truders.

Every object around is either picturesque or happy, fulfilling in their different natures the end of their creation. . . . Surely, it must have been the special providence of God that directed us to this place! and the thought of this brightens every trial. There is independence in every good sense of the word, and yet no loneliness. The family at the Brewery are devoted to Charles, and think they cannot do enough for him. The dear old man says he has been praying for years for such a time to come, and that Eversley has not been so blessed for sixty years. Need I say, Rejoice with me? Here I sit surrounded by your books and little things which speak of you.

CHAPTER XII.

ENLARGED, DEEPENED, OR ELEVATED FEELING.

THIS class includes emotions roused by the contemplation of what is noble, grand, sublime, deeply serious, and earnest. This is not abnormal, but supernormal. It involves an expansion, an elevation, a broadening and intensifying of emotions that are natural and wholesome. Its physical or bodily expression is an expansion and a fuller activity throughout the frame. The attitude will most naturally be that of animation, the entire body sympathizing with, and helping to produce, the sense of breadth, elevation and enlargement.

EXAMPLES.-Aspire to a worthy ambition.

Let the torrents, like a shout of nations, answer, God!

It may sometimes be accompanied by repose in the bearing; but in this case the feeling is more passive, as when the sense of grandeur or sublimity is experienced in view of something wholly separate from the speaker's personal activity, and yet not viewed as oppressing by its imposing grandeur, but rather as simply filling the receiving soul; as,

These are thy works, Parent of good.

In such emotions there is a stronger subjective element: that is, the speaker is conscious or upon in

trospection may become conscious-of his soul as being filled and moved by the sense of nobility.

It is natural that such emotions should express themselves through a vocal action which perceptibly fills and thrills the entire extent of the air chambers, and, sympathetically, the entire frame, with deep, voluminous, yet agreeable vibrations. Such is the character of the expanded pure tone, commonly called "orotund." This is deeper and fuller than the simple pure tone. The lower chest-vibration is a specially noticeable feature in it, giving a strong sense of heartiness, depth, earnestness, fullness of experience.

Such vocal action constitutes, perhaps, the loftiest expression of which man is capable. It may, indeed, be affected, but it then becomes cheap and disgusting. When it is the open channel for great thoughts and worthy feelings, it is noble indeed. Technical study and practice can only prepare the way for natural, unaffected use of this quality.

Begin practice with the simple pure tone, based upon the singing quality, which has the most normal action of all the parts; then gradually acquire a deeper and fuller vibration, taking great care that the tone be not merely louder, and that it never become harsh. Let the poise and the muscular and nervous conditions of the whole body always agree perfectly with the quality of the tone. Let these induce the tone. Do not imagine that these expressive qualities of voice can be mechanically produced, or that they can be manufac

tured independently of the general mental and physical conditions. First secure these broader conditions; cultivate a tone-vibration that can be clearly felt, especially in the head, face, and chest. The best vowels with which to begin are oo, oh, and ah. Start these lightly, and with perfectly quiet air column; very gradually increase the volume, being careful not to emit extra breath. Continue this practice until the air chambers and the entire frame are perceptibly filled with the vibration. Test the purity of the tone by holding a lighted match before the mouth: the simple vowels, uttered with the greatest fullness, should not flare the flame. Now take such passages as the following from Byron's "Apostrophe to the Ocean":

Roll on, thou deep and dark blue Ocean, roll!
Ten thousand fleets sweep over thée in vain;
Man marks the earth with ruin,-his control
Stops with the shore; upon the watery plain,
The wrecks are all thy deed, nor doth remain

A shadow of man's ravage, save his own,

When for a moment, like a drop of rain,
He sinks into thy depths with bubbling groan,
Without a grave, unknelled, uncoffined,

and unknown.

Thou glorious mirror, where th' Almighty's form
Glasses itself in tempests; in all time,

Calm or convulsed,-in breeze or gale or storm,

Icing the pole, or in the torrid clime

Dark heaving;-boundless, endless, and sublime,—

The image of Eternity,-the throne

Of the Invisible; even from out thy slime

The monsters of the deep are made; each zone

Obeys thee: thou goest forth, dread,

fathomless, alone.

Or Ossian's address to the sun, beginning:

O Thou that rollest above; round as the shield of my fathers; whence are thy beams, O Sun; thine everlasting light?

Take also the last part of "The Building of the Ship," by Longfellow:

Thou, too, sail on, O Ship of State!
Sail on, O UNION, strong and great!
Humanity, with all its fears,
With all the hopes of future years,
Is hanging breathless on thy fate!
We know what Master laid thy keel,
What workmen wrought thy ribs of steel,
Who made each mast, and sail, and rope,
What anvils rang, what hammers beat,
In what a forge, and what a heat,
Were shaped the anchors of thy hope!

Fear not each sudden sound and shock;
'Tis of the wave, and not the rock;
'Tis but the flapping of the sail,
And not a rent made by the gale!
In spite of rock and tempest's roar,
In spite of false lights on the shore,
Sail on, nor fear to breast the sea!

Our hearts, our hopes, are all with thee:

Our hearts, our hopes, our prayers, our tears,

Our faith triumphant o'er our fears,

Or this enthusiastic though exaggerated admiration of noble manhood:

See what a grace was seated on this brow;
Hyperion's curls; the front of Jove himself;
An eye like Mars, to threaten and command;
A station like the herald Mercury
New-lighted on a heaven-kissing hill;