been used in slave-raiding, and the natives' purchase of liquor has of course been productive of everything but satisfactory results. In both Nyasaland and Nigeria the British Government faces disheartening conditions, but the success obtained in India, Egypt, the Sudan, and elsewhere may well afford encouragement to those intrusted with the administration of these two African provinces, even though the difficulties to be met with should exceed those already experienced. The work is superbly printed.

Nature Studies in Berkshire. By John Coleman Adams. Illustrated. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York. 62× 10 in. 225 pages. $2.50. The longing which these pages arouse for field and hillside bears tribute to the skill and grace with which Mr. Adams writes of the Berkshire country. He has climbed its mountains for trillium and arbutus, strayed beside its brooks, watched its cornfields grow, and somewhat of inspiration from cloud and forest has helped his descriptions of the indescribable-the charm of a summer day-and his interpretation of thicket and river. One of the most delightful of the chapters is "A Berkshire Flood"-not the sweep of springtime freshets, but the flood of sunshine on a bright August day. In the late afternoon he goes out to watch the color glowing on meadow and mountainside, and to see the waves of sunlight roll backward toward the west as the sun declines. It is a pity that so beautiful a book should be so heavy to the hand.

Our Fate and the Zodiac: An Astrological Autograph Book. By Margaret Mayo. Brentano's, New York. 5x8 in. 135 pages. $1.25.

This is a volume of great merit as regards print and paper. It is an astrological autograph book-an elaboration of the book entitled Fate Autographs."

66

Penelope's Irish Experiences. By Kate Doug

las Wiggin. Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston. 42x74 in. $1.25.

The third volume in this fresh and delightful series completes what may be called " The Penelope Trilogy" by the marriage of the only unattached woman of the group. The first act of this drama in three parts was laid in England, the second in Scotland, and the third properly in Ireland. Opinions will vary with regard to the excellence of the three books. To many, Penelope's English experiences appeal most directly, and to such the earliest volume seems most artistic; to many more, however, Penelope's Scotch experiences mark the highest point of spontaneous humor, keen perception, and a delightful style. The three books are notable for freshness, for pervading humor, with a good deal of wit, and for delightful descriptive quality. The Outlook has already commented at length on Kate Douglas Wiggin's fresh and very human genius; it may have occasion to comment again and at length on the same subject. Poor Boys' Chances. By John Habberton. (Young People's Library.) Illustrated. The Henry Altemus Co., Philadelphia. 5x64 in. 280 pages. 50c.

This compact volume consists of brief biographies of the youth and later careers of five

of our Presidents, and others of our famous men. Different as are the types of men presented, they are alike alone in inheriting, as Henry Clay says of himself, "infancy and indigence." They all possessed the qualities of industry, perseverance, and use of opportunities, even the slightest. The value in after years of giving attention to the work at hand to be done is strikingly illustrated by the fact that the system of treasury accounting instituted by Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of the Treasury was the outcome of his mastery of bookkeeping when a store boy of fourteen in the West Indies.

Practical Golf. By Walter J. Travis. Illustrated. Harper & Bros., New York. 5×8 in. 225 pages. $2.

Mr. Travis is the best known of golf-players, and this book should be sufficient evidence to any one who has not seen him play that he also takes first rank as a student of golf. Out of his long and varied experience he has worked out the principles of the game, and has set them down in this book for the benefit of others. The book's value is greatly increased by a series of instantaneous photographs showing various strokes. Mr. Travis's style is clear and forcible, and all players who have not already read the text as it has appeared in the magazine called "Golf" should immediIt is certain to ately read it in book form. receive quick appreciation. Railway Mail Service: A Comparative Study of Railway Rates and Service. By George G. Tunell, Ph.D. The Lakeside Press, Chicago. 512x84 in. 214 pages.

This is an elaborate defense of the rates charged by railways for carrying the mails. Many of the author's contentions have already

been examined in these columns, but there is one which we have not examined, and which deserves attention, as other railroad advocates are using it. We refer to Mr. Tunell's criticism of the estimates of Professor Henry C. Adams, of Ann Arbor and of the Inter-State Commerce Commission, the expert employed by the Postal Commission to examine the question here discussed. Professor Adams reported that the railways charged much more per hundred pounds for carrying mail from New York to Buffalo than for carrying express matter. Mr. H. S. Julier, the General Manager of the American Express Company, objected to the comparison on the ground that relatively few express packages weighed one hundred pounds, and therefore that the hundred-pound rate cited by Professor Adams did not represent the average amount paid by the express companies for the service dered to them. The average express package, said Mr. Julier, weighs only thirty pounds, and there are so few large packages and so many small ones that a seven-pound package is really the most typical. Upon the basis of this reasoning Mr. Julier insisted upon comparing the payment of the express companies for carrying seven-pound packages with the payment of the Government for carrying carloads and trainloads of through mail. To most readers it would seem that the Government was entitled to less than the hundredpound express rate upon which Professor

en

Adams figured, but Mr. Tunell insists upon comparing the Government rate with the seven-pound express rate. That Mr. Julier should have urged this basis was clever, but that Mr. Tunell should follow him is not so clever. Had he taken the trouble to examine the report of the American Express Company, published in the Census of 1890, he would have found that its total payments to the railways on 24,000,000 packages, or 720,000,000 pounds, was but $4,900,000, whereas if the seven-pound rate had been typical-2 cents a pound-the payment would have been over $14,000,000. Mr. Tunell's "typical" figures, therefore, may be divided by three.

Russian Life in Town and Country. By Francis H. E. Palmer. Illustrated. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York. 5x7 in. 320 pages. $1.20.

This is the latest addition to an interesting and valuable series of books interpretative of national art and character. The present volume deals with Russian life in all its aspects in town and country; with the noble, the peasant, the official, the priest, and the working classes, with the conditions of Jewish life in town, with the Church, with religious thought and ritual, with Dissenters, with society, and with town and country life. The writer is thoroughly in sympathy with his subject, and, without parting with his critical insight, interprets Russian life as the life of every people ought to be interpreted-from its own standpoint.

Social Control: A Survey of the Foundations

of Order. By Edward Alsworth Ross, Ph.D. (The Citizen's Library.) The Macmillan Co., New York. 5x7 in. 463 pages. $1.25.

This is the work of a sociologist of intellectual vigor, independent judgment, and strong common sense. Of these endowments the last named is the most important, for in the classroom, as in the conference-room of every sort, the man whose judgment on social questions weighs is the one who has best observed the common life about him. The greatest sociologists, the men whose social philosophies exercise the greatest control over all thinking people, are the men like Franklin and Lincoln, who had common sense until it amounted to genius; and not the men who pass judgment on social problems in the light of ill-comprehended biological phenomena. In Professor Ross's book there is no biology and no pedantry of any sort though even Professor Ross's work may be stronger when he gathers the freedom to quote less often from the authorities and speak more often from his own acute observation of social facts and keen insight into social forces. However, it is ungracious to criticise the occasional evidences of bookishness in a sociology pre-eminently drawn from life rather than books. The subject matter of the volume is a discussion of the forces by which men are really governedgoverned in every part of their innermost lives, when what is called "government" affects only a small part of their outward conduct. The forces dealt with-the opinions, sympathies, faiths, forms, etc., of those about us-compel the author to touch upon almost every phase of the social life of man. In a survey so comprehensive, by a man who thinks for

himself, there are, it is needless to say, many judgments which are not the common judgment and many which are not our own, but the whole is so full of suggestiveness, and often so invigorating, that the work must be characterized as one of unusual power. Specimens of the Short Story. Edited by George Henry Nettleton, Ph.D. Henry Holt & Co., New York. 4×64 in. 229 pages. 50c. Dr. Nettleton's selections are interesting. For what may be termed a sketch-the study of narrative in its lowest terms-he chooses

Lamb's " Superannuated Man;" for the tale, pure and simple, Irving's "Rip Van Winkle"that first great creation of American fiction; for an allegory. Hawthorne's "Great Stone Face;" for a detective story, Poe's "Purloined Fogarty;" for a story of incident, Dickens's Letter;" for a burlesque, Thackeray's "Phil "Doctor Manette's Manuscript;" for a psychological story, Stevenson's "Markheim;" and for a local-color story, Mr. Bret Harte's "Outcasts of Poker Flat." These are not only good specimens of the best narration; for the study of the art of narrative composithey also present peculiarly profitable material tion. The introductions prefixed to the separate stories include a short biography of the particular story-teller, a bibliography of his representative works, a review of his special literary qualities, and a discussion of the circumstances attending the composition selected, together with the points which aid in its interpretation. Sundry notes at the end of the volume helpfully explain certain difficulties of the text; these notes would have been more directly helpful, however, had they been printed at the bottom of the pages.

Supreme Crime (The). By Dorothea Gerard

(Madame Longard de Longgarde). Thomas Y. Crowell & Co., New York. 5X7 in. 300 pages. This is a singular story. It treats of a peculiar people, namely, a Ruthenian colony in Austria who hold to the tenets of the Greek or Eastern Christian Church, and yet are in some way under the jurisdiction of Rome. Some readers will probably learn for the first time of the existence of such a people from the perusal of this story. It seems that marriage is allowed to their clergy, as it is in the Greek Church; but if the clergyman is not married up to the day of taking orders, he is not permitted to marry afterwards, but must remain a celibate. The story hinges on the efforts of a young man to escape this fate. He becomes betrothed to the daughter of a priest before beginning his ecclesiastical studies, and later falls in love with her sister, who dies mysteriously on the eve of her marriage to him. He marries the other sister, who has all along loved him, and whom everybody but he believes to have poisoned her sister. The story is complicated and the dénouement a surprise. There is much probing into character and picturing of unusual customs. The story is not pleasant, but is likely to interest readers of a psychological turn of mind. Ten Days Abroad. By H. S. Fuller. The School News Co., New York. 44X74 in. 167 pages. $1.25.

This narrative appeals specially to those who

are not aware how much rest and recreation can be got in a very short vacation over sea. Mr. Fuller, as an editor, knows how to tell the story entertainingly to those whom he would induce to imitate his venture.

Tarr and McMurry Geographies. Third Book. Europe and Other Continents, with Review of North America. Illustrated. By Ralph S. Tarr, B.S., F.G.S.A., and Frank McMurry, Ph.D. The Macmillan Co., New York. 52x71⁄2 in. 574 pages. 75c. It is difficult to praise too highly the plan of this series. The first volume treated of the earth as a whole; the second comprised a study of North America only; the present discusses Europe and other continents. A salient excellence of the series lies in its maps. The political maps are restfully unburdened with unnecessary detail; while they give the main features of the relief of the various countries, half-tone illustrations of a set of continent models also appear in their proper places. These are supplemented by many maps illustrating climatic sections, the location of cities, the density of population, the distribution of products, and the network of railways. There are also tables of areas and populations, and, lastly, a pronouncing vocabulary, in which, however, readers will hardly agree as to a few of the pronunciations recommended. Another salient feature is the generous use of illustrations in general, thus doubling the value of the always interesting text. As to that text itself, like the preceding work, so here, physiography (or physical geography) is considered the basis for the causal series of facts. The authors show that altitude, glacial action, ocean currents, winds, may be traced to individual countries in such a manner that any student can grasp the connection. Their volumes are extremely informative, and invite the student to go beyond

the text into original research. This is felt whether the authors treat of physiography, climate, or history, or of all three, pointing out their relation to a particularly striking natural development; whether they show the relation of industries or of cities to one another; whether they give the reasons for sea-supremacy, for colonies, or for foreign commerce. Finally, we would call attention to a special feature of the present volume. Whatever condition of Europe or of other continents is described, the corresponding situation in our own country is always reproduced. The authors thus insure the helpfulness of their volume; the understanding of conditions in foreign lands may be thoroughly mastered only by using a previous knowledge of our own country as a basis of comparison.

Thou Art the Man. By Frederic W. Pangborn. Wright & Co., New York. 5×74 in. 82 pages.

That toleration is granted to scandals as well as infirmities, and that discipline is not as strong a point in the modern as in the old-time Puritan church, is the fact on which this fiction rests. It relates how a certain minister took up his cross in this matter, and how his church was the gainer by the loss of some prominent "pillars." The merit of the story is in its moral; its style is newspaperish.

Training of the Body for Games, Athletics, Gymnastics, and Other Forms of Exercise (The). By F. A. Schmidt, M.D., and Eustace H. Miles, M.A. Illustrated. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York. 6x9 in. 520 pages. $2.50.

We strongly commend this valuable book. The author's position that games confer much more benefit than mere physical exercises, by reason of the pleasure which accompanies them, is gaining ground. We are now encouraging those sports which permit a large number to participate, rather than those for a thousand onlookers and ten performers. Mr. Miles declares that games cannot be learned to the best advantage by simply trying to play them, that the muscular movements required should be practiced separately, and poise and position mastered. The book contains chapters on anatomy and physiology, fully illustrated, a careful account of each athletic sport-bowling, boxing, fencing, and all the rest-with cuts showing the physical movements involved, and an appendix on proper food. The author urges that bicycle-riding should not be allowed to take the place of all other forms of exercise. Ride your wheel by all means, he says, as a means of locomotion, but do not let it supersede the sports which give more of an all-round development.

Two Men and Some Women. By Walter Marion Raymond. The Abbey Press, New York. 54x8 in. 160 pages. $1. This little book has apparently been written by a very young man imbued with a very serious purpose. While in form a story, it is in effect a plea for chastity in young men through the picturing of resistance to temptation by one youth. The literary style is that of a bright newspaper writer, who measures social life from glimpses caught while on reportorial duty. A glimpse given of a high-life enter

tainment at the house of a Mrs. Van Wynd, of Chicago, would convey the impression that society in that city could hardly be measured by the standards of Eastern towns, where, however vicious the private conduct of society women, they certainly do not display vice so crudely. The writer needs a broader knowledge of life and social complexities before handling themes which at best are apt to leave a very bad taste in the mouth of the reader.

Verses. By Helen R. Hamersley Stickney. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York. 44x7 in. 125 pages. $1.

We commend the spirit of these verses, but in expression they lack the ring of poetry. When the Gates Lift Up Their Heads.

By

Payne Erskine. Little, Brown & Co., Boston. 5×8 in. 445 pages. $1.50.

This is a very strong and well-worked-out story of Southern conditions during the seventies. The features are social rather than political. A young man returns to visit the old haunts and scenes of his fathers before the war. The pictures of his reception and recognition by negroes and whites alike are lifelike and interesting. There are Northern people who rent an ancient mansion and grounds and take boarders with the hope of bettering their fortunes. The complications and contrasts of character are cleverly touched. We feel that the author has his subject well in

hand. There is a great deal of spontaneous humor, some pathos, and plenty of dramatic incident. The story is much above the average. Wilderness Road (The). By Joseph A. Altsheler. D. Appleton & Co., New York. 5x71⁄2 in. 379 pages. $1.50.

A thrilling and interestingly told story of the remarkable expansion movement in the eighteenth century, when the men of Kentucky cut their way westward and northward in quest of adventure and new territory. It deals with the romantic side of Wayne's victory and St. Clair's defeat-the campaign that divided an

empire. It is a romance of heroism, adventure, and love under difficulties that called for dauntless courage and devotion; a bold, wholesome, inspiring story.

With a Policeman in South Africa. By E. W. Searle. Illustrated. The Abbey Press, New York. 514×8 in. 75c.

This single leaf from a wide experience of the world is written by a hand skilled in photographing what strikes the eye. The hero, son of a British army officer, is no "tenderfoot" and no saint. The tale of his adventures and frolics is good entertainment for a leisure hour.

"The darkest hour is just before the dawn." Is it? If it is, what is the philosophy of it?

L. H. Not true in the physical, it is sometimes verified in the spiritual meaning of a hope which is at its lowest ebb when its realization begins to dawn.

Can any one give the title and author and tell where I may find the poem of which the following is the first stanza:

"I dreamed a dream in the midst of my slumbers,
And as fast as I dreamed it was coined into numbers.
I dreamed that a law had been recently made
That a tax on old bachelors' pates should be laid,
And to make them all willing to marry

The tax was as great as a man could well carry."

T.

I believe somebody or some organization gave
General Sheridan a tapestry during or following the
War of the Rebellion. Can some one tell me what
was the subject of the tapestry? Who gave it?
Where is it now?
G. M.

In your issue of May 11 "E. G. B.” asks for
the author of "Sow an act and you reap a habit,"
etc. The author is George D. Boardman.
H. W. P.
"P. B. Y." will find "Ces Messieurs" in Vol.
XXVII. of "Lippincott's Magazine," the March
number (No. 159) for 1881.
S.

I notice in The Outlook for May 25 an in

quiry for the authorship of the lines "The hand that rocks the cradle is the hand that rules the world." Since I have in my possession a true statement of the authorship, obtained about three years past, I am very glad to send it to you: "The hand that rocks the cradle is the hand that rules the world' is a sentiment the authorship of which has bothered the compilers of quotation books' for some time. In working upon the revision of the Hoyt-Ward Cyclopedia of Practical Quotations,' Miss Kate Louise Roberts, of Newark, N. J., prosecuted a successful search for the author of these lines, and in a letter to the Critic' tells the result: Many years ago John Brougham, Lester Wallack, Artemus Ward, and others, used to meet after the play at Windhurst's in Park Row. One night the question, "What rules the world?" arose, and various opinions were expressed. William Ross Wallace, who was present, retired before long, and some time later called Thomas J. Leigh from the room and handed to him a poem which he had just written. Mr. Leigh read it aloud to the company, and Mr. Brougham made a happy little speech of acknowledgment.' The poem thus written by Wallace was entitled 'What Rules the World,' and each stanza-there are five ends with the lines:

For the hand that rocks the cradle Is the hand that rules the world.' Miss Roberts obtained these facts from Mr. Leigh, who was seventy-one years old. She was told that he and Isaiah Moran-at that time seventy-six-were the only survivors of the little party that heard the first reading of the poem." E. T. R.

Can any one tell me who wrote the poem closing with the lines,

"All who near to God abide

Are in some sense countrified"?

Also, where can the poem be obtained? H. E. R. The passage referred to in the query of "E. B. G." (May 11) comes from the Sermons of Robertson. I am unable at this moment to furnish the exact reference. A. C. B.

"A. M. Y.," who inquires, May 18, about "concentration," might be interested in the Herbartian doctrine of Interest, as set forth in almost any book about Herbart, like "Introduction to the Principles and Practice of Education" (Ginn & Co.), or Professor John Dewey, "Interest as Related to the Will," Herbart YearBook, Second Supplement, 1895, University of Chicago. W. J. M.

J. G. B.-Our reply by mail having failed to reach you, we would say that "Evolution and its Relation to Religious Thought," by Professor Le Conte, University of California (D. Appleton & Co., New York, $1.50), is the sort of book you want.

Vol. 68

No Third Term

The country may be glad that Senator Depew, in an interview, urged the nomination of Mr. McKinley for a third term, since it brought from the latter a brief, perfectly explicit letter, the gist of which is contained in the following sentence: "I not only am not and will not be a candidate for a third term, but would not accept a nomination for it if it were tendered me." We are not among those who think that any harm to the United States would result if a President could be elected for three or even more successive terms. On the contrary, we are inclined to the belief that it would be a distinct advantage if American traditions resembled in this respect the English traditions. In England the triumph of the Liberal party necessarily implied the appointment of Mr. Gladstone as Prime Minister, as the triumph of the Conservative party necessarily implied at one time Lord Beaconsfield, at another Lord Salisbury, as Prime Minister. Such a tradition prevents faction within the party, and tends to secure the ablest if not the best man in the party as its permanent leader. But, whatever advantages or disadvantages there might be in the eligibility of a President for more than two terms, the practice of the country for many years, established and confirmed by the failure to nominate General Grant for a third term, has made this American tradition a part of the unwritten constitution. It would be bad politics at any time for a party to disregard it; it would be especially bad politics at the present time, with charges of imperialism current against the Republican party, which would certainly be reinforced by the disregard of the American tradition on this subject. There is no lack of men in sympathy with the general policy of the present Administration, and with political ability not inferior to that of the President under

No. 8

whom that policy has been thus far carried forward, out of any one of whom an entirely competent and able President could be made. We are not in the business of nominating Presidents; but the list would certainly include Vice-President Roosevelt, Secretary Root, Judge Taft, Governor Odell; doubtless twice as many more equally capable could easily be added to the list of possible candidates.

Massachusetts is witnessing a striking illustration of the power which corporation influence is able to obtain over legislative bodies. In that Commonwealth, fortunately, Governor Crane has been on the alert to protect the public, but most of the legislators-and most of the Boston newspapers-oppose his recommendations. When it is remembered that Governor Crane himself is a man of large business interests, and commands, to an exceptional degree, the confidence of business men, the strength of the corporation's grasp which he undertook to break becomes all the more noteworthy. The matter at issue related to the extension of the subway system of Boston under Washington Street. The Tremont Street subway, now in operation, was built by the city, with money borrowed at 31⁄2 per cent., and was then leased for twenty years to the Boston Elevated Company at a minimum rental of 4% per cent. on the net cost, with provision for further compensation to the city proportioned to the volume of business after passing a given limit. Obviously, as the city will soon begin to derive additional rental from the expanding traffic through the subway, these terms suffice to meet the city's interest charge and gradually to pay the debt incurred, leaving the subway clear to the city, possibly within twenty years, and

The Boston Subway Again