43 (N.Y.App.Div.) Mere adjudication of bankruptcy and appointment of trustee does not deprive bankrupt of right to continue prosecution of action.-Melnick v. Commercial Casualty Ins. Co. of Newark, N. J., 224 N. Y. S. 516.

Since bankruptcy trustee's right to take over bankrupt's claims merely changes ownership thereof, bankrupt may continue action commenced before adjudication (Civil Practice Act, § 83; 11 USCA §§ 75, 110).—Id.

Allegations that bankruptcy trustee released claim to burglary policy held to entitle bankrupt to continue action on policy on theory of trustee's rejection or waiver of rights thereto (Civil Practice Act, § 83; 11 USCA §§ 75, 110).-Id.

ACCORD AND SATISFACTION. 10(1) (N.Y.Sup.) Beneficiary's acceptance of less sum than due under life policy held not accord and satisfaction, without honest dispute as to amount due.-Sexton v. Equitable Life Assur. Soc. of U. S., 224 N. Y. S. 63.

ACTION.

1. GROUNDS AND CONDITIONS PRE

CEDENT.

6 (N.Y.) Jurisdiction in action for declaratory judgment is discretionary (Civil Practice Act, § 473; Rules of Civil Practice 211, 212).Bareham v. City of Rochester, 158 N. E. 51, 246 N. Y. 140, modifying judgment 222 N. Y. S. 141, 221 App. Div. 36, which modified (Sup.) 220 N. Y. S. 66, 128 Misc. Rep. 642.

6 (N.Y.) In rendering declaratory judgment, court erred, after stating rights under note, in declaring extent of enforcement of such rights in sister state (Civil Practice Act. § 473).Westchester Mortg. Co. v. Grand Rapids & I. R. Co., 158 N. E. 70. 246 N. Y. 194, modifying judgment 219 N. Y. S. 695, 219 App. Div. 733, which modified (Sup.) 213 N. Y. S. 593, 126 Misc. Rep. 534.

II. NATURE AND FORM.

32 (N.Y.) Names and classifications of remedies for torts are not necessary to granting relief.-Keller v. Butler, 158 N. E. 510, 246 N. Y. 249, reversing judgment 221 N. Y. S. 323, 220 App. Div. 212.

III. JOINDER, SPLITTING, CONSOLIDATION, AND SEVERANCE.

48 (2) (N.Y.CityCt.) Assault and malicious prosecution are "personal injuries" consistent 224 N.Y.S.-67

with each other, and may be joined in same complaint, though not arising out of same transaction (Civil Practice Act, § 258, subd. 2; General Construction Law, § 37-a, as added by Laws 1920, c. 917).-Schechner v. Wittner, 224 N. Y. S. 66.

IV. COMMENCEMENT, PROSECUTION, AND TERMINATION.

65 (N.Y.) Plaintiff must have cause of acWappler v. Woodbury Co., 158 N. E. 56. 246 N. tion at commencement of suit, even in equity.Y. 152, reversing judgment 218 N. Y. S. 930, 218 App. Div. 754, which affirmed (Sup.) 218 N. Y. S. 46, 128 Misc. Rep. 352.

Where cause of action exists at commencement of suit, relief will be adapted to situation at time of decree.-Id.

Where dummy of one selling stock in corporation could not maintain suit against corporation at commencement of suit because buyer was not in default in payments, he might not have favorable decree, though buyer failed to make payments before decree was rendered. —Id.

ALIENS.

I. DISABILITIES.

16 (N.Y.Sup.) Proof of obstacle to state court assuming jurisdiction over action by alien is matter of defense, and jurisdiction need not be affirmatively alleged by alien.-Lemyé v. Sirker, 224 N. Y. S. 130.

AMBASSADORS AND CONSULS.

3 (N.Y.Sup.) Personal immunity from process of envoys and attachés extends to members of their domestic suite.-Herman v. Apetz, 224 N. Y. S. 389.

Diplomatic immunity from process cannot be waived by envoy without consent of sending state.--Id.

Wife, family, and domestic servants of envoy may waive diplomatic immunity from process without consent of home state.-Id.

Claim of privilege by one defendant should not delay action to set aside conveyance as in fraud of creditors.-Id.

Voluntary appearance by wife of envoy, and defense on merits of suit to set aside conveyance to wife as in fraud of creditors, waived immunity from process, and invited determination of controversy.-Id.

52 (N.Y.App.Div.) Authority of agent of Russian governmental or quasi governmental corporation is presumed to continue until contrary proved, particularly in view of certification of authority by Russian diplomatic agents. -Gaston & Co. v. All Russian Zemsky Union, 224 N. Y. S. 522.

(1)

Evidence held not to show defendant's re-
pudiation of its agent's authority to employ
attorney to represent defendant.-Id.

ANIMALS.

29 (N.Y.Sup.) Statute authorizing tubercu-
lin test and physical examination of bovine herd
held constitutional (Farms and Markets Law
[now Agriculture and Markets Law] § 78, as
amended by Laws 1927, c. 213, in effect March
21, 1927).-Ryder v. Pyrke, 224 N. Y. S. 289.

Commissioner may give physical examination
and tuberculin test to any bovine herd in tested
or untested town (Farms and Markets Law
[now Agriculture and Markets Law], §§ 76, 79;
$78, as amended by Laws 1927, c. 213, in effect
March 21, 1927).—Id.

32 (N.Y.Sup.) Commissioner cannot legally
destroy bovine herd free of tuberculosis (Farms
and Markets Law [now Agriculture and Markets
Law], § 78, as amended by Laws 1927, c. 213, in
effect March 21, 1927).-Ryder v. Pyrke, 224
N. Y. S. 289.

APPEAL.

V. PRESENTATION AND RESERVATION
IN LOWER COURT OF GROUNDS
OF REVIEW.

(A) Issues and Questions in Lower Court.

171(1) (N.Y.Sup.) Complaint and trial hav-
ing been based solely on erroneous theory that
instrument granting billboard easement was
valid, equities of case could not be considered
(Real Property Law, § 243).-Rochester Poster
Advertising Co. v. Smithers, 224 N. Y. S. 711.

VII. REQUISITES AND PROCEEDINGS
FOR TRANSFER OF CAUSE.
(A) Time of Taking Proceedings.
347(1) (N.Y.Co.Ct.) Docketing of judg-
ment held not necessary to start running of
time to appeal; "entry" (Civil Practice Act, §
612; Rules of Civil Practice, rule 201).-Wa-
terbury v. Nassor, 224 N. Y. S. 179.

(B) Petition or Prayer, Allowance, and
Certificate or Affidavit.

358 (N.Y.) No appeal lies from Appellate
Division's decision affirming interlocutory direc-
tion for trial, without permission.-Dickinson v.
Springer, 158 N. E. 74, 246 N. Y. 203, reversing
judgment 219 N. Y. S. 799, 218 App. Div. 831.

358 (N.Y.) Appeal, without leave, from Ap-
pellate Division's judgment unanimously re-
versing trial judge's order for new trial and
reinstating verdict, will be dismissed.-Markie-
wicz v. Thompson, 158 N. E. 314, 246 N. Y.
235, dismissing appeal 221 N. Y. S. 590, 220
App. Div. 311.

X. RECORD AND PROCEEDINGS

RECORD.

NOT IN

(D) Contents, Making, and Settlement of
Case or Statement of Facts.

564 (3) (N.Y.App.Div.) Appellant, unable to
procure stenographer's minutes within time al-
lowed for serving case on appeal, should pro-
cure extension before time expires.-Smith v.
Levinson, 224 N. Y. S. 4.

564(4) (N.Y.App.Div.) Appellant, not pro-
curing extension for serving case on appeal
before expiration of time, is in default, and
can be relieved only on paying costs.-Smith v.
Levinson, 224 N. Y. S. 4.

569 (4) (N.Y.App.Div.) Failure to furnish
sufficient proof of lost or withheld exhibits
held to require reversal of order settling pro-
posed case on appeal.-Scheinberg v. Schein-
berg, 224 N. Y. S. 385.

XVI. REVIEW.

(B) Interlocutory, Collateral, and Supple-
mentary Proceedings and Questions.
870(5) (N.Y.) Order denying motion to
strike parts of answer held not reviewable on
appeal from final judgment dismissing_com-
plaint.-Dickinson v. Springer, 158 N. E. 74,
246 N. Y. 203, reversing judgment 219 N. Y. S.
799, 218 App. Div. 831.

(D) Amendments, Additional Proofs, and
Trial of Cause Anew.

888(1) (N.Y.) "Omissions" in complaint
which may be properly supplied by amendment
on appeal are under statute omissions which
might be fatal (Civil Practice Act, § 105).—
Livingston v. Livingston, 158 N. E. 313, 246
N. Y. 234.

Statute permitting amendments on appeal
does not permit amendment in Court of Ap-
peals, which would deprive court of jurisdic-
tion (Civil Practice Act, § 105).—Id.

888 (2) (N.Y.) Court of Appeals may al-
low amendments to complaint to conform to
proofs (Civil Practice Act, § 105).-Livingston
v. Livingston, 158 N. E. 313, 246 N. Y. 234.

889 (2) (N.Y.App.Div.) Complaint inadvert.
ently omitting date of instrument set forth,
conclusively shown on appeal, should be deemed
amended to insert date.-Hauswald v. Katz, 224
N. Y. S. 464.

(E) Presumptions.

927 (3) (N.Y.App.Div.) Nonsuited plaintiff
is entitled to most favorable inferences justi-
fied by evidence.-Mulvihill v. Commercial Cas-
ualty Ins. Co., 224 N. Y. S. 644.

927 (3) (N.Y.App.Div.) On appeal from
nonsuit, plaintiff is entitled to most favorable
inferences warranted by evidence.-Roche v.
New York Cent. R. Co., 224 N. Y. S. 656.

(H) Harmless Error.

1050(1) (N.Y.App.Div.) Driver's report of
automobile accident and fatal injury to passen-
ger held hearsay, and its admission harmful er-
ror, where defendant's ownership_disputed.--
Saxton v. Yannuzzi, 224 N. Y. S. 209.

(J) Decisions of Intermediate Courts.

1094 (2) (N.Y.) In reviewing judgment in
contest over contract, Court of Appeals consid-
ers only findings made at Special Term and af-
firmed by Appellate Division.-Youssoupoff v.
Widener, 158 N. E. 64, 246 N. Y. 174, affirming
judgment 219 N. Y. S. 942, 219 App. Div. 712,
which affirmed (Sup.) 215 N. Y. S. 24, 126 Misc.
Rep. 491.

1094 (5) (N.Y.) On reversal of trial court's
judgment on law alone, in absence of reversible
error of law, judgment of trial court should be
affirmed.-Klepper v. Seymour House Corpo-
ration of Ogdensburg, 158 N. E. 29. 246 N. Y.
85, reversing judgment 218 N. Y. S. 476, 218
App. Div. 686.

XVII. DETERMINATION AND DISPOSI-
TION OF CAUSE.

(A) Decision in General.
1114 (N.Y.) Where appellate division er-
roneously reversed, as matter of law, order va-
cating service of summons on foreign corpora-
tion, in action based on federal law, Court of
Appeals remitted for consideration question of
discretion. Murnan v. Wabash Ry. Co., 158
N. E. 508. 246 N. Y. 244, reversing order 221
N. Y. S. 332, 220 App. Div. 218.

Attorney and Client

(D) Reversal.

1170(7) (N.Y.App.Div.) Error in admitting
incompetent evidence as to cause of automobile
collision could not be disregarded on appeal,
where evidence was sharply conflicting (Civil
Practice Act, § 106).-Muessling v. Leisner,
224 N. Y. S. 689.

1170(10) (N.Y.App.Div.) Irregularities in
judgment and decision held not prejudicial, but
were correctable at any stage, and must be dis-
regarded on appeal (Civil Practice Act, § 105).
-Hengel v. Barna, 224 N. Y. S. 674.

1175(2) (N.Y.App.Div.) Appellate division
cannot render judgment originally, where trial
court has failed to make findings and base
judgment thereon (Civil Practice Act, § 584).-
Lumen Bearing Co. v. Mosle, 224 N. Y. S. 457.
(F) Mandate and Proceedings in Lower

Court.

others than defendant held error.-People v.
Stein, 224 N. Y. S. 667.

31 (N.Y.App.Div.) Admitting fire policies
on merchandise in names of defendant's wife,
brother, and consignor, to show motive for ar-
son, held not error.-People v. Stein, 224 N.
Y. S. 667.

ASSOCIATIONS.

10 (N.Y.App.Div.) Expelled member, who
tribunal within association was acted on, held
commenced action before appeal to appellate
not entitled to court aid.-Holt v. White, 224
N. Y. S. 507.

Failure of appellate tribunal in association to
act on appeal from expulsion after action was
commenced held not equivalent to refusal to
act.-Id.

ATTACHMENT.

I. NATURE AND GROUNDS.

and Parties.

1203(1) (N.Y.App.Div.) By accepting costs
under resettled order, plaintiffs acquiesced in
provisions permitting answer, despite judgment
and denial of motion to open default.-Revillon
Fréres v. Reichelt, 224 N. Y. S. 730.

1213 (N.Y.App.Div.) Facts held sufficient
on former appeal to raise issue for jury held
as matter of law to make case for jury on sec-
ond trial.-London Guarantee & Accident Co. v.
Force, 224 N. Y. S. 510.

APPEARANCE.

3 (N.Y.Sup.) Defendant, sued for injuries,
sending summons to his insurer, is presumed to
authorize appearance for him, which presump-
tion may be rebutted.-Bailey v. Coventry, 224
N. Y. S. 17.

27 (N.Y.Sup.) Attorney's motion to with-
draw notice of appearance filed for defendant is
addressed to court's discretion.-Bailey v. Cov-
entry, 224 N. Y. S. 17.

Insurer's attorney could not withdraw ap-
pearance filed for defendant insured after dis-
covering facts showing insurer's nonliability,
where appearance for defendant was not shown
to be unauthorized.-Id.

ARBITRATION AND AWARD.

III. AWARD.

64 (N.Y.App.Div.) Reinspection of dis-
puted merchandise by arbitrator appointed by
court with consent of other arbitrators after
hearing was closed did not invalidate award.-
Horowitz v. Kaplan, 224 N. Y. S. 498.

ARMY AND NAVY.

511⁄2 (N.Y.Sur.) On death of beneficiary of
war risk policy, balance of unpaid installments
held payable to insured's estate (World War
Veterans' Act 1924, § 303, as amended by Act
Cong. March 4, 1925, § 14 [38 USCA § 514]).-
In re Schaeffer's Estate, 224 N. Y. S. 305.

Unpaid balance of war risk policy, paid to in-
sured's estate on death of beneficiary, held not
exempt from transfer tax (World War Veter-
ans' Act 1924, § 22 [38 USCA § 454]).-Id.

ARSON.

28 (N.Y.App.Div.) In arson prosecution,
state's questioning insurance agents whether
claim was made on fire policies in names of

(N.Y.App.Div.) Statutes governing at-
tachment and execution must be correlative.
-Fredrick v. Chicago Bearing Metal Co., 224
N. Y. S. 629, reversing order (Sup.) 223 N. Y.
S. 824, 130 Misc. Rep. 366.

II. PROPERTY SUBJECT TO ATTACH-
MENT.

61 (N.Y.App.Div.) Contract interest in fu-
ture profits held contingent right, not subject
to attachment (Civil Practice Act, §§ 912-
922). Fredrick v. Chicago Bearing Metal Co.,
224 N. Y. S. 629, reversing order (Sup.) 223
N. Y. S. 824, 130 Misc. Rep. 366.

62 (N.Y.App.Div.) Attachment and levy
on note, not in custody of sheriff, held inef-
fective (Civil Practice Act, § 917, subd. 2).-
Schmid v. Berkheimer, 224 N. Y. S. 726.

63 (N.Y.App.Div.) Attachment and levy
on note, transferred to bona fide holder, held
ineffective (Civil Practice Act, § 917, subd. 2).
Schmid v. Berkheimer, 224 N. Y. S. 726.

III. PROCEEDINGS TO PROCURE.
(A) Jurisdiction and Venue.

73 (N.Y.App.Div.) Attachment and levy
on note, not within court's jurisdiction, held
ineffective (Civil Practice Act, § 917, subd. 2).—
Schmid v. Berkheimer, 224 N. Y. S. 726.

ATTORNEY AND CLIENT.

II. RETAINER AND AUTHORITY.

70 (N.Y.App.Div.) Burden of proving au-
thority of attorney appearing for defendant is
on one asserting authority.-Gaston & Co. v.
All Russian Zemsky Union, 224 N. Y. S. 522.
~~76(1) (N.Y.Sup.) Attorney for insurer,
filing appearance for defendant insured under
ignorance of fact showing insurer's nonliability,
may withdraw as attorney in action.-Bailey v.
Coventry, 224 N. Y. S. 17.

IV. COMPENSATION AND LIEN OF

ATTORNEY.

(A) Fees and Other Remuneration.
135 (N.Y.Sup.) That attorneys successfully
contesting probate of will also represented oth-
ers than incompetents held no defense to claim
for services to incompetents.-In re Campbell,
224 N. Y. S. 263.

140 (N.Y.Sup.) Compensation for attorneys'
services should be adjusted to benefits to client.
In re Campbell, 224 N. Y. S. 263.

141 (N.Y.Sup.) Court has power to fix com-
pensation of incompetents' attorneys, and con-