Mozooradar, Protap Chunder, 664. Munkacsy, Michael de, 661. Xorris, Frank, 762. O'Brien, William J., 691. O'Connell, James, 526. Olivier, Commandant, 534. Overstreet, Jesse, 13. Paget, Sir James, 155. Pasco, Samuel, 133. Pasha,Ghazi Osman Nubar. 538. Paton, Rev. John G., 407. Payn, Louis F., 268. Pettigrew, Richard F., 394. Phelan, James D., 22. Phelps, Edward J., 409. Pierson. Rev. Arthur T.. 170. Pilar, Gen. Gregorio del, 271. Purves, Rev. George T., 156. Reitz, F. W., 401. Remington. Frederic, 758. Rhodes, Cecil, 403. Richardson, James D., 11. Rives, George L., 651. Robertson, Rev. James, 549. Roberts, Field Marshal Lord, 2, 187, 189, 191, 192. Roberts, Lady, 192. Rostand, Edmond, 355. Ruskin, John, 258, 291, 294, 296, 300. Salisbury, Lady, 153. Salisbury, Lord, 149. Sankey, Ira D., 167. Sawyer, Philetus, 536. Schalk-Burger, General, 580. Quarterly Journal of Economics reviewed, 624. Race Conference, Southern, at Montgomery, 655. Radicalism—East and West, 344. Railroad as an Educator of the People, 214. Railroad-Building in America and Elsewhere, 139, 140. Rassegna Naztonale reviewed, 375. Record of Current Events, 23, 153, 282, 409, 536, 662. Referendum, Demand for the, 87. Referendum Votings, Swiss, Race and Religion in, 485. Refunding Law in Operation, 711. Revista Contemporanca reviewed, 630. Revue des Paris reviewed, 111, 244, 629, 755. Revue des Deux Mondes reviewed, 110, 243, 3?2, 502, 628, 754. Rhine-Elbe Canal—A Feature in German Politics, 457. Rouillion, Louis. Summer Camps for Boys, 697. Ruskin, John : Poet, Painter, and Prophet, 289. Asia, Russian Railroad Policy in, 82. England and Russia, 406. Japan and Russia in the Far East, 406, 721. Russia in Turkey and Corea, 535. Russia's Hay-Making Schemes, 266. Salvation- Army: The "Darkest England" Scheme,217. Samoan Partition Ratified, 143. San Francisco's Projects, Mayor Phelan and, 21. Sawtell, R. W. The Author of " Lorna Doone," 586. Science, Modern, Gain to Rome from, 90. Scrihner's Magazine reviewed, 100, 234, 362, 493, 617, 746. Servia, King Milan of, 83. Severance, Mary Harriman. James J. Hill, a Builder Sewanee Review reviewed, 367. Shaw, Albert. "Learning by Doing" at Hampton, 417. Shaw, Albert. Paris and the Exposition of 1900, 679. Silliman, Reuben D. The Bubonic Plague in Hono- Simplon Tunnel, 348. "Ski-J limping," 225. Slavery Question, New, 737. Slaves Under Moslem Law. Emancipation of, 328. South America, Across, in a Gunboat, 351.' Southern Mountaineer, 303. Speaker's Influence on Legislation, 85. Stead, W. T. The Perilous Position of England, 195. Steamship, Biggest, in the World, 591. Steel-Makers, Great, of Pittsburg, and the Frick-Car- Stein der Wclsen reviewed, 247. Stevens, Albert C. Fraternal Insurance, 59. Stottlemyer, Worth B. The Balance-Sheet of a Small Strike Epidemic, 525, 526, 651. Subsidies: American Merchant Marine, 319. Subsidies, Steamship, Policy of, 325. Sugar, French and English, 475. Sugar Situation in the Tropics, 84. Swiss Referendum Votings, Race and Religion in, 485. Tavexer, Lucking. John Ruskin: Poet, Painter, and Prophet, 289. Tiger Hunter. Woman as, 97. Time. Standard: How It is Obtained, 92. Trade: see also Trusts. American Merchant Marine, 319. British Trade, Forty Years of, 476. "Industrials," Erratic, 528. Metal Prices, Slump in, 652. Prosperity and Railroad-Building, 139. Prosperity, The New, 598. Trade Alliance. New, in England, 216. Trade Reaction Impending? Is a, 354. Advance of Lord Roberts from Bloemfontein, 659. After the War—What ?, 408. American Opinion on the War, 262, 467. Bloemfontein, Occupation of, 398. Boer as a Campaigner, 79. Boer Envoys in the United States, 658. Boer Lines, Inside the, 612. Boers. Military Loaders of the, 573. Boer Strength and Weakness, 152. Botha, Louis, the Boer Commander, 578. British-Boer Negotiations of August, 1899, 341. Brvce, Mr., on the South African War, 75. Butler's Attempts to Reach Ladysmith, 150-152, 266. Buller, Sir Kedvers, 206. "Capitalist's War," 208. Chamberlain, Mr., and the War, 14. Civil War, South African Campaign Paralleled in Climate and Contour of South Africa, 471. Colenso, Buller's Disaster at, 15. Cronje, General, and His Capture, 397, 575. Delagoa Bay', Neutral Trade with, 147-149. England's Justification in South Africa, 342. England, "Stop-the-War" Movement in, 262, 263. English and Dutch in the Past. 81. Experts, British Military, on the War, 207. Germany. War a Blow to, 604. Gold, South African, Mining Expert on, 76. Independence Denied by England, 402. International Law and the Boer War, 600. Irish Attitude Toward the War, 263, 264. Italian General on the War, 335. Jameson Raid, Before the, 340. Japanese Press and the Boer War, 722. Joubert, General, Sketch of, 573. Kimberley, Relief of, 267, Kriiger, Mrs., and Miss Rhodes, 725. Kriiger, President Paul, 724. Ladysmith, Relief of, 397. Mafeking, Relief of, 659. Magersfontein, Lord Methuen's Defeat at, 18. Miiller, Max, and Theodor Mommsen, on the Boer Numbers, Relative, of the Contending Forces, 260. Objects of the War, 401. Opinion of Mankind at Large. 17. Orange Free State, British "Reconstruction" in the Overtures for Peace on March 5, 401. Political Future of the Transvaal, 403. Pretoria, Forts at, 726. Problems of the Transvaal War, 334. Progress of the War, 14-19, 149-152, 266, 267, 397-399, Rhodes, Cecil. French View of, 603. Roberts Field Marshal Lord: A Character Sketch, Roberts, Lord, Appointed Commander-in-Chief, and Russiau and German Opinions of England's Course, Signaling in South Africa, 471. South Africa, What Might have Been in, 469. Spi.m Kop, and Vaiilkrantz, British Defeuts at, 266. Stormberg, Gatacre's Disaster at, 18. Strategy, Superior, of the Boers, 400. Women of Krliger's People. 77. Treaties. Hay-Pauncefote and Clayton-Bulwer, Text of the, 330. American Steel and Wire Company Affairs, 652. Books, Four, on Trusts, 449. Evolution of the Trust, 86. Ice Trust in New York, 653. "Industrials," Erratic, 528. Monopolies, Professor Ely's Classification of, 599. Publicity : A Remedy for the Evils of Trusts, 445. Railroad Mergers, Gigantic, 529. Standard Oil Company. Profits of the, 529. Third Avenue Railroad, New York, Financial Break- Underground Transit in New York and Elsewhere, 136-138. Cuba, Guam, Hawaii, Philippines, Political Affairs, Porto Rico, Samoa. Nicaragua Canal, The United States and the, 277-28!. Van Bergen, R. Japan's New Era, 459. Vice-President, Functions of the, 5. Victoria, Queen : What Kind of a Sovereign is She f, 786. Font Fels zuin Mccr reviewed, 246. Voshod reviewed, 374. Voting Machine, New, 221. Balloons in War, 727. Bloch, M. de, Criticism of, 602. Cables iu War-Time, 838. Gunnery Terms Explained, 79. Losses in Modern \\ arfare, 470. Signaling in South Africa, 471. Surprises of War, 149. Youth versus Age in Generalship, 337. ance, 464. Woman Workers: How they Live in London, 491. Yale Review reviewed, 623. Youth versus Age in Generalship, 337. Xi it reviewed, 247. Edited By Albert Shaw. CONTENTS FOR JANUARY, 1900. Field Marshal Lord Roberts Frontispiece The Last Year of the Century 8 As to Leap Year aud the Gregorian Calendar... 3 Will Russia Drop the "Old-Style" Reckoning? 8 The Century as a History-Making Influence 8 The Century-End and the Hague Conference... 4 Senators, Ratify and Smooth the Path of Historv! 1 Functions of the Vice-President 5 Mr. Hobart's Public Influence 5 Republican Plans for the Presidential Year 6 Another "Kraof Good Feeling" 7 Pending Questions—(1) Porto Rico 8 Mr. McKiuley on the Philippine Question 9 Luzon and the Progress of the War 10 Mr. Henderson in the Speaker's Chair 11 Monetary Bills to the Front 12 The Gold Standard as Republican Doctrine 12 Metallic Versus Ideal Money 12 The House Bill Passed on December 18 13 Mr. Chamberlain's War in South Africa 14 The Opinion of Mankind at Large 17 Disasters to the Armies Led by Methuen and Lord Methuen's Defeat at Magersfontein 18 The British Outlook at Large 20 Mayor Phelan and San Francisco's Projects 21 With portraits of William McKinley, the late Garret A. History of the Month in Caricature 37 With reproductions from American and foreign journals. With portraits of Mr. Hay, Mrs. Hay, Adelbert Hay, Our Interests in China—A Question of the What the Arbitration Treaty Is and Is Not .. 50 Text of the International Agreement for the Arbitration of -Differences as Drawn Up and Signed at the Hague Conference 51 The Vital Question of Pure Food 67 The Economics of the Klondike 70 'With illustrations. Leading Articles of the Month— Mr. Bryce on the South African War 75 A Mining Expert on South African Gold 76 The Women of Krtiger's People 77 English and Dutch in the Past 81 Russian Railroad Policy in Asia 82 Italians in the United States. 84 The Sugar Situation in the Tropics 84 The Speaker's Influence on Legislation 85 The Demand for the Referendum 87 The Crime of American Parents 88 The Gain to Rome from Modern Science 90 How Standard Time is Obtained 92 The Natural Right to a Natural Death 95 A Woman's Visit to Manila During the War The I.iondon "Leading Article" 99 With portrait of Madame Kruger and other illustrations. FIELD MARSHAL LORD ROBERTS. (Appointed in December to command all the British forces in South Africa.) The American Monthly Review of Reviews. Vol. XXI. NEW YORK, JANUARY, 1900. NO. 1. THE PROGRESS OF THE WORLD. „ , Only twelve months remain in which The Last J . ... , . , rear of the to set in order all the things that Century. be]ong t0 the expiring century, to the end of giving it a decent dismissal and to save the coming century from the handicap of an unfairly large burden of arrearage. There has been a rather curious misapprehension in the minds of many people' as to the proper location of the year upon which we are just entering; and even in print there has been a good deal of allusion to the year now ended as the closing one of the nineteenth century. A half minute's clear thinking is enough to remove all confusion. With December 31 we complete the year 1899— that is to say, we round out 99 of the 100 years that are necessary to complete a full century. We .must-give the nineteenth century the 365 days that belong to its hundredth and final year before we begin the year 1 of the twentieth century. P'or some reason the mathematical faculty usually works far more keenly in monetary affairs than elsewhere ; and none of the people who have proposed to allow ninety-nine years to go for a century would suppose that a ninetecnhundred-dollar debt had been fully met by a tender of $1,899. There would remain due just one hundred cents. As to Leap It is to be borne in mind that the year YeGreg"riane 1900 'S n0t a leaP yeftr- although di Calendar, visible by four. Under the Gregorian calendar the year consists approximately of 365 days, 5 hours, 49 minutes, and 12 seconds. The accumu'ated surplus over and above the 365 days amounts, in the course of a century, to very nearly 24^ days. To indulge in a leap year every four years would require enough remnants of time stuff to make up 25 days for every cen tury. The arrangement in practical use allows 24 leap years each for three consecutive centuries, and then gives the fourth century 25'such days. Thus, though it is not likely to concern many of us in an immediate, practical way, it may be remarked that the twentieth century will be one day longer than the nineteenth, since it is arranged that the twenty-fifth leap year which is assigned to every fourth century shall be brought into the calendar of the year that is divisible by 400. The failure to sacrifice three quadrennial leap years—that is to say, three extra days in every four centuries—has led to the discrepancy between what is known as the Julian, or old-style calendar, and the Gregorian. wni The old-style calendar simply reckons tSs"ou°atyit" tl)e year as consisting of 365J days, Reckoning? and takes care of the fractions by giving 366 days to every fourth year. The Rus sians, for civil and ecclesiastical purposes, have maintained the old style, without any readjustment, since the time of the Council of Nice, about the year 325, with the consequence that the discrepancy has grown to some twelve days. It is interesting to note the report that the Russians are about to abandon the old style and simply adopt the Gregorian calendar as in current use among all other leading nations. To do this now in the days of newspapers, telegraphs, and international communication will be a comparatively simple and easy matter, just as it has been found perfectly easy for American localities to cease regu lating their clocks by the sun dial and to adopt "railroad time." Intercourse with the outside world has made it necessary for Russia to keep a double reckoning, and it is simpler as well as more accurate to drop {he Julian system altogether and to observe the Gregorian. |