly (The). By Sheridan Ford. Small, Maynard & Co., Boston. 534x9 in. 190 pages. Ballads of Down. By George Francis SavageArmstrong, M.A., D.Lit. Longmans, Green & Co., New York. 414×7 in. 384 pages. $2.50. These are real Irish ballads, at times somewhat wordy, it is true, but naturally so because written by an unwearied word-master, one whose quick, acute, and expansive Celtic fancy must needs use many an expression to arrive at his Celtic ideal of felicity and finish. No one can read these verses, however, without recognizing in them an apparently opposing element, that of straightforwardness. Versatile as is our author, he hits out from the shoulder, not with one or two, but with many direct, vigorous blows. His is no angrily pessimistic iconoclasm, nor is he ignorantly optimistic: his views of life seem well balanced and just; whenever he indulges in analytical speculation, though the undertone be one of pathos, it is sane, with no suspicion of morbidness. We like Mr. Savage-Armstrong best, however, in his purely narrative work and in his transcripts of life. These are characterized by an Irish warmth, color, humor, which go straight to one's mind and heart, despite the occasionally difficult Downshire dialect-an Ulster development of the Lowland-Scottish, brought over by Scottish settlers in the reign of James I. Also in dialect are many of his descriptions of the County of Down. Like those of the Wicklow region, previously published, these surround us with a pervasive atmosphere of wood and hill and brook and bird, remaining with us long after we have left the well-printed little blue book at home and have gone again into the workaday world. Ballantyne. By Helen Campbell. Little, Brown & Co., Boston. 5x8 in. 361 pages. $1.50. In this cleverly told story two young New Englanders are cured of some illusions concerning their native land, the woman having fled to England from what she loathed as sordidness, and the man, brought up in England from childhood, idealizing too highly the America to which he had had no opportunity to return. Finally he goes, while she remains, and each of them during a year sees the other side of social conditions in both countries. Of course they have become fond of each other, and the conclusion in which they come to gether on their native shore is that this is on the whole the best, with freedom and spirit adequate for the noblest aims of human aspiration. The characters are strongly individualized, and their paths intersect in surprising ways; but the story, though entertaining, lingers unduly on an insignificant feature of American life. Book of Fair Devon (The). Illustrated. The International News Co., New York. 44×9 in. 209 pages. This is in reality an advertising publication, but it is so well done and it contains so much interesting matter that it has both attractiveness and value for visitors to Devonshire. It is an advertisement in the sense that it sets forth the attractions of Devonshire for the purpose of bringing the charm of that country to the knowledge of a larger number of tourists. It Book of Jade (The). Doxey's, At the Sign of the Lark, New York. 54x74 in. 131 pages. A small volume of highly sophisticated poems, touched with the decadent spirit; full of morbid interest in death and the corruption of the grave, set forth with great detail; overflowing with the ultimate despair of a man who has tried religion and found it empty, morality and discovered that it is a delusion; art, science, and experience of every kind, and found their emptiness; love, and discerned its folly; and who now turns to poetry as a last resort. is, in other words, the work of a very young man, to whom all these great things are unknown, so far as personal contact is concerned, and who therefore writes with a free hand concerning the facts of experience. The book is not without grace and imagination, but it is essentially imitative. It lacks reality, and the writer will do well to make another start along the lines of health, sanity, artistic selection of subjects, and wholesome and natural methods of expression. Changing View-Point in Religious Thought, and Other Short Studies in Present Religious Problems. By Henry Thomas Colestock, A.M., B.D. E. B. Treat & Co., New York. 5×7%1⁄2 in. 303 pages. $1. The present change of emphasis in religious thought from forms to facts, from creeds to conduct, from metaphysical interest to ethical, from the potentate to the paternal conception of God, from the probational to the educational view of human life, from a scholastic to a vital apprehension of saving faith, is variously and effectively exhibited in this volume. Its author is evidently a close follower of Professor William N. Clarke, whom he quotes more than any other author, and whose teachings are exerting a wide and wholesome influence, particularly in his own denomination. Mr. Colestock's thought is strongly bent on spiritual and moral reality, and his book will be helpful to thoughtful minds who are hesitating between older and newer ways of thinking. Children's Sayings. Edited by William Canton. Dodd. Mead & Co., New York. 42x7 in. 158 pages. $1. In this little volume Mr. Canton shows the same sympathetic feeling for childhood and the same knowledge of children which made it possible for him to write "The Invisible Playmate," one of the most fascinating books about childhood which has appeared for many years. This volume is prefaced by a very interesting and suggestive essay, which is followed by a collection of the sayings of children, for the most part entirely fresh, and for the most part both interesting and significant of the processes of the child mind and the stages through which the child passes. Divine Origin of Christianity Indicated by its Historical Effects (The). By Richard S. Storrs, D.D., LL.D. The Pilgrim Press, Boston. 534x834 in. 674 pages. $2. The Outlook has before directed attention to this work and "Bernard of Clairvaux " as Dr. Storrs's greatest books, characterized by noble diction, opulent illustration, and scholarly finish. Its publication has appropriately passed into the hands of the religious denomination of which he was a conspicuous leader. Empresses of France. By H. A. Guerber. Illustrated. Dodd, Mead & Co., New York. 58% in. 416 pages. $2.50. Miss Guerber's books should be better known. Her "Stories of Wagner's Operas," for instance, is invaluable to any one who would appreciate those great works, and to young students in history her other books are full of helpful suggestiveness-her "Legends of Switzerland" or her "Story of the Thirteen Col. onies," for instance. Her latest work is a narration of the principal events in the lives of the only three Empresses of FranceJosephine, Marie Louise, and Eugenie-and is a distinct aid towards the better understanding of French history. Eternal Quest (The). By J. A. Steuart. Dodd, Mead & Co., New York. 5×74 in. 378 pages. $1.50. A soldier and a preacher had been united by fifty years of close friendship. The soldier had become a general, and the clergyman was militant enough to be known as “Our Fighting Chaplain." The general's son and the clergyman's daughter fell in love; they marry at the end of the story, and the story recounts the intervening trials. Etidorhpa. By John Uri Lloyd. Illustrated. (Eleventh Edition, Revised and Enlarged.) Dodd, Mead & Co., New York. 434×7 in. 375 pages. Like Mr. Lloyd's "Stringtown," this is an intermingling of the realistic and the super natural. It is the dramatic but somewhat spun-out story of a mysterious being; it describes the conversations between an unbidden guest and an unwilling host; it is chiefly remarkable in being quite outside the ordinary run of fiction. The idea of the book first found incorporation in a private publication issued six years ago. The discussions aroused by it led to successive editions, and to the addition of certain chapters closely connected with the preceding incidents. The present is really the eleventh edition of this "novel of mystery." Experimental Psychology: A Manual of Laboratory Practice. By Edward Bradford Titch- These volumes by a pupil of Wundt, and an acknowledged master of his science, reveal the gulf that separates scientific from popular psychology. The latter emphasizes the sameness of normal minds. By the former their differences are exhibited. While the elementary processes and basal functions are the same in all, the parts borne by various groups of mental processes, and also the mechanism of functions, greatly vary. This is demonstrated by introspection as refined and accurate as instruments of precision can make it. Such an introspection, or a series of such, made under standard conditions, constitutes a psychological experiment. The experiments prescribed in these volumes, selected from a much larger number worked out in the Cornell Laboratory, are termed "qualitative," as aiming to exhibit the how of mental structure. They present a half-year of work for students in the third year of psychological study. An interest attaches to such research which peculiarly belongs to a comparatively new science, in which the unsolved problems are many. The work which Professor Titchener and others of our countrymen are doing in this department makes one doubt whether an American student can do much better by going abroad. Helmet of Navarre (The). By Bertha Runkle. Illustrated. The Century Co., New York. 5x8 in. 470 pages. $1.50. It seems almost superfluous to praise this romance, so well assured has its success been made by the avidity with which it has been read in its serial publication. Beyond doubt we are to have here another case in which a young American writer is to score with a first novel a phenomenal popular triumph. It is not too much to say that "The Helmet of Navarre" has no superior in American fiction in the particular class to which it belongs. This class is, of course, that of which Mr. Weyman has been the leader in recent years, and which the elder Dumas may be said to have invented. Here is a romance of the sword, a tale of intrigue and adventure in the France of the sixteenth century, a story of love and war in deftly mingled proportions. The characters are clearly drawn and well contrasted, but still the character-depiction is comparatively surface work-"the plot's the thing." What is worthy of special note as almost unique in a first book is the unerring sense of proportion in construction. This is a rarer merit than it should be-it is sadly wanting, for instance, in "Richard Carvel," David Harum," Janice Meredith," and "Eben Holden," excellent as may be all these books in other ways. In Miss Runkle's romance the narrative is consecutive, compact, and constantly sustained in its action. The incidents are not only dramatic and ingenious in them selves, but one leads into another, and all lead with due sense of perspective to the climax. Moreover, the story has the true dash and rush of romance; it is animated, brisk, and cheerful. Labor. By Emile Zola. Harper & Bros., New York. 5x7 in. 604 pages. $1.50. In this elaborately worked out study of labor conditions in France M. Zola has foremost in mind humanitarian rather than fictional purpose. We reserve extended notice until a later date. 66 66 Maryland Manor (A). By Frederic Emory. Frederick A. Stokes Co., New York. 5x71⁄2 in. $1.50. Nell Gwyn-Comedian. By F. Frankfort Moore. Illustrated. Brentano's, New York. 5×7% in. 316 pages. $1.50. Mr. Moore has a much less attractive subject in this novel than in "The Jessamy Bride," and the story is inferior to its predecessor. It is based on careful study of the manners of Charles II., and there is very little doubt that the kind of wit and repartee which it contains reflects a good deal of the coarseness of the court of a monarch who was genuinely witty, but many of whose courtiers, men and women, had none of the salt of wit and not a shred of intellectual or moral decency. The story is not without merit, but it is slight. Niagara Book (The). By W. D. Howells, Mark Twain, Prof. Nathaniel S. Shaler, and Others. Illustrated. (New and Revised Edition.) Doubleday, Page & Co., New York. 5x8 in. 353 pages. $1.50. Who would not see Niagara with such companions as "Mark Twain," W. D. Howells, E. S. Martin, Professor Shaler, and the Rev. Mr. Slicer? These gentlemen and others have written chapters which are now bound together and have become the only guide to Niagara of any literary or scientific importance. As may be imagined, we have accounts of the great falls from the humorous, historical, scientific, and other points of view. Intending tourists would appreciate an edition in smaller size as being more portable. The opening of the Pan-American Exposition makes this publication a timely one. Pronunciation of 10,000 Proper Names (The). By Mary Stuart Mackey and Maryette Goodwin Mackey, B.A. Dodd, Mead & Co., New York. 44x64 in. 294 pages. $1. This admirably supplements the well-known and useful "7,000 Words Often Mispronounced." The present book is especially valuable because it includes the names of places and people lately brought into prominence in connection with South Africa, Cuba, Hawaii, the Philippines, and the Far East. The system of vocal notation, the typographical arrangement, and the general form are all commendable. Names of books, characters in fiction, and works of art are included. The book is distinctly an addition to any reference library. Stories of Pioneer Life for Young Readers. By Florence Bass. Illustrated. D. C. Heath & Co., Boston. 5x74 in. 136 pages. 40c. Sailor's Log (A). By Robley D. Evans, RearAdmiral, U.S.N. Illustrated. D. Appleton & Co., New York. 52X81⁄2 in. 467 pages. $2. Admiral Evans has had forty years of active service, has been engaged in two wars, and has had varied and picturesque experiences in many quarters of the globe. Moreover, he has a striking personality, and, as " Fighting Bob." is known and loved all over the country. His story is vivid, dramatic, and full of life and incident. There are parts of the book which would be improved by compression, but in the main the narrative is clear, direct, and manly. The account of the fall of Fort Fisher, the exciting crisis in Chile, the experiences in Behring Sea, are chapters hardly less thrilling than those dealing with the fight at Santiago. |