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are the conditions necessary for corruption, and they have produced it. I have known of large aniline sellers paying the head dyer in a large silk mill, who received $20 or $25 a week and certainly not over $30, another regular weekly salary of $20 to recommend their dyes and queer all other colors. Thus, when a rival's samples were being tried, this man would quietly slip in a little acid or other chemical that would dull or spoil the color. His recommendations meant thousands of dollars in business to the aniline makers a year.

The business I am connected with uses some anilines, and once when our chemist was absent I saw a salesman from a company with whom we had never dealt. He did not catch my name, and after the offer of a cigar he leant forward and whispered:

"If you can get those colors in I'll see that you get five percent on all orders." I lookt a little astonisht and he hastened to add: "Make it ten percent." ing him on, and I said:

This tempted me into lead

Oh, you don't do as well as your neighbors." He straightened up and said:

"Fix the price on that color $1.50 per pound (he had already quoted $1 per pound on it) and we'll give you sixty-five cents on every pound you order."

As we order three hundred or four hundred pounds at a time, this would make a very tidy sum. Needless

to say the order was not placed, but I did not tell the fellow the reason. Another aniline salesman once told me he had to do it or lose his job. I simply told him we tested and bought goods on their merits and did not take commissions.

Another more subtle way of managing this is to charge the same as other dealers, but to adulterate the color. Thus, if a color is selling at $2 a pound and is shaded-this is the synonym that the trade uses for adulterated with half its weight of salt, dextrin or some cheap, harmless substance costing a cent or two a pound, its makers can afford to pay fifty cents a pound or even more as commission (in plain language as bribery) and make more money on it. All the user knows is that he has to buy this color very frequently. Another friend, who sells a large line of hardware, got a large corporation onto some fine goods, but after the first lot the secretary told him the goods were so poor that they could not use them. My friend, whom we will call Brown, persuaded the secretary to go to the factory in an adjacent village to test the goods, and they were tested in the presence of the foreman who had condemned them before, but now they were found all right. The two left, but Brown went back and saw the foreman, who openly askt for a commission. This Brown expected and he at once said to the foreman : "If any more fault is found with these goods your superiors will know of it." Later the secretary was so worried that he made an investigation, found the foreman had been accepting bribes for years, dismist him, and then Brown told him of this occurrence.

This corruption extends down to the smallest details of buying and selling, where the buyer is not buying for his own use, but for some one else. Thus, the milk dealers in New York complain that it is impossible to serve the people in flats without bribing the janitor. If he is not bribed, something always happens to cause complaints.

And it runs all the way up the gamut to what Judge Grosscup calls the "incorporated dishonesty" of the ship-building trust, engineered by a Schwab and a Morgan. Of this, the Newark News, commenting on the sworn testimony of Mr. Dresser, said editorially:

The abyss of probable financial corruption has not been fully plumbed, but the glimpses carry a public shock. The deduction reached is that J. P. Morgan & Co. lent its great credit to a transaction which was little more nor less than sheer swindling. That it sold its fiduciary honor and integrity is the plain alternativ, if the Dresser testimony be accepted. The Schwab Dresser-Morgan coterie was both buyer and seller, and constituted a wheel within a wheel.

Other illustrations could easily be given, but enough have been stated in detail to show the secret, insidious corruption that prevades buying and selling. When the seller sells what he owns, and the buyer buys for his own use, there is no opportunity for corruption. But where the transaction is secret and the buyer has

power to buy but not the responsibility of buying for himself or his own use, or where there is a supposedly uniform price, such as in freight rates, and the seller can secretly give cut rates, this corruption is sure gradually to prevade and justify the quotation from Whitman that, "The depravity of the business classes of our country is not less than is supposed, but infinitly greater."

How is it with the buying for the government? Is there an equal amount of corruption there? For years my company has sold goods to the United States government. At times it has sold more than any other concern handling like goods, and in some departments more than all others put together. Of late years I have personally managed that business, and during all the time have been conversant with it. We have never given bribes, never been askt for them, never had a hint of it. Some fifteen or eighteen years ago there was a small amount of corruption proved and eradicated. Once since, I thought there was a very smoothly workt trick, but on looking into it I came to the conclusion that the government officials were entirely innocent though it was possible they may have been workt a little.

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The buying is done by publisht bids, which any one can get, any responsible house can bid, and then, quality considered, the bids are awarded to the lowest bidder. I have occasionally thought there was a bias in the minds of the awarding committee. I have often wisht they had more freedom so that they could adopt improved goods or methods. Frequently I have felt that they got into ruts, were too well satisfied and in a small way were tyrannical, but I have not had even small incidents point to any corruption.

Recently a well known and successful bidder for the supplies for the New York City public schools told me that probably he had more influence with the awarding committee than any other man, but it was only because he had always recommended good goods and that he absolutely could not get any favors at a higher price or on inferior goods. He showed me this year's printed contract, in which every item was clearly specified and the awards for last year in which the kind of goods, the name of the party to whom each item was awarded and the price were printed. course, these prices were closely scrutinized by unsuccessful bidders and if there was anything wrong or that lookt wrong, a row was raised. This very publicity prevents corruption.

Of

There is some governmental corruption, as shown by the recent postoffice investigation, but I believe it is sporadic, not of long existence; and that when it is found out a great deal of fuss is made over it, tenfold more than over the same corruption in private business.

Does not this make you a little "easier" on the subject of public ownership of telegraphs, railroads and other public utilities? The objection of many careful people has always been that there would be too much dishonesty. The above shows that there would be less, if in public hands. I suggest that you get the magazine in which the above occurs, and read the entire article, and think about it.

PRACTICAL POINTS

In rheumatism, gout, lumbago and neuralgia, have you tried Griffith's Compound Mixture of Guaiac, Stillingia, etc.? If not, why not become acquainted with it now? See adv. on page 24 for constituents, and for trial free offer.

On page 7, Mr. Frye is advertising two cases of surgical instruments; one for $15, and the other a pocket case for $3.75. Turn to the adv. and read the description of the contents. Also, you will be interseted in the long list of miscellaneous surgical instruments, and the attractiv prices which Mr. Frye quotes (Continued over next page.)

INTERESTING HISTORY.

During the past fifteen or twenty years various forms of pain, as neuralgia, headache, dysmenorrhea, sciatica, etc., and high temperature from various causes, have been controlled in an almost magical manner by a new class of remedies: The synthetic chemicals, or coal-tar derivatives, chiefly of German manufacture. Antipyrin, and acetanilid are prominent members of this class of preparations But, as is well known, the magical relief from this class of remedies carries with it a grave danger: That of heart depression, with cyanosis and profuse sweating. Cases of sudden death from this cause have been many, but the greatest harm, which has become very wide-spread, is the insidious injury wrought by occasional doses of these remedies.

It was thought that European countries contained all the talent and scientific attainments for the production of remedial chemicals. But at last Yankee inventive genius has come to our aid, and the result is, a group of chemicals far more efficacious than the aniline products (sometimes called dye-house chemicals), and what is, still better, they are absolutely safe, being free from the depressing qualities of the foreign drugs.

The first preparation perfected, was one intended to cover the wide field involved by the two leading symptoms met in the practise of medicine, namely, Pain and Fever. The mode of manufacturing it is very complieated, involving many chemical actions and reactions that cannot be entered into here, but those interested in this phase of the subject may obtain full details by writing us. In brief outline: We begin with carbolic acid, then add nitric acid, producing nitro-phenol; then ethylate it through the influence of bromide of ethyl; then it is reduced to the anide group, and afterwards condensed with the two acid radicals, acetic and salicylic acids, the product being a white, crystalline powder.

It is the therapeutic value of any medicine that the practical physician is interested in. Here is the strong point of this preparation, the object sought in its preparation being therapeutic efficiency combined with safety. This preparation is practically tasteless, and does not disturb the most delicate stomach. Its action is that of a sedative to the nerve centers, particularly the thermocenter, thus controlling heat at the point of physiological control. It assists elimination by way of the kidneys and the sweat glands, by means of gentle relaxation of those parts. At the same time it is antiseptic, inhibiting bacterial growth wherever it goes in the system. The combined result of all these actions is the elimination of fever and pain. Thus sleep is invited, delightful rest is obtained, and Nature returns to her task of repair and rejuvenation.

This remarkable preparation is called Thermol, and its therapeutic application is almost endless. As a temporary remedy, it gives speedy and safe relief, without depression, in headaches, neuralgias, sciatica, painful menstruation, and all painful conditions. As a leading feature in the treatment of serious and protracted cases, it is invaluable in typhoid fever, pneumonia, peritonitis, rheumatism, remittent fever, etc., etc., also in all meningeal inflammations. It has been on the market now for about four years, and has been thoroughly tried, tested and approved by the medical profession in all parts of the country. The above mentioned claims have been more than fulfilled. Wherever known, the demand for Thermol becomes steady and increases rapidly. Sales are rapidly increasing, both through the trade and direct with physicians, as many physicians seem to prefer to order direct from us, again and again, as our books amply show.

While salicylic acid is one of the very best antiseptics, it disagrees with the stomach and deranges digestion. This true not only of salicylic acid, but also of the salicylates, is as salicylate of soda.

We also know that formaldehyde is the king of antiseptics, and as a uric acid solvent it stands only second to salicylic acid; but the trouble is to place it where we want it. To do this it must be combined in such a way that the combination will split up at the right time and place, and set formaldehyde free slowly and safely where needed.

Dr. S. Lewis Summers condenses salicylic acid with formaldehyde, and then acetylizes this union, thus forming the well defined organic chemical compound Acetyl Methylene Disalicylic Acid which has the structural form

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It is nonirritating to the mucous membranes.
It is acceptable to the stomach.

As it is not absorbed till it reaches the bowels, it is a valuable antiseptic for the alimentary tract.

But in the blood is where it does its chief work, for there it breaks up, and its constituents, as explained above, exert their great powers.

It is the eliminator of eliminators. It increases the peristaltic action of the bowels, the diaphoretic action of the skin, the diuretic action of the kidneys, the solvent action on the uric acid salts as well as restoring the normal fluidity of the blood, and stimulates the respiratory tract through the incorporated properties of acetic acid.

Do not the therapeutic applications suggest themselves readily and abundantly? Wherever there are bacteria to overcome-typhoid fever, scarlet fever-in fact, all fevers, pneumonia, pyemia, septicemia, etc., etc. But its particular application is in the uric acid diathesis, as manifested by the many forms of rheumatism, lithemia, gout, sciatica, etc.

But its application does not stop with its many uses as a hematic antiseptic and uric acid solvent. It is excreted in the urine, and hence as an antiseptic to the urinary tract it is of very great value. The urine remains normally acid. Decomposing and ammoniacal urine is speedily corrected, and all inflammations of the tract are beneficially influenced. Try it in gonorrhea.

The most frequent use of ur-a-sol is as an anti-rheumatic and as an eliminator of the uric acid salts. When sufficiently large doses are given to meet the requirements, the removal of the pain and the reduction of the temperature to normal are quite promptly obtained. Whilst it increases the quantity of the urinary fluid with an augmentation of the solids of the same, it is steadily removing the excessive presence from the blood of the salts of uric acid through elimination by combination. Thus the system is rid of the toxins of the disease and other effete substances from the blood.

Ur-a-sol has now been in successful use for several years, and its use is extending because of its inherent merits. It is truly a remarkable chemical. One notable result of its use (say 10 grains with or after each meal) is increase of the appetite. The explanation is supposed to be this: The elimination of uric acid creates a demand for more nutriment; hence, hunger, and a stimulation of digestion, and assimilation. Usually increased buoyancy and cheerfulness come with the increased appetite. It is now attracting the attention of medical college professors and other leaders of the professionthey are seeking it for investigation, because they have heard of its remarkable usefulness.

Send $1.00 Money Order, and we will send you a highgrade, one minute, self registering clinical thermometer, worth more than $1.00 and one ounce of either Ur-a-sol or Thermol, either in powder or 5 grain tablets. Literature free.

Address

ORGANIC CHEMICAL MFG. COMPANY

Successors to LIBERTY CHEMICAL COMPANY

2559 N. Sydenham St., Phi'adelphia

on them, on the same page. These things can be ordered by mail as well as personally.

"The Terrors of the Green Room Done Away With," a quiz book designed for students during their examinations, and also during their first years of practise. See adv. on page 2.

Do you use the preparations of Messrs. Reed & Carnrick? Have you the entire success in treating dyspepsia that you wish to have? If not, why not try Reed & Carnrick's Peptenzyme? See adv. on page 28, and send for literature.

Weaver's Pharmacy make a very clever point in their advertisement this month, when they present a list of the houses that handle Salmacrin, and then ask: "Think you that these firms have stockt this threemonths-old preparation merely because we claim it to be a remedy?" It is a pertinent question, for the list of distributors include some of the greatest names in the drug trade of this country. See adv. on page 15, and give Salmacrin a trial. Write now for samples.

"In none of these cases of pneumonia was any remedy except thermol used, and in every case was improvement immediate and recovery rapid. It should be especially noted that there was no tendency to cardiac depression-which is often too true with many of the remedies used in the treatment of this disease-but that, on the contrary, the circulation always became better after the exhibition of the drug. Antipyresis was successfully accomplisht and there was no need for calling into use the digitalis group of drugs. It is a fact that thermol is a safe agent to use in the treatment of pneumonia; it is also a fact that it has decided effects for the better on untoward features of the disease. These are two qualities which stamp the worth of any drug first, that it does good; secondly, that it does no harm. Thermol is, therefore, to be strongly recommended in the treatment of croupous pneumonia."-Abstract from the Interstate Medical Magazine of a report from records from City Hospital.

Have you yet tried Glycozone in dyspepsia and allied diseases? See adv. on page 16, and send for particulars.

When a scientist demonstrates some new fact, it is of interest to all having an acquaintance with the subject, but when the studies of the scientist are workt out to their proper and intended conclusions, that is, when the machine, chemical, or whatever it may be, is actually made and put on the commercial market, so that the world may actually use it and enjoy the fruit of the scientist's laborious studies, then it is far more interesting. Such a case have we before us in the studies of Prof. Abel, of Johns Hopkins University, when he succeeded in isolating the activ principle of the adrenal glands, and in the placing on the market the fruit of those studies, in the form of "Adnephrin"-a product of the biologic laboratories of the great house of Frederick Stearns & Co., of Detroit, Mich. Write to them for literature.

We wish to call the attention of all physicians to a new book: "Saunders' American Year-Book of Med

See MERCK'S MANUAL,

Page 35.

icine and Surgery." We cannot do better than quote from the advertisement. Just think of "A Yearly Digest of scientific progress and authoritativ opinion in all branches of medicin and surgery, drawn from journals, monographs and text-books of the leading American and foreign authors" by such an editor as George M. Gould, A.M., M.D. You cannot read all the journals and you cannot read all the text-books; you need no more than the above quotation to tell you that you need this book. See adv. on title page.

The Anasarcin Chemical Company sends us the following warning:

"It is reasonable to suppose that if Anasarcin is potent enuf to relieve extreme cases of ascites and general dropsy promptly and without fail, it will have the best chance of restoring the diseased organs to their complete performance of normal functions when administered in moderate doses for a considerable length of time. Such is invariably the case in actual practise; therefore we give warning against too early discontinuance of Anasarcin in any case. Better continue treatment after necessity for it has ceased than to cut it short so early that the work has to be done over again later." See adv. on page 10.

Alterative and Tonic-Elixir Six Iodides. An old and well-tried remedy. An ethical preparation, too; in fact, the formula is given in the advertisement: see same on page 11.

"As a brain and nerve tonic it has stood the test of 17 years, and is still unequaled for the treatment of paralysis, locomotor-ataxia, epilepsy, neurasthenia, senil and general debility, mental failure, debilitating losses, spinal weakness, nervous dyspepsia, all troubles affecting the brain, nerve centers and spinal cord, and as a safe and powerful aphrodisiac." Concerning Freligh's Tonic. Quoted from the advertisement of I. O. Woodruff & Co. on page 30. See adv. and send for samples.

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DOCTOR before buying a medical practise write for my list, as

I may have the very practise you want. I have propositions of all kinds. Should you wish to sell your practise, I can place it before the numerous physicians in the United States and Canada who are desirous of securing locations. Write, giving full information, to W. O. Dyer, M.D., Westfield, Wis.

Wonsin. Location among Germans in good farming country

ANTED-By a German physician, good location in Wispreferred. Address P.O. Box 42, Pulcifer, Wis.

$4000 Office practise free to purchaser of office fur

niture and fixtures. Snap for right man. Only electrical and X-Ray outfit in this part of State. Address Box 4, Fulton, Ky.

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(Continued on next page)

Cough, Morphinism,

Corneal Opacities

MERCK & CO., New York

THE MEDICAL WORLD

The knowledge that a man can use is the only real knowledge; the only knowledge that has life and growth in it and converts itself into practical power. The rest hangs like

dust about the brain, or dries like raindrops off the stones.-FROUde.

The Medical World

C. F. TAYLOR, M.D., Editor and Publisher

A. L. RUSSELL, M.D., Assistant Editor

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HOW TO REMIT: For their own protection we advise that our patrons remit in a safe way, such as by postal money order, express order, check, draft, or registered mail. Currency sent by ordinary mail usually reaches its destination safely, but money so sent must be at the risk of the sender.

We cannot always supply back numbers. Should a number fail to reach a subscriber, we will supply another, if notified before the end of the month.

Notify us promptly of any change of address, mentioning both old and new addresses.

If you want your subscription stopt at expiration of the time paid for, kindly notify us, as in the absence of such notice we will understand that it is the subscriber's pleasure that the subscription be continued, and we will act accordingly.

Pay no money to agents unless publisher's receipt is given,

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Language is a growth rather than a creation. The growth of our vocabulary is seen in the vast increase in the size of our dictionaries during the past century. This growth is not only in amount, but among other elements of growth the written forms of words are becoming simpler and more uniform. For example, compare Eng. ash spelling of a century or two centuries ago with that of to-day! It is our duty to encourage and advance the movement toward simple, uniform and rational spelling. See the recommendations of the Philological Society of London, and of the American Philological Association, and list of amended spellings, publisht in the Century Dictionary (following the letter z) and also in the Standard Dictionary, Webster's Dictionary, and other authoritativ works on language. The tendency is to drop silent letters in some of the most flagrant instances, as ugh from though, etc., change ed tot in most places where so pronounced (where it does not affect the preceding sound), etc.

The National Educational Association, consisting of ten thousand teachers, recommends the following:

"At a meeting of the Board of Directors of the National Educational Association held in Washington, D. C., July 7, 1898, the action of the Department of Superintendence was approved, and the list of words with simplified spelling adopted for use in all pub lications of the National Educational Association as follows:

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securing the general adoption of the suggested amendments IRVING SHEPARD, Secretary."

We feel it a duty to recognize the above tendency, and to adopt it in a reasonable degree. We are also disposed to add enuf (enough) to the above list, and to conservativly adopt the following rule recommended by the American Philological Association: Drop final "e in such words as "definite," "infinite," "favorite," etc., when the preceding vowel is short. Thus, spell opposit,' preterit," "hypocrit," "requisit," etc. When the preceding vowel is long, as in "polite," unite," etc., retain present forms unchanged. We simply wish to do our duty in aiding to simplify and rationalize our universal instrument language.

Congestion of the Lungs.

finite,"

Some confusion has arisen in the family thru the use of this term, and while it does not require extended space, we will notice it briefly and editorially. Congestion of the lungs, per se, is a rather common condition, with many gradations and variations. Violent exercise. will produce a temporary congestion of the lungs, as will also high altitudes, inhalation of irritants, etc. It is associated with every severe inflammatory condition of the lungs or pleura, and in many instances it is the most prominent symptom of the initial stage of pneumonia. It is a frequent accompaniment of the initial stage of typhoid fever. Cardiac weakness produces it in chronic form.

It is positiv that you may have an acute or a chronic congestion of the lung, without having pneumonia. The text-books declare the three stages of pneumonia to be (1) congestion, (2) hepatization, (3) grey hepatization. When pneumonia occurs, it is positiv that you must have had congestion before hepatization was possible; but by no means are all cases of congestion followed by hepatization. This brings us to the well chewed, but not digested, question as to whether or not true pnemonia may be aborted. The trouble with too many of the authors who have discust the matter is that their ideas are constipated, and they adhere too closely to the text-book style of phraseology, diagnosis, etc. We have observed symptoms many times, and in many varieties of disease; no visible complications which could be presumed to cause them; no individual peculiarity which could be discovered which could act as assignable cause; no drug administered which ever could have produced the results; no neglect or exposure which might have been responsible;

yet we never thought of trying to make the condition an entity in medical literature, however often we observed the condition. What practician of extended experience has not had similar experience? We have just as frequently observed cases of acute congestion of the kidneys as we have acute congestion of the lungs ; yet we have never insisted that this is nephritis.

Taken, a patient who has been exposed to inclement weather, who is otherwise perfectly healthy, and who has an activ congestion of the lungs with all the accompanying symptoms developt to intensity, and we are certain that he is threatened with pneumonia. He may not have it when we see him; he may have it thru the other stages later, or he may not. Whether the resistance of nature to infection (if infection it be), whether drugs can affect it or not, is another and quite a different question.

Scarlet fever is different from cutaneous erythema; small-pox is different from "Cuban itch;" diarrhea is different from cholera; and congestion of the lungs is different from pneumonia. Congestion of the lungs may be but a symptom, or it may be the primary stage of a disease. Congestion is, in other words, an incident; pneumonia is an entity. We do not believe any diagnostician can tell, when he first examins a case of congestion, whether or not pneumonia will follow; nor do we believe any therapeutist can declare beyond cavil that he will prevent pneumonia following a case of congestion, where the conditions favor a further extension of the abnormal condition. None of the authorities say more, despite verbosity or unproven assertions; hence further discussion would be useless. Treat your congestion of the lungs, when you get it, on rational lines; if you don't get pneumonia following, endeavor to be rational still.

Gastro-Intestinal Fermentation of Foods.

Probably the commonest affection which the American practician is called upon to treat is gastro-intestinal fermentation; we do not except constipation, even. How very seldom is the treatment satisfactory to either patient or physician. The reason need not be sought long either the patient will not obey the instructions of the physician, or the physician is not competent to give the proper instructions. The average physician, consulted regarding gastro-intestinal fermentation, gives a cathartic, with orders to follow it with some of the multitudinous preparations or prescriptions presumed and recommended to be able to check the trouble promptly and permanently. Naturally the results are but temporary, if indeed at all perceptible, since fuel is being constantly

added to the fire.

The solution of the problem is to be sought

only in the proper mastication of the proper kind of food in proper amount. Probably all of us eat too much, masticate insufficiently, and allow our tastes to dominate our judgment in the choice of foods. While it is true that none could live by the complicated formulas which the actual measurement of the calorics yielded by certain foods, and the actual demand of the organism for a certain number of calorics would entail, it is quite as indisputable that physiology can teach us much regarding the causes of gastro-intestinal fermentation, would we but learn. Our lay sufferers cannot be expected to know anything of these mysteries; but is it asking too much of the presumably well educated physician that he know something of the actual facts? Familiar as we are with the libraries of physicians in activ, extensiv, and remunerativ practise, we say advisedly that we know no books which are so antiquated and so little used as those treating upon dietetics and physiology; indeed, many successful (?) practicians dispense with such books entirely, or if they do have one of a date some years back, it is in an excellent state of preservation.

Carbohydrates are responsible for nearly all gastro-intestinal fermentation. When digestion of carbohydrates is slow, or ceases entirely, bacteria cause an abnormal fermentation. Bacteria are always present in the small intestin, but it is only when carbohydrates have been ingested in excessiv quantities or have been subjected to insufficient mastication, that these serve as a favorable nidus for the growth of the trouble-breeding germs. Carbohydrates, no more than other foods, will cause excessiv gaseous formation, if properly subjected to salivary digestion and efficient muscular activity of the gastric walls. Foods fried in grease and hastily swallowed, are slow o submit to the feeble kneading of a weakened stomach. The same food, properly cookt and judiciously masticated, would quickly become assimilable. The American palate has a predilection for starches and sugars; fresh, hot bread and pancakes, reinforced with syrup or sugar, are familiar examples. The fermentation of starch and sugar yields, in the stomach, ethyl alcohol and acetic, butyric, lactic, and succinic acids, hydrogen gas, and carbonic acid gas; not to mention the malodorous combinations of hydrogen. The ever present cellulose is ready to form marsh gas and carbonic acid gas.

No practician will ever get results until he has studied well the physiology and dietetics of the common foods, and establisht his right to direct what a patient shall eat, and how he shall eat it. Yet how may he who is himself innocent of knowledge do this? The per

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