only greater commerce and trade for us all, but, more essential than these, relations of mutual respect, confidence and friendship which will deepen and endure.

Our earnest prayer is that God will graciously vouchsafe prosperity, happiness and peace to all our neighbors, and like blessings to all the peoples and powers of earth.

GROWTH OF VERMONT MANUFACTURES.

The following is a summary of the manufacturing statistics of Vermont, given in detail by the United States Census Bureau:

and

There were in 1900 4,071 manufacturing concerns with a product of more than $500 each in the state, being an increase of 1,040 since 1890. The capital invested was $48,547,964, being an increase of almost $16,000,000 in ten years. The wage-earners, exclusive of salaried officials, clerks, etc., numbered 29,455, and they earned that year $12,237,684, representing increases of 7,336 $9,810,131, respectively, over 1890. The materials used cost $29,882,744 and the total value of products was $57,646,715. The figures show an increase since 1890 of 50.4 per cent in wages paid. There were in addition to the above 653 manufacturing concerns with a product of less than $500 each and one governmental establishment. These 654 concerns bring the total number of manufacturing establishments up to 4,725, of which 1,470 are hand trades. The capital invested amounted to $48,855,894, 29,549 wage-earners, exclusive of salaried officials, clerks, etc., earned $12,144,224, materials cost $29,958,618, and the total value of products, including custom work and repairing, was $57,847,609. Of the industries 658 were for lumber and timber products, 613 for blacksmithing and wheelwrighting, 268 for monuments and tombstones, 255 for cheese and butter, 211 for flouring and grist mill products, 61 for foundry and ma

chine shop products, 54 for marble and stone work, 46 for lumber and planing mill products, including sash, doors and blinds, 27 for paper and wood pulp, 23 for woolen goods, and 14 for hosiery and knit goods. Excluding blacksmithing and wheelwrighting shops, the above ten selected industries turned out $34,116,777 in products, paying 14,927 wageearners $6,654,054, or more than onehalf the total products and total wages in the state. The value of the products in "urban manufactures," so-called, was $31,861,298, 17,617 wage-earners receiving in wages $1,665,220, showing that a little more than one-half of all the manufacturing in the state is done in the larger places.

The American farmer is not in need of protection, except in isolated cases from neighboring countries, from competition in his own products. But when the workingman has no wages he has no flour and meat and vegetables, and that's what the farmer has to sell, and he doesn't want to depend too much upon the foreign market for his sales. The peculiar speciousness of the free trade argument lies in its appeal to class cupidity. The prosperity of each class. depends upon that of all. Wheat at $2 and corn at 75 cents on the other side of the globe may appear an ideal condition from the farmer's view. But it is much better to have $1 wheat and 50cent corn with money in the pocket of the American consumer to buy it.Kansas City Journal.

At the National Army Day celebration at Lake Chautauqua, N. Y., recently, Major-General Fitzhugh Lee created a sensation when, referring to his term as Consul-General at Havana, he declared: "Neither Blanco nor the Spanish authorities were to blame for the blowing up of the Maine. It was the work of some students experimenting with the explosives they were making in the Spanish arsenal."

PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT.

HIS LITERARY, MILITARY AND POLITICAL CAREER.

THEO

HEODORE ROOSEVELT, who has now become the twentysixth President of the United States, was born in New York, October 29, 1858, and was the son of Cornelius Van Schaick Roosevelt, whose line goes back to medieval times in Dutch history. Mr. Roosevelt's education fitted him for literary work. He was a pupil in Cutler's noted preparatory school, travelled in Europe, and was graduated from Harvard in 1880.

Immediately on leaving the university, and while he was still studying law, he wrote a "History of the Naval War of 1812." During the next ten years he published the "Life of Gouverneur Morris," the "Life of Thomas H. Benton," for the American Statesmen Series; "The Hunting Trips of a Ranchman," "Ranch Life and the Hunting Trail," "The Wilderness Hunter," and was interrupted at the fourth volume of a history of the "Winning of the West and Southwest from the Alleghanies to the Mississippi," when he took up police duty in New York. He has, besides, written numerous articles for the periodicals.

Mr. Roosevelt passed directly from the law school to public life, being elected at the age of twentyone to the New York assembly in the fall of 1881, and serving continuously through the sessions of 1882, 1883 and 1884. During his second term

he became leader of the Republicans in the Assembly. He investigated the police department in 1884, and recommended the separation of the bureau of elections from the department, and the excision of political influence from the board. In the same year he secured the passage of the civil service reform law.

He was chairman of the New York delegation to the national convention which nominated Blaine for President in 1884. He was opposed to Mr. Blaine's nomination, but after he had failed, to prevent it, he was hearty in support of the candidate. In 1886 he was a candidate for mayor of New York, but ran behind both Hewitt (Democrat) and Henry George (single tax).

In the first year of Mr. Harrison's term he accepted a seat in the civil service commission, and was retained by President Cleveland. He served until his appointment to the police commission of New York City, in 1895.

His nomination as assistant secretary of the navy was made by Presi dent McKinley on April 6, 1896. To the vigor of his administration of this office many naval officers ascribe no small part of the nation's readiness for the war with Spain. His insistence on target practice has been praised throughout the service. On April 25 he accepted the offer of a lieutenant-coloneley in the 1st volunteer cavalry regiment, known as Roosevelt's "rough riders," and served with great distinction in the operations against Santiago. On September 27, 1898, he was nomin

ated by the Republicans of New York as their candidate for Gov

ernor.

In November, 1898, he was elected by the Republicans Governor of New York.

At the Republican national convention in Philadelphia, June, 1900, Roosevelt was nominated as VicePresident and elected the following November. During this campaign he made a notable tour of the West, accompanied by Senator Lodge and General Curtis Guild. On April 30, 1901, he was the guest of honor at the Home Market Club's great din

ner.

Mr. Roosevelt was married in 1882 to Miss Lee of Boston, who died about a year after, leaving a daughter. In 1886 he married Miss Edith Kermit Carew, and they have five children-three boys and two girls. His home, where all his children were born, is called Sagamore Hill, and is at Oyster Bay, Long Island.

Takes the Oath of Office. Vice-President Roosevelt took the oath of office as President of the United States before Judge John R. Hazel in Buffalo, September 14, in the presence of five members of the Cabinet and others. Before taking the oath he declared that it would be his aim to continue absolutely unbroken the the policy of President McKinley for the peace, prosperity and honor of the country. He requested the members of the Cabinet to retain their portfolios, at least for the present, and received assurances that they would do so; and he also an

nounced that there would be no extraordinary session of Congress.

President Roosevelt's First Official Act.

On September 15, President Roosevelt issued this proclamation: A terrible bereavement has befallen our people. The President of the United States has been struck down; a crime committed not only against the chief magistrate, but against every law-abiding and liberty-loving citizen. President McKinley crowned a life of largest love for his fellow men, of most earnest endeavor for their welfare, by a death of Christian fortitude, and both the way in which he lived his life and the way in which, in the supreme hour of trial, he met his death, will remain forever a precious heritage of our people. It is meet that we as a nation express our abiding love and reverence for his life, our deep sorrow for his untimely death.

Now, therefore, I, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States of America, do appoint Thursday next, September 19, the day in which the body of the dead President will be laid in its last earthly resting place, as a day of mourning and prayer throughout the United States. I earnestly recommend all the people to assemble on that day in their respective places of divine worship. there to bow down in submission to the will of Almighty God, and to pay out of full hearts their homage of love and reverence to the great and good President whose death has smitten the nation with bitter grief.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the city of Buffalo, the 14th day of September, A. D. one thousand nine hundred and one, and of the independence of the United States the one hundred and twenty-sixth.

(Seal) THEODORE ROOSEVELT. By the President,

JOHN HAY, Secretary of State.