It is in Juvenal's style to make illustrations satirical. They are here very artfully and ingeniously introduced 76.

The second is the character of an old country 'squire, who starves himself, to breed his son a lawyer and a gentleman. It appears, that the vanity or luxury of purchasing dainties at an exorbitant price began early.

Let sweet-mouth'd Mercia bid what crowns she please,
For half-red cherries, or greene garden pease,

Or the first artichoak of all the yeare,

To make so lavish cost for little cheare.
When Lollio feasteth in his revelling fit,
Some starved pullen scoures the rusted spit:
For els how should his son maintained be
At inns of court or of the chancery, &c.
The tenants wonder at their landlord's son,
And blesse them" at so sudden coming on!

More than who gives his pence to view some tricke
Of strange Morocco's dumbe arithmeticke 78,

Or the young elephant, or two-tayl'd steere,

Or the ridg'd camel, or the fiddling freere",
Fools they may feede on words, and liue on ayre
That climbe to honour by the pulpit's stayre;
Sit seuen yeares pining in an anchor's cheyre 1,
To win some patched shreds of minivere 82!

80
"

He predicts, with no small sagacity, that Lollio's son's distant posterity will rack their rents to a treble proportion,

And hedge in all their neighbours common lands.

Enclosures of waste lands were among the great and national grievances of our author's

76 B. iv. 1. f. 7.

77 Themselves.

78 Bankes's horse called Morocco. See Steevens's note, Shaksp. ii. 292.

79 Shewes of those times. He says, in this Satire,

.................. 'Gin not thy gaite

Untill the evening owl, or bloody bat;

Neuer untill the lamps of Paul's been light:

And niggard lanterns shade the moon-shine night.

The lamps about Saint Paul's were at this time the only regular night-illuminations of London. But in an old collection of jests, some bucks coming drunk from a tavern, and reeling through the city, amused themselves in pulling down the lanterns, which hung before the doors of the houses. A grave citizen unexpectedly came out and seized one of them, who said in defence, "I am only snuffing your candle." Jests to make you Merie. Written by T. D. and George Wilkins. Lond. 1607, 4to. p. 6. Jest. 17.

80 The law is the only way to riches. Fools only will seek preferment in the church, &c.

1 In the chair of an anchoret.

ez The hood of a master of arts in the universities. B. iv. 2, f. 19. He adds:

And seuen more, plod at á patron's tayle,

To get some gilded chapel's cheaper sayle.

I believe the true reading is gelded chapel. A benefice robbed of its tythes, &c. Sayle is sale. So in The Return from Parnassus, A. iii. S. 1: "He hath a proper gelded parsonage."

age". It may be presumed, that the practice was then carried on with the most arbitrary spirit of oppression and monopoly.

The third is on the pride of pedigree. The introduction is from Juvenal's eighth satire; and the substitution of the memorials of English ancestry, such as were then fashionable, in the place of Juvenal's parade of family statues without arms or ears, is remarkably happy. But the humour is half lost, unless by recollecting the Roman original, the reader perceives the unexpected parallel.

Or call some old church-windowe to record

The age of thy fair armes.......

Or find some figures half obliterate,

In rain-beat marble neare to the church-gate,
Upon a crosse-legg'd tombe. What boots it thee,
To shewe the rusted buckle that did tie
The garter of thy greatest grandsire's knee?
What, to reserve their relicks many yeares,
Their siluer spurs, or spils of broken speares ?
Or cite old Ocland's verse 4, how they did wield
The wars in Turwin or in Turney field?

Afterwards, some adventurers for raising a fortune are introduced. One trades to Guiana for gold. This is a glance at sir Walter Rawleigh's expedition to that country. Another, with more success, seeks it in the philosopher's stone.

When half his lands are spent in golden smoke,

And now his second hopefull glasse is broke.
But yet, if haply his third fornace hold,
Devoteth all his pots and pans to gold.

Some well-known classical passages are thus happily mixed, modernised, and accommodated to his general purpose.

Was neuer foxe but wily cubs begets;

The bear his fiercenesse to his brood besets:
Nor fearfull hare falls from the lyon's seed,
Nor eagle wont the tender doue to breed.
Crete euer wont the cypresse sad to bear,
Acheron's banks the palish popelar:
The palm doth rifely rise in Jury field,
And Alpheus' waters nought but oliue yield:
Asopus breeds big bullrushes alone,

Meander heath; peaches by Nilus growne:

* Without attending to this circumstance, we miss the meaning and humour of the following lines, B. v. 1.

Pardon, ye glowing eares! needes will it out,

Though brazen walls compass'd my tongue about,
As thick as wealthy Scrobio's quickset rowes
In the wide common that he did enclose.

Great part of the third Satire of the same book turns on this idea.

See supr. vol. iii. p. 314,

85 In Judea.

In the fourth, these diversions of a delicate youth of fashion and refined manners are mentioned, as opposed to the rougher employments of a military life.

He adds,

Gallio may pull me roses ere they fall,
Or in his net entrap the tennis-ball;

Or tend his spar-hawke mantling in her mewe,
Or yelping beagles busy heeles pursue:

Or watch a sinking corke vpon the shore",
Or halter finches through a privy doore *,

Or list he spend the time in sportful game, &c.

Seest thou the rose-leaues fall ungathered?

Then hye thee, wanton Gallio, to wed.

Hye thee, and giue the world yet one dwarfe more,

Svch as it got, when thou thyself was bore.

In the contrast between the martial and effeminate life, which includes a general ridicule of the foolish passion, which now prevailed, of making it a part of the education of our youth to bear arms in the wars of the Netherlands, are some of Hall's most spirited and nervous verses.

If Martius in boisterous buffs be drest,
Branded with iron plates upon the breast,
And pointed on the shoulders for the nonce",
As new come from the Belgian-garrisons;
What should thou need to enuy aught at that,
When as thou smellest like a ciuet-cat?

When as thine oyled locks smooth-platted fall,

Shining like varnish'd pictures on a wall?

When a plum'd fanne" may shade thy chalked " face,
And lawny strips thy naked bosom grace ?

If brabbling Makefray, at each fair and 'size",
Picks quarrels for to shew his valiantize,
Straight pressed for an hvngry Switzer's pay
To thrust his fist to each part of the pray;

And piping hot, puffs toward the pointed "3 plaine,
With a broad scot 94, or proking spit of Spaine:

Or hoyseth sayle up to a forraine shore,

That he may liue a lawlesse conquerour ".

If some such desperate huckster should devise

To rowze thine hare's-heart from her cowardice,

As idle children, striving to excell

In blowing bladders from an empty shell.