proceeding on bills. The forms of the president of the United States; if he approve he shall sign it; but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and, if approved by twothirds of that house, it shall become a law. But, in all such cases, the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the president within ten days (Sundays except ed) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. Ib. on joint resolutions, adjourn ment. 3. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of except for the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary, (except on a question of adjournment,) shall be presented to the president of the United States; and, before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him; or, being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. Congress have SECTION 8. 1. The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, to lay taxes, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States: &c. 2. To borrow money on the credit of the United States: 3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes: 4. To establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform. laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States: 5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures: 6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States: 7. To establish post offices and post-roads: 8. To promote the progress of science and useful arts by securing, for limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries. 9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court: To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offences against the law of nations: 10. To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water: 11. To raise and support armies; but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years: 12. To provide and maintain a navy: 13. To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces: 14. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions: 15. To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress: 16. To exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased, by the consent of the Legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful buildings:-And, 17. To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. SECTION 9. certain persons not 1. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the Importation states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be pro- of hibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hun- to be prohibdred and eight; but a tax or duty may be imposed on such impor- ter 1808. tation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. ited until af 2. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be sus- Writ of hapended, unless when, in case of rebellion or invasion, the public beas corpus. safety may require it. 3. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. Bills of at 4. No capitation, or other direct tax, shall be laid, unless in pro- tainder, &c. portion to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be Direct taxes. taken. 5. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any No export state. duty; nor preference of another, &c. 6. No preference shall be given, by any regulation of commerce one state to or revenue, to the ports of one state over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to, or from, one state, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. legal appro 7. No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in conse- Money to be quence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement expended by and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money priation only shall be published from time to time. 8. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States: Titles of noAnd no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, bility, &c." shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. SECTION 10. bidden to which states under the can Powers for- 1. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance or confederation; the states in- grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of dividually. credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. Powers 2. No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be adthe solutely necessary for executing its inspection laws: and the net sanction of produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress. No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. Congress. Executive power vest dent, &c. ARTICLE II. SECTION 1. 1. The executive power shall be vested in a president of the ed in a presi- United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the vice-president, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows: Electors president of 2. Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature and vice-pre- thereof may direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole numsident, &c. ber of senators and representatives to which the state may be entitled in the Congress: but no senator or representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector. Meeting of the electors &c. ceedings. pro 3. [The electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by of president, ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inTheir habitant with the same state as themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the president of the Senate. The president of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Represenatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for president: and if no person have a majority, then, from the five highest on the list, the said house shall, in like manner, choose the president. But, in choosing the president, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members, from two-thirds of the states, and See amend a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the president, the person having the greatest Annulled. number of votes of the electors shall be the vice-president. But if ments, art. there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate 12.] shall choose from them by ballot the vice-president.*] choosing 4. The Congress may determine the time of choosing the elect- Time ors, and the day on which they shall give their votes; which day electors. shall be the same throughout the United States. president. of 5. No person, except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the QualificaUnited States at the time of the adoption of this constitution, shall tons of the be eligible to the office of president; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained the age of thirtyfive years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States. the office in the vice-pre 6. In case of the removal of the president from office, or of his In case of death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties ace of of said office, the same shall devolve on the vice-president; and president, the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, sident to act, resignation, or inability, both of the president and vice-presidentdeclaring what officer shall then act as president; and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a president shall be elected. &c. president. 7. The president shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensacompensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished tion of the during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them. an oath. presi 8. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take The the following oath or affirmation :-"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) dent to take that I will faithfully execute the office of president of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the constitution of the United States." SECTION 2. of the presi 1. The president shall be commander-in-chief of the army and Powers navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states dent. when called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. 2. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of, the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law; but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior offi Ib. Other duties and powers. cers, as they think proper, in the president alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. 3. The president shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session. SECTION 3. 1. He shall, from time to time, give to the Congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convené both houses, or either of them; and, in case of disagreement between them with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United States. SECTION 4. Officers ble to im lia- 1. The president, vice-president, and all civil officers of the peachment. United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. power. Judges hold offices their ARTICLE III. SECTION 1. Judicial 1. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may, to from time to time, ordain and establish. The judges, both of the dur- supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good havior, &c. behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. ing good be Extent the judicial power. SECTION 2. of 1. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority;-to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls; -to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction;-to controversies to which the United States shall be a party;-to controversies between two or more states;-between a state and citizens of another state;-between citizens of different states;-between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states, and between a state, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens or subjects. appellate ju Original and 2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and risdiction or consuls, and those in which a state shall be a party, the Supreme the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases be court. |