ing that representatives be sent to watch the cure being worked out by a medical col· lege laboratory said to have been enlisted in the cause by Mr. Lorimer.

And how does it all come about? Good, simple-minded, plodding, scientific men led astray by the heralding of their magnified greatness, and by the glimmer of gold falsely promised. Smooth, polished, unlearned and unscientific men exploiting untruths as facts that they be enriched at the expense of human suffering and escaping penalty. Death by guardians of the law is what happens to those caught robbing the dead. Penalty for highway robbery is fixed by law, but there is no penalty for the unbridled, vicious and lustful craving of the press for notoriety, the intent of which is to enrich itself regardless of the cost in human depravity. Its impossible to find descriptive language to treat this subject fully. Even Webster seems to have omitted the essential words. Barbarism refined, dignified and damnable could not yield more pitiable end results than does the wholesale sowing of printers' ink promises. imbuing thousands with hopefulness, giving up their all to obtain that assured them-the impossible new lease on life.

When the press is forbidden to advise and publish uncensored things in medicine quackery will cease. Forbid the press to publish any scientific medical experiment till the experiment is proven and the thing given its proper place in medicine, then there will not be blasted hopes for thousands of unfortunates and scientists will not be made and unmade in a day and cast to the medical junk discredited for no other reason than a grafting success or failure of an enterprising but vicious and soulless press in its faithful (?) endeavor to teach the dear people. Then we will not need to repeat: "Friedmann, Duket, the Press These Three." S.G.B.

DANGERS OF IRRATIONAL FEEDING. At this season of the year when foodstuffs so easily undergo decomposition unless pro tected by ice, we can learn a far-reaching lesson. The essential conditions for decomposition are the presence of heat, moisture, and bacteria, and unless some opposing factor exerts its influence within reasonable time, putrefaction, of animal foods specially, begins. This rule hold within, as well as outside, the alimentary canal for the same factors exist in the digestive tract. Within the body, with proper mastication,

at

the stomach temperature maintained about a hundred degrees, reasonable amounts of foods are attacked at once by the gastric secretions and digestion begins. Here Shakespere's axiom is reversed, for in digestion, all's well that begins well." With most of us "there is the rub." Food rapidly eaten, or, rationally eaten in excessive amounts, or the use of large quantities of iced drinks, disturb gastric functions. Food will not remain passive within the stomach with heat, moisture and bacteria, any longer than it will out it, either digestion or decomposition begins rather promptly. Digestion properly started progresses normally, in the absence of pathologic lesions; on the other hand, food decomposition in the stomach disturbs the entire alimentary canal. The acute forms of disturbance are fortunately short lived, and are quickly disposed of by vomiting and diarrhea. The severe, farreaching andbody wrecking disturbances are those slow, insidious ones of slight, persistent, progressive accumulation of toxic and bacterial increase, in which the defences of the body, liver, thyroid, suprarenals are overworked. They slowly poison the portal circulation and develop gastric ulcer, anemias and gall bladder diseases in this country, and hepatic abscess in hot climates. These terminal conditions which perplex both the surgeon and internist are, as well as the acute gastroenteric attacks, the result of irrational feeding. J.M.B.

SEX HYGIENE INSTRUCTION IN THE SCHOOLS.

Chicago, as usual, is taking the lead in progressive education, and its school board recently recommended an appropriation of $100,000 for the purpose of teaching sex hygiene in the high schools. As was to be expected, however, a protest has been filed by certain ignorant persons, with the result that action in the matter may possibly be deferred. A writer in the Chicago News says that protests against any action by any public body are easily procured. question for the education board to determine is whether the teaching of sex hygiene in the high schools is for the moral benefit of the children and the community and would be approved by the majority of the community.

The

There can be little doubt that such instruction, under properly qualified instructors, is desirable. The mystery attaching to sex relations and the general ignorance upon the subject among boys and girls have much to do with the prevalence of sex vice.

Boys and girls learn the things that are sought to be taught, but instead of learning them from qualified instructors, under proper influences and in the right surroundings, they obtain their education in the streets and the alleys. Natural things are made mysterious, and the love for the solution of mysteries, innate in the young, has resulted in the blighting of millions of promising young lives.

Investigators into social conditions, prominent educators and the most enlightened members of the medical profession are agreed as on the desirability of teaching sex hygiene in the schools.

It is objected by some of those honestly opposed to sex hygiene teaching in the schools that the proper place for such instruction is the home. That may be granted without weakening in the least degree the argument for this instruction in the high schools.

If all parents were qualified to give this instruction and would give it, it would not be necessary in the schools. But we must

deal with facts, and the fact is that parents are generally neglectful of this duty.

C. W. F.

influence he commanded in medical circles, in the church, at our local Y.M.C.A. and in regard to the education of the young. If the medical, social, industrial and the economic value of a man is determined by what he does and by the verdict of those who pass judgment upon what has been done we can say to our departed friend "well done, thou good and faithful servant."

No physician has set for himself a higher mark, and no one has lived closer to his ideal. He was one of those rare individuals

DEATH OF DR. W. B. DEFFENBAUGH. Death, that unwelcome visitor who is almost always unlooked for, has robbed us of another of our colleagues in the height of his usefulness.

On July 2d, 1913, at 8:45 a.m. Dr. W. B. Deffenbaugh died suddenly at his office without any previous warning. The doctor had been busy during the entire night with two obstetrical cases; went home for breakfast, arrived at his office at 8 a.m. to rest a few minutes preparatory to acting as an expert witness in a damage suit at 9 a.m. In the presence of his stenographer at 8:40 a.m. he started across the room, and as was his custom, with a joke on his lips, sank to the floor, his face turning black, he gasped for breath for a few minutes, and the first physician who responded pronounced him dead. A large number of medical men gathered in a few moments, but life was extinct.

Dr. Deffenbaugh was born in Southern Missouri in 1860, and in 1884 he graduated from the Starling Medical College at Columbus. Ohio. He was the son of a physician. He leaves a wife and three children. Practiced medicine in Arkansas, Texas, but since 1899 in St. Joseph, Mo.

In the career of Dr. Deffenbaugh, as is well known here among the physicians, it was the personal factor-the character of the man, which caused him to possess the

DR. W. B. DEFFENBAUGH.

who did not take advantage of things as they are, for selfish purposes, a tribute which is noteworthy because it is true. The writer does not believe that Dr. Deffenbaugh ever collected a dollar which he did not consider as honestly earned. Add to this professional proficiency and we have the ideal professional man.

Because he was magnanimous he has appeared as a marvel and held the constant esteem and admiration of the people.

We know that the professional spirit is the antithesis of avariciousness. Our profession will attain its highest sphere when every physician displays magnanimity. Men with business propensities may attain local fame and fortune in professional capacities, but their lives retard altruistic development, and they exert a downward degenerative influence in their community.

Altruistic men like Dr. Deffenbaugh are still in the small minority, yet their influence will tend slowly to give us a civilization worthy the name.

He was a man; truth was his element; no fraud could thrive in his society. He was as bold to expose as he was quick to see through false pretense. For this he was thought by some to be uncompromising. He had no enemies. He bore no malice. His was not a nature to see faults in others which were foreign to itself. His friendships were always warm; his antipathies were rarely personal. His faults were all those of a large, generous nature, such as one may look to find in the broad, deep-chested, short-statured man, whose large play of vital functions keeps him forever harshly busy until the whole machine breaks down in one crash.

A more lovely nature never breathed. Many an eye moistened as it met the mournful notice of his death. Many an one felt that one of those true friends on whom absolute, entire reliance might always be placed, had gone and left a void there is no filling.

"He is not dead whose glorious mind
Lifts thine on high-

To live in hearts we leave behind
Is not to die."

P.I.L.

The Bulgarian Bacillus in Diabetes.

Dr. J. Wallace Beveridge in the New York Medical Journal in the last two issues reports 176 cases of diabetes cured by use of the Bulgarian bacillus. He argues for its efficacy in diabetes except when accompanied with hyperacidity.

"The activity of the pancreatic secretion depends mostly upon the acidity in the duodenum and small intestine, this acidity causing a peripheral, local stimulating reflex action on the ganglionic cells scattered throughout the pancreas, while the reflexes of central origin remain inert. When chronic conditions arise to change the acidity of the gastric contents, a corresponding response will be noted in the production of secretion.

"According as a hyperacidity or hypoacidity of the gastric chyle is apparent while passing through the duodenum and upper portion of the small intestine the amount of secretin manufactured is either increased or diminished, and, reflexly, the pancreatic secretions will also be increased or diminished. Should this abnormal chemical reaction continue, whereby the pancreas receives inadequate stimulation dur

ing digestion, serious chemical and meta-. bolic changes will in time manifest themselves, which may eventually combine and prevent complete carbohydrate metabolism.

"The other causes interfering with a normal production of secretin are intestinal putrefaction, ulcer of the duodenum or pylorus, and any lesion involving the mucosa, of the duodenum and upper portion of the small intestine.

"The liver, next to the pancreas, furnishes the most important etiological factor. Only a very brief indication of a few cardinal points will be undertaken. The power of the liver cell to change ammonia into urea is vital. When any abnormal cellular change manifests itself the urea content is lessened and the ammonia output increased.

"This fact is observed in all severe cases of diabetes, in anemias, in some types of intestinal nephritis, in toxemias, in hyper trophic and atrophic cirrhosis of the liver, in chronic inflammations of the gall duct, and in malignancy. A continued low urea output is an unfavorable sign in diabetes. Generally, we find that when the liver is unable to normally change ammonia into urea the secretion of the bile is affected, the production is lessened, and the bactericidal action diminished."

These are the author's conclusions:

"1. The efficacy of this culture in diabetes is undoubtedly due to its power to prevent intestinal putrefaction.

"2. The use of this culture in diabetes is far superior to that of opium, and offers the only rational internal therapy really of value."

Rockefeller's Work Abroad.

According to report from Washington, hookworm authorities have successfully cleaned house in this country. The work is to be extended, although no increase in the fund has been made. Mr. Starr J. Murphy, New York, who has charge of the charities of Mr. Rockefeller announces that the Rockefeller Institute was soon to undertake work of an international character in connection with the eradication of tropical diseases, including the hookworm disease, which affects the people of all countries living in the tropical zone. Mr. Murphy announced that Dr. Wickcliffe Rose of Washington, who has conducted the Rockefeller Foundation's campaign against the hookworm in the United States will leave in a short time for India to carry on the

work there.

Napoleon's Campaign in Russia. By A. Rose, M.D., New York City. Published by the author, 173 Lexington Ave., New York City. (Price $1.50.)

This book is well worth reading apart from its medical interest, as it gives a thrilling description of the hardships encountered during the famous retreat from Moscow. Starvation, the frightful cold and the epidemics, the account of the battles, pictures the retreat of the Grand Army as a monumental disaster.

Solidified Carbon Dioxide in the Successful Treatment

of Cutaneous Neoplasm and Other Skin Diseases, with special reference to Angioma, Epithelioma, aad Lupus Erythematosus. By Ralph Bernstein, M.D., Dermatologist to Hahnemann Hospital Dispensary, Philadelphia, Pa., etc. Fully illustrated. Hammond, Ind.: Frank S.

Betz Co., 1912.

This is a concise and clear and presentation of the author's clinical experience in the treatment of various cutaneous manifestations for which he has found solidified carbon dioxide an admirable therapeutic agent. He considers its origin as a therapeutic agent; general considerations; explanation of its action on the skin; superiority over other methods of procedure; method of solidifying, applications, and therapeutics.

Surgery of the Eye. A Hand-book for Students

and Practitioners. By Ervin Torok, M.D., Surgeon to the New York Ophthalmic and Aural Institute, etc.; and Gerald H. Grout, M.D., Assistant Surgeon to the New York Ophthalmic and Aural Institute, etc. Octavo, 507 pages, with 509 original illustrations, 101 in colors, and 2 colored plates. Philadelphia and New York: Lea & Febiger, Publishers, 1913. (Cloth, $4.50, net.) The authors with their combined experience have produced a thoroughly practical book on the Surgery of the Eye which is second to none. The following plan has been pursued throughout the book: First, before describing each group of operations the authors have discussed the disease for the relief of which they are intended, and have given clear indications for the selection of the proper procedure in any given case. A detailed description of the steps of each operation then follows, with a list of all the instruments required. After this the complications that may occur at the time of operation, and later are taken up, together with the post-operative care of the patient.

Arnold Knapp in an interesting introductory to this work says that books on ophthalmic surgery have usually been either. encyclopedic in their exhaustiveness, or

have omitted a clear description of essential fundamental knowledge, though they give the inestimably valuable result of a single operator's many years of experience.

This book aims to supply the wants of the beginner in ophthalmic operations, and to avoid these two extremes. A special feature of the book is its wealth of illustrations, drawings, and photographs, all new and original, and those have been used unsparingly to elucidate the text. We congratulate the authors in presenting to the student a conservative and sound guide to ophthalmic surgery.

Chloride of Lime in Sanitation. By Albert H. Hooker, Technical Director Hooker Electrochemical Company. New York: John Wiley & Sons. London: Chapman & Hall, 1913.

This volume contains a vast amount of information concerning a cheap and efficacious agent, the use of chloride of lime in sanitation. With it Semmelweiss succeeded in stamping out an endemic of puerperal fever. It is used for sterilizing of bandages and dressings, all kinds of cleaning purposes and a general disinfectant for excreta, for final cleansing of the hands, glassware, crockery, linen, etc. For wounds, lacerations, ulcers, cancerous sores, scrofulous enlargements, also for cutaneous eruptions (especially itch). Stock hypochlorite of strength as described in the U.S.P. should be used. For putrid sore hroat, diseased gums, mouth wash, gargle, dilute 1 to 6. It is a book of value to physicians, sanitary engineers, etc. The last chapter deals with "The War Against the Infectious House Fly."

Vaccine and Serum Therapy. Including also a Study of infections, theories of immunity, specific diagnosis and chemotherapy. By Edwin Henry Schorer, B. S, M. D., Ph. D., formerly assistant Thomas Wilson Sanitarium for Children, Mt. Wilson, Maryland, etc. Second revised edition. St. Louis C. V. Mosby Company, Publishers. (Price, $3,00.)

There is no subject of more timely interest than the treatment of infective diseases with vaccines and sera. A noteworthy point of the book is that specific diagnosis receives as much consideration as the treatment. We have often wished for a medical therapeutic clearing-house, where the laboratory and the clinical investigation will be in competent hands, and the proverbial "shot gun" prescription will be finally elim inated. Vaccines and sera have their indication in some stage in some of the infec tive diseases, and this book comes nearer helping the physician than any one that

A Manual of Surgical Treatment. By Sir W. Watson Cheyne, Bart., C.B., D.Sc., LL.D., F R.S.C., Hon., Senior Surgeon to King's College Hospital, and E. F. Burghard, M. S. (Lond.), F.R.C. S., Surgeon to King's College Hospital, London. New (2d) edition. Thoroughly revised and largely rewritten. In five octavo volumes, containing about 3,000 pages, with about 900 engravings. Philadelphia and New York; Lea & Febiger, 1913. (Price, cloth $6.00, net, per volume.)

This very practical work (Vol. IV) takes up the surgical affections of the entire alimentary system. Beginning with the mouth, tongue and jaws, it covers fractures of the bones, tumors, congenital malformations, injuries, syphilis, tuberculosis and other diseases having a surgical bearing. With equal thoroughness it proceeds to the pharynx and esophagus, and then to the surgical affections of the stomach and intestines. This section includes methods of examination of the stomach and general remarks on laparotomy and intestinal suture, and on affections of the abdominal wall. The treatment of the numerous pathological conditions to which the stomach and intestines are subjects gone into carefully and in detail. The last division of the book gives full attention to the rectum and anus. The illustrations, 208 in number, are unusually large and clear.

The article on the stomach alone, which appears in this volume, is worth the price of the entire set.

Literary Lore

How to Swim.-Every boy should learn to swim, should learn it almost as he learns how to walk. Then there would not be so many deplorable drowning accidents every summer. This is the contention of L, de B. Handley, who, in an article on "Up-to-date Methods for Success in Swimming," which will appear in the August St. Nicholas, tells boys how to become experts in this healthy art. The article will be illustrated with many photographs showing the correct ways of making the principal strokes.

The American Attitude Toward Life."With us, " says Theodore Dreiser in "The First Voyage Over," in the August Century, the business of life is not living, but achieving. Roughly speaking we, are willing to go hungry, dirty, to wait in the cold, and to fight gamely, if in the end we can achieve one or more of the seven stars in the human crown of life. Several of the forms of supremacy may seem the same,

"The average American is not born to place. He does not know what the English sense of order is. We have not that national esprit de corps which characterizes the English and the French, perhaps, certainly the Germans. We are loose, uncouth, but, in our way, wonderful. The spirit of God has once more breathed upon the

waters."

On the Trail of the Molecule. It came to be evident, about the middle of the last century, that, in order to explain certain facts connected with the relative weights of gases, matter must not merely consist of atoms, but that these atoms have the power of uniting in small groups. In forming a compound, indeed, this must be so; for instance, carbonic-acid gas must consist of one atom of carbon which, along with two atoms of oxygen, forms a small group of three atoms. The novelty of the conception, was in the notion that oxygen itself, in the state of gas, as it exists, for example, in the air, consists of small groups of atoms; in this case, two. To such small groups of atoms was given the name molecules. A molecule is that portion of a substance which can exist in the free state, as oxygen does in air. An atom generally exists in combination; but atoms may, and sometimes do, exist separately; in which case they also are termed molecules. Now, can molecules be seen? Is their existence a mere assumption. The answer to that question is: no, they cannot be seen; but artificial molecules can be made which correspond so closely in their behavior to real molecules that the existence of real molecules is practically certain. Moreover, although no one has ever seen a molecule, still the track of a molecule molecule moving through space has been seen; and just as Robinson Crusoe was right in inferring the existence of Man Friday from his footstep imprinted in the sand, so the real existence of a molecule may just as certainly be inferred from the track it leaves.-Sir William Ramsay, in Harper's Magazine for August.

New Monograph.

The C. V. Mosby Company, the wellknown western publishing house, who are specializing in the publication of monographs, announce the publication of a new and revised edition of "Vaccine and Serum Therapy" by Dr. Edwin Henry Schorer, of Kansas City, formerly of Harvard University.