To the Victor ...: Political Patronage from the Clubhouse to the White House

administration aide American antipoverty program appointed bank bill Bronx Brooklyn campaign candidates chairman Chicago city's civil service Commission Committee Congress Congressional Quarterly congressmen constituents contracts Cook County county leaders court judges defense delegate Democratic discretionary district leaders E.H. Crump election employees Everett Dirksen example favors federal former funds governor groups Haynsworth Illinois industry interest issue Jack Morris job patronage John Johnson Joseph Alioto judgeships judicial patronage judicial selection Kennedy Kevin White lawyers legislators legislature litical Lyndon Johnson Maddox Mayor Daley Mayor Lindsay ment million Missouri Plan Morris Udall Nixon nomination organization party leaders party's patron patronage obligations patronage power patronage system percent political politicians President presidential pressure quid pro quo reform Representative Republican rewards salary Secretary Senate Supreme Court tion tronage U.S. attorneys Udall vote voters White House York City