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and the following day, sixty were killed at Cortazar, in the state of Gua

najuato. The day after, 122 bandits and no American knows how many federals were killed at Santa Ana. On the twenty

eighth, fifty-two were killed in Morelos, while Zapata, the Scourge, was busy in the state of Puebla, and there is no detailed account from any source either of his atrocities or of his assassinations.

While all these battles

had occurred at some little distance from the City of Mexico, starting in the south, working to the west, then gaining the north, and wherever they had once been fought leaving the localities in a state of siege and reprisal, the territory immediately contiguous to the capital had been spared.

But on the eighth of December, the capital itself was threatened. There were fresh uprisings in the three states nearest it. From the tower of the cathedral in the City of Mexico could be seen the flames of burning villages. At the same time, throughout the Republic there were such evidences of disaffection as had not been seen even during the worst moments of the Diaz régime.

This résumé, and the diary accompanying it, reveals the situation only in part. It records, however, a loss of life of about 2,800, with innumerable wounded. With the unknown dead and the encounters not

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Compare this with the fact that during the war with Spain the United States lost, killed in action, only 350 men!

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Why is so little of this printed in the United States? For two reasons:

(1) The capitalists, who have been hoping from day to day that the turbulent forces of the revolution would calm themselves as soon as Diaz left, do not encourage the telling of the truth about this situation. Publishing it will hurt trade, they say. The capital already in Mexico needs more capital, and at the present time all work of an organized nature, which means all work engineered by foreigners, for the Mexicans do little by themselves, is at a standstill.

(2) The newspapers of the United States do not keep correspondents in the interior of Mexico, for they say that their readers are not interested in the petty local troubles of an alien race, which is but partly civilized, despite the fact that these people are our next-door neighbors.

We must, however, consider those seventy-seven Americans killed during the past year. Not all of them were adventurers. I quote from El Imparcial of Mexico City, under date of November 15, a despatch from Hermosillo, capital of Sonora.

The rebels are committing depredations all over the state. The most noted among them is the assassination, two days ago, of three North Americans, Frank Lesser, a high employee of the Richard

President Diaz resigned May 25th, 1911. Riots in city May 25th and 26th.

May 27th. Ten thousand rebels attack Diaz's train at Tepeyahualco. Rebel dead 22. Many federal officials killed. Stores looted and burned. Entire state of Durango and southern Chihuahua at the mercy of insurrectionists and bandits. Mining camp of Guanacevi, Durango, in chaos.

June 30th. Socialist revolt in the North. July 3d. Battle at Los Reyes, Michoacan between federals and Maderists. 38 killed, 20 wounded.

July 12th. Fighting at Santa Julia, suburb of Mexico City. 35 killed. July 13th. Bloody battle at Puebla. 377 rebels killed. No statement of federal dead or wounded. Red Cross soldiers killed. 4 Germans killed, 3 men and a woman; also several Spaniards. Great Sept. 3d. riots in Mexico City.. Scores killed.

son Company, and two miners of the mine called La Sultana near the station of Carbo.

Also, from the Mexican Herald (in English) under date of July 23, from Torreon, state of Coahuila, the following:

Sept. 5th. Fighting in Chinameca, state of Morelos, between Zapata's forces and federals. Zapata's dead, 60. Federals' unknown.

Sept. 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th. Battles between federals and rebels in

E. Delafond, a French capitalist of Mexico City, had a narrow escape from violence recently when a revolutionary band insulted both the French and American flags. A demand was made on him for $6,000, which he could not meet in cash. Being French born and an American citizen, he raised the French flag over his residence and the Stars and Stripes over his factory. Both were torn down with insulting epithets and either burned by revoltosos or wrapped around the legs of their horses for ornaments!

This spectacle of the American flag wrapped around the legs of Mexican rebels' horses is the natural and inevitable outcome of the words of various rebel leaders.

Said Abraham Gonzalez, Governor of the state of Chihuahua, before a public meeting in July, two months after Diaz had sailed for Europe: "You Americans may well be sad, for it will be different for you now."

Again, another jefe (chief), this time Don Manuel Cuesta Gallardo, Governor-elect of the state of Jalisco, speaking before a workingmen's society in Guadalajara, said, as reported in the Mexican Herald:

"The citizens of the United States are enemies of the internal welfare of this Republic."

The report of his speech continues in the third person, saying: "Mr. Cuesta, with facile speech, went on to show what had

Diary of Events from May 25, signed, to December 12, 1911, bellion against

Chiapas, principally at Tuxtla Gutierrez. Newspaper accounts say the Grijalva River was choked with dead.

Sept. 28th. General Bernardo Reyes left Mexico, via Vera Cruz.

Oct. Ist. Battle at San Juan del Rio, Morelos, between Zapatists and federals. 40 dead. Jonacatepec, Morelos, sacked.

Oct. 2d. Battle in Tehuantepec, Oaxaca. Rebel killed 21. 25 wounded. Charles P. Woolrich killed.

Oct. 5th.

General fighting in states of Morelos, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Puebla.

Oct. 6th. Bloody battle between federals and rebels in city of Chicuazan, Chiapas. 65 rebels killed; scores wounded.

Oct. 7th. Battle between federals and Chamula Indians near Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas. 200 killed and wounded.

Oct. 10th. Fight at Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas. 30 dead, 40 wounded. Prisoners in jails liberated by rebels.

Oct. 11th. City of Jonacatepec, Morelos, besieged by 1500 bandits.

Oct. 12th. Town of Ozumba, 45 miles distant from Mexico, captured and looted by rebels. Oct. 21st. Railroad bridge blown up at Ozumba, in the state of Mexico. Military train wrecked and rolled into cañon. At Huajuapan de Leon, Oaxaca, a train was fired into and wrecked.

happened in Colombia, Porto Rico, etc., and more expecially in Nicaragua, where our neighbors insisted on setting up a government to their own liking."

The Madero government professes friendship for the United States; it enlists and obtains support in driving Reyes away from

Oct. 24th. Bridges blown up and trains wrecked a few miles out of Mexico City.

Oct. 25th. Three thousand rebels entered the Federal District, sacked and burned the towns of Milpa Alta, San Mateo, Nativitas, Tulyahualco, Tenango, and Tuchitepec.

the border, so that he may not foment there another revolution such as Madero carried on to an unexpected success; and even demands that the life of one of its citizens, Leon Martinez, tried, convicted, and sentenced to be hanged in Texas for the murder of Miss Emma Brown, a school-teacher, shall be spared. The friendship is accepted, as professed; Reyes is driven away; and Martinez, though his sentence was to be carried out on September 1, is still unhanged.

Meanwhile, on November 25, El Diario Español, one of the most powerful organs of publicity in Mexico, published the fol

1911, the day on which Diaz reshowing the growth of the reMadero's authority

Oct. 26th.

The town of Caajomulco, Morelos, sacked and burned.

Oct. 29th. Fighting between rebels and federals in state of Sonora. 16 dead and many wounded. At Xochutlan, Morelos, 32 rebels were killed and many wounded. City of Choula near Puebla attacked. 90 killed.

Nov. Ist.

Battle in the streets of Torreon, lasting 5 hours. Fighting in the states of Mexico and Puebla. Many haciendas attacked and looted. The plant of the Puebla Light & Power Company attacked and robbed.

Nov. 2d. Mazatlan at the mercy of the rebels. Zapatists threatening Pachuca. Many haciendas in the state of Hidalgo sacked and owners murdered. Nov. 3d. Battle at Juchitan, Oaxaca. 100 rebels killed. Acatlan, Puebla, attacked and sacked. Nov. 4th. Cuautla, Morelos, besieged by Zapatists. Another battle in Juchitan. 300 dead. Nov. 5th. Another hundred killed in Juchitan. New revolution launched in favor of Emilio Vasquez Gomez. Nov. 6th. Atrocities by the hordes of Zapata. A station on the Interoceania Railroad attacked. Station agent and brother tortured and murdered. Their sisters attacked.

Nov. 7th. One thousand corpses in streets of Juchitan. Rebels stacked up the dead and formed barriers, behind which they fought the federals.

Nov. 9th. Juchitan, Oaxaca, reduced to ruins. Battle at Tecomavaca. 30 dead.

Nov. 13th. Buildings in the hacienda of Santa Catalina, state of Durango, looted and dynamited. Employees killed. Many Spaniards killed near Juchitan. 3500 workmen on strike in Torreon.

Nov. 15th. Three Americans murdered in

lowing editorial, for which it received no official disapproval, for it is professedly a Madero paper:

From the north will come these new barbarians with the elements which civilization and the art of war have placed in their hands. They are fair, like the men who descended on the southern regions of old Europe.

They are not dressed in the skins of beasts, nor do they dance round the bonfires in their forests, but, in their pride of race, they will, like vampires, suck the blood of our traditions; they will merge in the seat of their conquests the crystal lymph of our national independence; a new constellation will be displayed to heaven where once floated the green, red, and white, symbolizing the valor of the Indian and the energy of the Creole, the epic poem of our freedom.

It is for patriotism to assert itself at these moments. It now conjures, but later it may accuse. It speaks now as does one brother to another, but if its voice is not heard, it will speak the language of

menace.

And on those who refuse to hear, the curse of the fatherland will descend and will haunt them as the shade of the murdered Abel dogged the footsteps of Cain-revengeful and implacable.

Sonora. Uprising of the Yaqui Indians. Panic in Torreon. 8,000 workmen on strike. Nov. 18th. Ten thousand strikers in Laguna district. 5,000 more near Puebla. Nov. 19th. City of Coyuca, Guerrero, captured by rebels under Jesus Salgado.

Nov. 22d Battle at Canada de Caracheo, Guanajuato. 40 killed.

Nov. 23d. Battle at Cortazar, Guanajuato, 60 killed. Two Spaniards murdered by rebels.

Nov. 24th. At Santa Ana, Morelos, General Garcia Aragon defeated the rebels under Zapata. 122 bandits killed. No account of federal dead. Nov. 25th. The hacienda of Tres Marias, Morelos, near Guernavaca, looted and burned. Armed rebellion in Tepic; state of Oaxaca secedes. 62 killed near Cuautla, Morelos.

Nov. 28th. Battle at Axochiapam, Morelos, 52 dead. Uprisings reported everywhere.

Dec. 8th. Uprisings in three states contiguous to the City of Mexico. Flames of burning villages seen from cathedral towers in the city.

As it is impossible for an anti-Madero paper to exist long in Mexico, this may be taken as an expression from one who is not, at least officially, out of sympathy with the administration. Ernest T. Simondetti, publisher and editor of El Diario, which opposed the election of Madero, was forced to flee the country, but the editor of El Diario Español remains in favor, though he writes and publishes the above.

Dec. 12th. In a fierce battle between the rebels and federals in Juchitan, Dr. Gomez is killed.

While the Madero government extends its constitutional guaranties to American citizens, it is powerless to enforce them. It can hardly be expected to protect American citizens when it cannot protect its own citizens.

This Madero impotency is a curious. thing; it would be farcical were it not tragic. The man seems toying with forces of which he has no comprehension. The whole revolt its blind fury, its lack of any coherent political direction, its seething forces which may only be defined as anarchical-may be understood if I describe Madero's visit to Puebla in the middle of July. In little, it illustrates the entire national condition at the present time.

Diaz had then been gone two months. Peace had long been declared. Madero was being hailed throughout the country as its liberator. He was passing from town to town to receive the plaudits of the people and to harmonize conditions. When he arrived in a city, a holiday was declared and the inhabitants participated in a fiesta.

July 13, he was to arrive in Puebla, a

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Incidents of this sort, which are of frequent occurrence, are among the milder forms of the lawlessness that prevails

throughout the country

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