indiscretions. They may occur without any apparent cause, and at times are accompanied with vomiting. Patient has taken much medical treatment, but with only temporary results; she has had her eyes tested and now wears glasses, but she still has the headaches. Corset and other superfluous garments are removed and patient sits erect on a stool with bared back to us. Inspection shows the normal posterior curve somewhat deficient, with a consequent decrease of the anterior lumbar curve, thus producing a straight spine. Such a flat upper dorsal, thru the cervical sympathetics, has been responsible for headaches, but as the condition here is slight we note it only as a possible cause. We look for lateral or other abnormal curvatures, for these too may produce headaches. To facilitate this search we have the patient curve her spine posteriorly, bringing the spinal column more prominently into view. No lateral curvature being present, we note if in flexion, extension, and rotation of the spine any of the vertebral articulations are immovable. We know that immovable or impacted vertebrae are frequently associated with muscular, ligamentous or osseous lesions giving rise to fibrous or bony ankylosis, which conditions may produce headaches either directly or reflexly owing to centers and organs involved. These impacted and immovable vertebrae are more common in the lower dorsal region affecting the splanchnics, producing renal, hepatic, gastric, or intestinal disorders and reflex headaches therefrom. Finding no such lesions, we have patient place hands on her knees, draw scapulae well forward, and curve spine posteriorly, thereby bringing into view all the spinous processes from the seventh cervical to the fifth lumbar. If she were fleshy we would be able to tell but little of the vertebrae by inspection, and would have to be guided more by palpation. We find the spine of the second dorsal vertebra noticeably to one side, and we mentally trace the nervous connection from the ciliary center at that point up thru the cervical sympathetics to the head and eye, thinking perhaps we have discovered the cause of the headaches as well as of her eye trouble. Cardiac disorders and consequential headaches may also be due to lesion in this area. Palpation elicits no tenderness nor other lesions of softer tissue, nor does the transverse processes of this vertebra appear more prominently on either side. Rotation of the head and shoulders shows normal motion in both directions between the second dorsal and the adjacent vertebra, and we see that what at first looked like a subluxated vertebra is but an abnormally deflected spine and of no significance. We notice an abnormal separation of the twelfth dorsal and first lumbar spines and think we have discovered a weakened articulation which thru the renal plexus might give rise to nephritic headaches, but we recall that normally these spines are separated more than those above and below, and closer examination shows the articulation to be normal. With an index finger on either side of the spines we now carefully inspect and palpate each articulation, noting carefully areas of increast or decreast temperature and of anesthesia or hyperesthesia, both superficial and deep. We note the condition of the muscles and fibrous tissue. Occasionally as our finger passes down the spinal column we find local areas of tenderness at some articulation and near by bundles of contracted muscle fibers which feel like whip cords as compared with the firm, elastic, normal muscle. Pressure on these contractions elicits soreness and pain. These lesions are associated with certain minor internal disorders. But as we are lookng for greater causes, we pass these by. At the lumbo-sacral articulation we find some tenderness and pain on pressure. Some tenderness is also found along the sacrum and we suspect some pelvic disorders, tho nothing serious nor sufficient to account for the patient's subjectiv symptoms. Examination of the coccyx shows it to be normal, and we exclude sympathetic headaches due to local irritation of the ganglion impar and other tissues in this region. in this region. We note carefully the position of the spines of the ilia to see if either of the structures is subluxated on the sacrum. Such lesions may cause pelvic disorders with headaches resulting. We now examin each rib at the angle, laterally, and anteriorly, noting if any are separated, approximated or twisted; also noting if the ribs as a whole are down, or if there are any other irregularities or abnormalities in the contour of the chest. With finger back of the middle and inner third of the clavicle we palpate the first rib, tracing it back toward its head; we also examin for tenderness over its head and along the first intercostal space to confirm our diagnosis of a normal first rib. Any of these costal lesions may produce internal disorders as previously shown and headaches may result therefrom. We now examin the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic viscera according to recognized methods for additional information of these parts. We also examin the rectum for piles, papillae and pockets, and to ascertain if the grip of the sphincter is deficient or excessiv. Varying the position of the patient from the perpendicular to the horizontal to facilitate matters, we now examin the head and the neck. We find the scalp normal as to tension and elasticity and exclude headache due to a contracted scalp. With neck thoroly relaxt we now examin the cervical vertebrae. With fingers back of the sterno-mastoid muscle we examin the anterior and lateral surface of the transverse processes of these vertebrae, noting if any are lateral, anterior or posterior in its relation to the vertebrae above or below; also noting if there is abnormal sensitivness between any of the vertebrae. By working the fingers deeply thru the posterior cervical muscles we palpate the posterior surfaces, confirming our findings on the anterior and lateral surfaces. We find much soreness and elicit pain by such pressure over the occipito atloid articulation. With fingers just back of the angle of the jaw, we detect the antero-lateral angle of the transverse process of the atlas which is normally about midway between the angle of the jaw and the mastoid process. By such palpation we determin if either transverse process of the atlas is more anterior than the other. Just below the back of the mastoid process we examin carefully to confirm our findings by comparing the posterior lateral angle of the transverse processes in their relation to the mastoids. We find the right transverse process more pos terior than the left; we therefore conclude that we have a subluxated atlas, the transverse process of which is posterior on the right or anterior on the left or both. Our knowledge of the relativ positions of these processes in their relation to the angle of the jaw and the mastoid processes, together with markt contractures of the oblique and recti muscles and other tissues in the sub-occipital region, and the exquisit tenderness on the right enables us to determin that the atlas is posterior on the right side. By carefully comparing these relativ positions of the transverse processes of the atlas and the mastoids we exclude subluxation of the atlas directly lateral on the occiput, which condition may coexist. As our examination up to this point has been practically negativ, we diagnose the case as a subluxation of the occipito-atloid articulation, the atlast being posterior on the right, or what is the same thing the occiput is anterior. This is This is our diagnosis, but for convenience we may call the condition headache because of the pain in the neck and head; gastric headache because the patient vomits; bilious headache because the ejecta contains bile; or a neurosis because we do not know the cause; migraine because we cannot cure it; the treatment is the same regardless of the name. As the patient now has a violent attack we will treat her both for permanent and temporary results. By firm but gentle flexion, extension, and rotation of the head, and by direct work upon the tissues themselves, we reduce the contractures and relax the parts. Steady pressure upon the contracted tissues will also relax them and is less irritating and painful. Flexing the head strongly to the left to thoroly relax and separate the occipito-atioid articulation, we then rotate the head far to the right, still retaining the flexion. This move will tend to slip the right side of the occiput backward upon the atlas to its normal position. Now that we have it there, with one thumb or finger against the right transverse process we hold it there and rotate the head back to its normal position. Or with patient sitting, one thumb against the posterior surface of the right transverse process to hold it, we rotate the head to the right, thus forcing the occiput backward on the right articular surface of the atlas. As the subluxation is an old one we will hardly expect to reduce it the first treatment, so after a treatment the severity and length of which is adapted to the individual case we ascertain if the headache still remains. The relaxation of the contracted tissues and separation of the articulation will frequently bring relief. If it has not done so, by strong steady pressure on the sub-occipital nerve which sends a branch to this articulation, we will stop the painful impulses and reflexly affect the vasomotor condition at the same time. Experience has amply demonstrated the possibility of these results. If vaso-motor disturbances are markt, we may obtain better results by stimulating or inhibiting the vaso-motor nerve in the upper dorsal region or at the superior cervical ganglion, which may be affected by working just in front of the transverse processes of the second and third cervical vertebrae. Inhibition or stimulation of the fifth cranial nerve at any or all its three points of emergence and of the pneumogastric nerve may be of service, as branches of these nerves supply the dura mater of the brain as well as the scalp. Such of these or other measures as may be indicated by the accompanying conditions and symptoms are sufficient to relieve most headaches. The repetition of the treatment just described for reducing the subluxation, with such accessory and palliative measures as may be indicated from time to time, will cause these attacks of headache to become less and less frequent, finally cease altogether, and our patient is cured. Thus it will be seen that all anatomical facts, all physiological learning, all pathological knowledge, all therapeutic theories, may be utilized in osteopathic diagnosis and treatment of disease. And now in closing I can only say that I have not expected by these few articles to con brethren. FOR MALARIA. Quin. sulf. Strych. arsenite Aloin Piperin gr. ij gr. 4 gr. 20 gr. Make one pill or capsule; one 4 to 6 times daily. I never knew this to fail in curing malaria. FOR ERYSIPELAS. Paint with the following: vert to osteopathy any of the many physicians way. Two of them I will here give to the who may chance to read these pages, even tho such conversion would add much to and detract nothing from their present armamentarium. If a few, only a very few, of those who have read these pages are made to think that perhaps there may be more in this system than they had thought, and if such thoughts should lead to further investigation of the subject, even to the examination of a few patients in the hope of finding some of the things of which I have spoken, then I shall feel that these pages have not been written in vain. these pages should cause any physician to look for a disordered human mechanism as a tangible cause of disease as well as into the testtube and miscrocope for the intangible, if it induces any to look for the cause of the socalled causes of disease, if it induces any to search for the "other fact" that will reconcile the seeming contradictory facts of therapeutics, then I shall feel repaid. If A word of caution: Do not pass the hand along the spinal column and expect to find there all the lesions the osteopath finds, any more than you would expect to read from a book for the blind before your fingers were educated. Many examinations are necessary to learn to read these writings along the spine, and much study and experience is necessary to interpret them correctly. The object of these articles is not so much to teach how to read these writings as to show that they are there and can be read. To those who would pursue this subject further I would recommend a physician's course in one of the reputable osteopathic colleges as the best way of mastering this subject; tho osteopathic works will impart much valuable information. Of these I especially recommend as suitable for physicians the following: "Principles of Osteopathy," by Dain L. Two Prescriptions for Malaria and Editor MEDICAL WORLD : — Druggists ought not to allow physicians to read one another's prescriptions. In a city where I was practising, a new doctor came and shortly afterward he was writing my prescriptions word for word, which he got in this Solid extract belladonna. Cocain hydr.. gr. vj This is also admirable for inflamed mammae. I am reading the story of New Zealand and am deeply interes ed. It seems that that small country, Great Britain, has been the only one to successfully colonize the world; one reason for it being the incorruptibility of her statesmen. All the French, Spanish and Dutch colonies in this country had to give way to, and merge into those created by England. The same obtains in Canada, where the French at one time were all-powerful. Each and every colony lost its national individuality, and the Anglo-Saxon to day rules the United States and Canada. Nothing but a revolution would be able to eradicate trusts, monopolies, and graft from our country. The latter is the curse of the age, a moral pestilence, which it seems New Zealand has never known. San Diego, Cal. ARTHUR A. COTTEW, M.D. Reply to Dr. Cottew on Homeopathy. Editor MEDICAL WORLD:-I, as a homeopath, will try to answer some of the questions of Dr. A. A. Cottew, found on page 394 of September WORLD. He starts out with the assertion that it is only by speaking as we think and feel that we get at the truth. Now let me say that when a man speaks what he thinks and feels about a subject of which he is perfectly ignorant (as the writing of Dr. C. shows him to be in regard to the principles and practise of homeopathy), he never gets at the truth nor helps any body else to get at the truth. If Dr. C. wants to write about homeopathy, let him first get Hahnemann's Organon of Healing and read it several times, then try some of the potentized drugs as homeopaths prescribe them, either with or without suggestion, and see if they cure, rather than take the word or follow the example of one whom he calls a most successful homeopath, who gives compound cathartic pills, quinin in three grain doses, etc., and then slanders homeopathy by calling himself a homeopath. No homeopath ever claimed that a whole bottle of fer. phos. 3x, or fluoric acid 3x would kill a dog, or that ten grains of fer. phos. would make a dog sick. I must confess however that a good deal might depend on the size of the bottle, and the size of the dog. Then Dr. C. tells us that the foundation of homeopathy is false, imaginary and indefinable. How does he know it is false, never having tried it? How does he know it is imaginary? since his imagination leads him so far from the truth in every statement he has made concerning homeopathy. How does he know that it is indefinable? since he has never studied its literature, and is utterly ignorant of its principles, but simply judges by his way of thinking. I wonder if he knows what he means by the overwhelming force of the vis medicatrix naturae? I know that vis medicatrix naturae is a very safe remedy and cheap; and I would advise Dr. C. to depend on that and suggestion entirely, since he believes that any doctor can give a purely suggestiv power to a substance. That may or may not be true. I never tried it, and will not condemn what I do not understand. When No sensible homeopath ever claimed that potentizing a drug makes any chemical change in it. As to the relief of neuralgia, sciatica or other neuritis, I can give almost as quick relief with homeopathic remedies as Dr. C. can with morphin. The difference is that his relief is temporary, mine is permanent. Hepatic colic is a symptom and not a disease. It is something which no medicin will cure. the gallstone has passed the pain is relieved. In such cases I would not hesitate to give morphin or chloroform for temporary relief, but not as a cure. Quinin in three grain doses might be homeopathic, since the small dose is not homeopathy; but the Taboo part of one grain would be better practise, since it would cure the same and leave no bad effect. But all good homeopaths draw the line at compound cathartic pills. And when Dr. C. states that his successful homeopath had to use them or drop out of the list of successful practicians, he states what is, to say the least, absurd, for no good homeopath resorts to cathartics, and we don't have to drop out. Napa, Cal. W. E. ALUMBAUGH, M.D. Editor MEDICAL WORLD:-Dr. Arthur A. Cottew (September WORLD, p. 394) gives his dog a bottle full of Fe. Phos. and fluoric acid 3x, and sees no results. Then gives 10 grs. Fe. Phos. crude and the dog "gets sick and vomits." A homeopath gives to seventy-five medical students and doctors Fe. Phos. crude, 3x, 6x, 30x and higher, each to a class to be repeated until effects are noted and all symptoms careNo fully written out. 'suggestions" are given as to name of remedy or symptoms likely to be experienced. The results are carefully 66 tabulated. Now I'll leave it to the Editor to decide who is likely to know more of the action of Fe. Phos. and the comparativ action of the different potencies. Try it Dr. Cottew. It ought to be worth while simply to prove the fallacy of homeopathy. Then your solemn declaration that "the foundation of homeopathy is false" wouldn't sound so foolish. One of the greatest homeopaths who ever lived (and I know plenty just like the "successful" one you refer to) was a man who began in this way a careful and thoro investigation with the intention to write an exhaustiv exposure of homeopathy. Others have attempted the same but results have never been publisht. And if you have the qualities to do this with careful attention to detail and unbiased mind, you too are the material for a good homeopath. I must thank you, Mr. Editor, for your "Monthly Talk," even if you were rather late in discovering populism with its proposed measures to limit industrial despotism. So late, in fact, that it now seems to many of us impossible to accomplish results in that way, for that party has far declined, while despotic power increases. But what's the matter with democracy? Instead of Limited Despotism, Industrial Democracy? Our forefathers did not simply limit the power of George III. They tried that and failed. Then they simply repudiated his assumed "divine right" to rule them, and put forth a new principle, that the right to rule belonged only to all the people collectivly. So I think we will be compelled to repudiate the claimed sacred rights of property, obtained like the monarch's throne, by fraud, cruelty and oppression, or by inheritance, and carrying with it a power to rule the destinies of others greater than George III ever possest, and declare that the world and all the means of existence are the property of all the people collectivly. Is financial conquest any more right than physical conquest, when its results are the same? But don't publish this part of my letter, Mr. Editor, if it will cause the moss-backs to croak. Union, Ore. A. W. VINCENT, M.D. [I am not afraid of the moss-backs. Let them croak if they want to. You seem to think that populism is a new thing to me. I carefully studied the money question before I was of age-in 1876. I was much interested in the populist movement in the early '90's. I regarded the Omaha platform as a great document, and still so regard it, in its essential features. When I heard Bryan's great speech in Chicago in 1896 I knew that the phenomenal rise of populism as such-as a separate entity-was doomed. The democratic party took the wind out of the sails of populism. If the corporation and capitalistic elements of the democratic party had retained control of the democratic party at Chicago in 1896, Bryan and his hosts would have gone to St. Louis and there, with the populists, they would have put out a ticket and a platform that might have swept the country as Lincoln did 1860, for with a minority vote, Lincoln was elected against a divided opposition. The capture of the democratic party by the liberal elements in 1896 wiped out the populist party as such, and concentrated the opposition into the republican party-and then by use of corruption to an extent unheard of before, it just barely succeeded. During McKinley's first term unprecedented amounts of gold were produced, part of it in newly-discovered fields, and McKinley insisted on as much silver as possible being coined, and also a currency law was passed which greatly increast the amount of money, and there was a war to help put it into circulation, so by the end of the term there was general prosperity; "the full dinner pail" satisfied the average voter, so McKinley had a walk-over" in 1900. This year there are two republican parties again, for the democratic party has been recaptured by the corporation and money elements, and now seems a favorable time for populism to again win many adherents to its great truths and progressiv policies. WORLD readers should not regard the slurs and ridicule of the capitalistic press, but turn to the August issue and read the platform for yourselves; and send to Mr. J. H. Ferriss, editor Joliet News, Joliet, Ill., for literature. I don't know what he (the Chairman) has ready to send out, but I suppose he has something. But Dr. Vincent, I don't see how you are going to carry out the program which you suggest. By revolution? I sincerely hope, and I do not believe, it will come to this. You seem to think that the revolution of 1776 was a good thing. I do not-that is, not intrinsically. It was necessary under the conditions, but it would have been better for both the mother country and the daughter if the mother had entertained liberal views and extended liberal treatment to the daughter. It would have also been better for the Anglo-Saxon race. Are the WORLD readers surprised at this? I am not sure that our government is better than that of Canada. True, the thought of royalty-we couldn't swallow that now. But if we had always been accustomed to it, I suppose we would now regard it about as the Canadians do. The Canadians are as free as we are, and the results of their government are as good. Let us refrain from overestimating what is ours, because it is ours. So with our civil war. It was a great mistake-a monstrous blunder. The rest of the world freed the slaves and stopt slavery without a war. We should have done so, and would have done so if we had done so; but there was more passion than sense on both sides; and when there is more passion than sense there is always a fight. Diplomats compromise and arbitrate; fools fight. King George could have found a better way, but he didn't have sense enuf. Our statesmen of the late 50's and early 60's could have found a better way, but they didn't have sense enuf. Now, in settling our industrial problems, we don't want any more foolishness-such expensiv foolishness as that of 1776 and 1860. That is why I have been bringing out the Equity Series of books-to point out the better way. Dr. Vincent suggests fight to settle our industrious problems. Let us have better sense. True, the "Frenzied Finance" articles in Everybody's Magazine makes one feel like fighting, but there is a better way. The populist platform shows many things that should be done before fighting is to be thought of. It is better to think than to fight. Read and investigate-educate. That is my constant effort. If enuf reading and thinking is done by our voters, our problems will pass away as mist before the morning sun, and fighting need not be thought of. Perhaps, I might here say, confidentially, that I am preparing a pamphlet of over 100 pages, consisting of the essential portions of the political parts of the large book, "The Story of New Zealand," to sell to WORLD readers at 25 cents. I hope to have this ready by the time these lines reach your eyes. The book will be called "Politics in New Zealand." Send * Address Everybody's Magazine, Union Square, New York. 10 cents per copy. Ipecac: A Study. P. W. SHEDD, M.D., New York. Cephaëlis ipecacuanha, hab. Brazil. (Rubiacea, or madder family.) Chemical composition: emetin, crystallin alkaloid; ipecacuanhic acid, glucosid; gums, starch, traces of a volatil oil. Tincture and trit. of the dried root. In the Rubiacea family are included the cinchonae, and ipecac has a periodicity,-attacks every day or every other day at same hour in stomach or malarial troubles; autumnal diarrhea (Cinch. autumnal asthma)-similar to cinchona, but with the characteristic ipecac nausea not > by vomiting (Ant. tart. > by vomiting). Ipecac is physiologically classified as Nauseant, Emetic, Expectorant, Cholagogic, Diaphoretic, Hemostatic, Sternutatory, Counter-irritant locally with possible pustulation. Taking these gross physiological effects as rubrics, we shall broadly specify the curativ homeopathic uses of the drug. HOMEOPATHIC. and by Persistent nausea retching not much vomit; after smoking; after cold drinks; bilious, greenish vomitus; hematemesis (hemorrhage of steadily flowing bright red blood from any organ, with nausea); gastric disturbance with clean tongue (Puls. with foul tongue; Ant. tart., thick white.) Nausea and vomit of nervous origin, (Ip. more nausea, Ant. tart., more vomit.) Colic with freq. diarr., possibly nausea. Bilious, yeasty, grass-green" stools. Obstinate diarr. Diarr. of children, verging on dys entery. Autumnal diarr. Cough, esp. at night, with retching, vomit, shocks in head and stomach. Pertussis; child loses breath, turns pale, stiff, blue; strangling, gagging, vomiting of mucus, bleeding from nose and mouth. Bronchitis; dry, spasmodic cough, asthmatic, dyspneic, with wheezing, precordial weight and anxiety, suffocation threatens from accumulation of mucus, fine rales (Ant. tart. coarse rales.) Hay-fever; with coryza, nose stopped, violent sneezing, bronchial secretions increased, asthmatic.. |