of the day, or the following morning, wh sorted, counted, and filed. In large librar separate sections each day according to o that is they are filed first by date and t number. Since books are usually lent weeks this arrangement provides an easy the cards for overdue books. When a book is returned to the libr easily found by referring to the call nun is checked by stamping on the card the is returned; and the date of this stamp the date when the book was lent, stampe show whether it is overdue and whether o liable to a fine. After the book card has placed in the book pocket and the book ret A record is made of the number of lent each day. From this daily record it the number of each class lent for the mo year. This method of charging books is k system. It may be employed in any libra very small one some of the records ment omitted. The Browne charging system is the Newark, except that the borrower is on which his name is written instead of book is charged the book card is placed the two are filed together. Books are usually lent for a period of two weeks with the privilege of having the time extended. Some are not returned when due, and moreover some borrowers do not ask to have the time extended. In such cases of neglect it is customary to charge a fine of two cents for each day the book is overdue. The fact that a fine is charged serves as a reminder but even with a fine as a penalty some readers are neglectful, and some others prefer to keep books until they are ready to return them and to pay whatever amounts are due. In large public libraries the money from this source amounts to several thousand dollars each year. Advertising the Library. Most librarians desire to render the greatest possible service to the residents of their communities. They are conscious of the facts that they have within their custody not only books of practical value but also a record of the best thought of past generations; and they also know that many people are not aware of the value of a library. Consequently one of their duties, if the library is to render the greatest service and if it is to be an aggressive educational agency, is to keep before the patrons, and prospective patrons, constantly, facts relating to the value of books and libraries. Much attention and thought have been given to advertising the public library. Other collections such as school, college and special libraries have been created for special purposes; each to render a particular kind of service. Still the number of readers in these may be increased by publicity. There In advertising a library the best results are usually obtained by calling attention to the practical value of books. are publications on every important trade, business, or profession; selected lists of these may be compiled, printed, and mailed to those most interested, or posted in public buildings and shops. Good results may also be obtained by calling attention to the advantages offered for study, and to the cultural value of books. In advertising the librarian makes use of the also of maintaining their interest in book a habit of reading. They are the future No small number of libraries have e to all the residents of the county or sta located. Branch libraries and deposit sta in different parts of the county and books de or parcel post. Some university libraries ha of newspaper and magazine clippings a which is assembled in the form of packa school students, club women, business having adequate library facilities. Thus, by and by advertising, the advantages of the to different classes, and to a larger numb References. Fay, Lucy and Eaton, Anne I. Instr books and libraries. Boston, Faxon. Wheeler, Joseph L. The Library and cago, American Library Association. Briscoe, Walter A. Library advertising 127 p. Johnson, Wendell F. Selling the public Meriam, Junius L. World Book Co. Child life and the curriculum. Yonkers, pp. 218-34. Library bureau catalogue. Charging systems. pp. 99-105. Hodnefield, Jacob. Checking of serials. Library journal, 37: 319-20. Taylor, Joseph S. Some practical aspects of interest. dagogical seminary, 5: 497-511. Pe Wheeler, Joseph A. Aims and methods of library publicity. Library journal, 39: 259–66. BOOKBINDING Bookbinding is one of the trades, or crafts. If one desires to learn the business he should work at it as an apprentice for a year or more. The librarian is not supposed to possess this training, and does not as a rule know all the intricacies of the craft but should have a general knowledge of the process of binding. He should know the names, and something of the relative value, of the materials used; how to prepare books and magazines for the bindery; and enough about the process to be able to give instructions as to the most suitable materials, and style, for different kinds of books. And further he should also be able to recognize a good binding and to point out the defects of a poor one. Materials. The chief materials used in binding are cloths, leathers, boards, thread, and glue. Some of the most important cloths and leathers are as follows: (1) Cloths. a) Binder's cloth, sometimes called book cloth, is a name applied to the cloth most used by publishing houses for bindings. It varies in texture, weight, durability, color and in other ways. The kinds most frequently used on textbooks make fairly good bindings, while those used ordinarily on novels soon tear or break. b) Buckram is a coarse cloth stiffened with glue or paste. The best grades make strong, durable bindings which wear almost as long as the paper in the book. c) Duck, or canvas, is a coarsely woven cloth with a rough finish, used chiefly for heavy books not subjected to much use. d) Imitation leathers. Most of them consist of closely woven cloth with a coating of some hard, flexible sub |