Randall, Speaker, 133; resists
obstruction, 270
Randolph, C. F., Law and Policy
of Annexation, 89
Randolph, Edmund, 114
"Randolph Plan," 94
Reconstruction Acts, test of, 105-
106

Redistribution of seats, Act for,
244

Reed, Speaker, 249, 258; quo-
rum decision of, 262 sqq.
Referendum, 58, 111, 343, 344
Reichstag, 244

Removal, power of, 183 sqq.
Representative Democracy, 57, 58
Representatives in Congress, who

may vote for, 240; qualifica-
tions of, 241; apportionment
of, 242; ratio to population,
244; at large, 244; salary of,
247; tenure of, 248; rotation
in, 248; exempt from arrest, 307
Republic, kinds of, 55, 56; defini-

tion of, 56, 59; centralized, 60;
Federal, 60
Republican Government, defined,
54; Madison on, 54; constitu-
tional guarantee of, 54, 56, 172
sq.; definition of, 56, 57
Republican Party, 328
Requisitions, system of, 7
Resulting powers, 76, 86
Revolution of 1688, 8; Whig
theory of, 20; rights vindicated
by, 20, 21; Burke on, 21
Revolution, right of, 11; Locke
on, 15; affirmed in Declara-
tion of Independence, 33, 34;
conditions justifying, 34-35;
Bentham on, 35
"Riders," Legislative, 295, 302-
305

Rights of Colonies asserted, to
guarantees of the British Con-
stitution, 3

Rights of Men, II, 14

Roberts, Brigham H., case of, 241
Roosevelt, Theodore, American
Ideals, 139; on the Vice-Presi-
dency, 139, 140

on,

Root, Secretary Elihu, 380
Rules, House Committee
252 sq.; discussion of, and
references on, 254, 255, 256.
See Speaker and House of
Representatives.

S

See Govern-

San Domingo Treaty, 165
Sayers, Representative, on ex-
travagant appropriations, 286
Schouler, James, History of the
United States, 160
Self-Government.
ment by consent.
Senate, French, 196
Senate, United States, federal
character of, 67, 207; as part of
the treaty-making power, 156
sqq.; composition of, 196; presi-
dent of, 196; permanence of,
197; vacancies in, 198; origin of,
201; equal vs. proportional vote
in, 202 sqq., 208; undemocrat-
ic, 207; advantages of equal
representation in, 209; legis-
lative function of, 210; ex-

Senate Continued

ecutive functions of, 210; execu-
tive session of, 210; judicial
functions of, 211; as an execu-
tive council, 213; purposes in
creating, 213; and unwritten
constitution, 216; candidates'
methods, 217; cloture in, 218;
filibustering in, 218; rules of,
219; courtesy of, 220 sq.,
dignity of, 225; impeachment
before, 225-226; permanence of,
236; stability of, 237; references
on, 238

Senators, qualifications of, 196;
chosen by popular vote, 196;
classes of, 197; method of elect-
ing, 214; sqq.; references on
method of electing, 215, 238;
Oregon plan for choosing, 217;
term of, 234; instruction of, 234
Separation of governmental pow-
ers, 108 sq.; why established,
III sqq.

Septennial Act, 89

Seven Years' War, result of, in
America, I

Seward, Secretary, 181, 303
Sherman, Roger, idea of Federal
Executive, 94, 98

Sidgwick, Elements of Politics, 50
Sidney, Algernon, opposes abso-
lutism, 15

Slaughterhouse Cases, 355, 356
Social compact, theory of, 19 sq.
Sovereignty, in Federal govern-

ment, 63, 64; 76; distinguished
from supremacy, 71; nature of, 72
Spectator, London, 98; on the
American President, 109 sq.
Speaker, of House of Represen-
tatives, how chosen, 247; chair-
man Committee on Rules, 252
sq.; vote of, 255; importance of,
264; of English Commons, 264
sq.; English and American, com-
pared, 264 sq.; sources of his
power, 265 sqq.; power of ap-
pointment, 265; power of recog-
nition, 267; unwritten law on,
268; as a party leader, 269; one-
man power of, 270; limits to
power of, 270; early Speakers,
271; Clay, 271; Winthrop, 272;
Blaine, 272; Giddings on, 272

Spirit of Laws, The, 113
"Spoils System," 183
Staatenbund, 63

Stamp Act of 1765, 3; enforced
by Admiralty Courts, 5; a
direct tax without representa-
tion, 7; Mr. Lecky on, 8 sq.
Standing Army, colonial oppo-
sition to, 2

Stanwood, History of the Presi-
dency, 135

State constitutions, influence of,
on United States Constitu-
tion, 114; origin of, 339; how
made, 342; method of amend-
ing, 343

State Courts, judge of national
law, 331

State powers, 81; original, 82,
86; prohibitions on, 85
States, government of, 338 sqq.;
relative importance of, 338;
functions of, 338 sqq.; limita-
tions on, 340; governmental
departments of, 341; original
powers of, 342; legislatures
of, 344; Senators and Repre-
sentatives of, 345 sq.; electoral
districts of, 345; executives, 348;
Governors' powers and duties,
348 sq.; Lieutenant-governors,
349; judiciary, 350; imposing
conditions on, 363; violation of
terms of admission, 363
States' Rights in domestic con-
cerns, 5; controversy on, 73;
defined, 341

States' Rights School, 328
Steering Committee," 292
Stephen, Leslie, History of Eng-
lish Thought, 20

Stevens, Sources of the Constitu-
tion, 147, 181 sq., 191
Stewart, A. T., 221
Strict construction, 74 sq.
Suffrage, not an inherent right,
22 sq.; regulated by State law,
346; tests for, 346; "Grand-
father" clause, 347; and Four-
teenth Amendment, 347; wom-
an's, 347

Sumner, Charles, on Executive
independence, 102 sq.; on For-
eign Affairs Committee, 157,
165, 223; 328

Supreme Court, in Barron vs.
Baltimore, 79; in Marbury vs.
Madison, 99; in McCulloch
vs. Maryland, 100; decision
binding on the Executive, 103
sq.; on the quorum in the
House, 263; 301 sq.; size of,
313; sessions of, 314; and
politics, 327; political oppo-
sition to, 328; and Greenback
decisions, 329; and Income
Tax decisions, 329; weak point
in constitution of, 330; how
cases arise in, 332; references
on, 337; on citizenship, 353;
in Slaughterhouse Cases, 355;
in Insular Cases, 372 sqq.;
382 sqq.

Suspension of Colonial Legisla-
tures, 5

"Sweeping Clause" of Constitu-
tion, 74

T

Taney, Chief-Justice, on Merry-
man Case, 179; 353, 354
Tariff of Abominations, 234
Taxation, without representa-
tion, 7; the old constitutional
system of, 7; American conten-
tion confirmed by English pre-
cedents, 8-9; Continental Con-
gress on, 9; American maxim
on, deduced from experience, 10
Tenth Amendment, 74
Tenure of Office Act, 106, 187;
unconstitutionality of, 188
Territories, delegates in Congress,
245; admission of, to Statehood,
358 sqq.; anticipate Statehood,
360; how made into States,
362; conditions inposed, 363;
taxation in, 364; reference on,
386

Texas vs. White, 73
Thayer's Cases, 180
Theocracy, 51

"Third House," 309, 310
Thirteenth Amendment, 154, 382
Three-fifths compromise, 204
Tiedemann, Unwritten Constitu-
tion, 87; on distribution of
powers, 88

Tilden, S. J., 131, 133, 135

Trade Laws of Britain, as a
cause of the American Revo-
lution, 1, 2; enacted for com-
mercial, not for revenue pur-
poses, 7
Transportation Act, 6; Burke
on, 6

Treasury, Secretary of, and House
Committees, 282, 283

Treaty Law, scope of, 164, 169;
abrogation of, 170, 171. See
Treaty-making power.
Treaty-making power, 156 sqq.;
need of unity and harmony in,
158; participation of House
in, 159; paralysis of, 167;
Senator Lodge on, 167
Twelfth Amendment, 117, 119
Tyler, President, Bank veto, 102;
138; use of veto, 152; 234
Tyranny. See Despotism.
Tyrant, 48

U

Unconstitutional Act, status of,
320

Unwritten Constitution, 86, 87,
88, 91, 92; laws of, in America,
92-93; 122, 268, 380
Utah, admission of, 363

V

Veto, Executive, 144 sqq.; in
the Colonies, 147; Royal use
of, 147, 148; and the Judi-
ciary, 148; how used by the
Presidents, 149; written con-
stitutions and, 150; Bryce on,
150; decline of, in England,
151; Whig opposition to, 151;
Clay opposes growth of, 151,
152; proposals to limit, 153;
constitutional amendment and,
154; may the President recall?
156; Senate and, 212; 297; of a
section of a bill, 306
Vice-President, final choice of,
118; functions of, 137; suc-
ceeding to the presidency, 138;
141, 264

Von Holst, Constitutional Law,
169, 363