ing been demonstrated that the present capacity is insufficient to ensure proper septic action. As the soil of the sewage farm is of clay, the report advises that the purchase of a neighboring property, which is higher and is composed of sandy soil, will enable the town to provide an efficient intermittent system of filtration which will supply the required standard of purification. The report was adopted. The report on the amended diphtheria the amended diphtheria regulations was adopted. Dr. Cassidy moved that the Committee on Epidemics be instructed to continue their efforts to secure a thoroughly satisfactory settlement of the hygiene of barber shops.-Carried. The Board then adjourned. SCHOOL HYGIENE. Sunday Schools. It is no uncommon thing for cases of infectious disease to be traced to Sunday-school entertainments or other meetings. Three cases of scarlet fever were recently proved to have such an origin. Superintendents, teachers, parents, and physicians should bear this in mind. Myopia. Dr. J. E. Widmark, of Stockholm, and Dr. E. Guttman who has recently been making observations on this subject in the Eye Hospital of Professor Magnus, of Breslau, believe it is not near work," but hyperemia of the fundus of the eye, the result of over-use, insufficient food, and the accumulation of the products of fatigue, which is the real cause of this affection. Color-Blindness.-The power of discriminating colors depends, like every other power, on training and exercise. In 10,000 men 369 are partly or wholly color-blind, but only 9 women out of 10,000 are color-blind. Five hundred and eighty boys in the primary schools of New York, who had received a training in discriminating colors, were tested in color vision, with the result that only one was found defective. This interesting fact is stated by Alida S. Williams in the Educational Review. Disease in Brooklyn Schools. Since September 18th last 6,347 children have been excluded from attending the schools on account of disease. Of these 1,979 were excluded because of eye diseases; 2,920 for diseases of the head and body; 75 for diphtheria; 14 for measles; 40 for chicken-pox; 879 for skin diseases; 74 for whooping-cough, and 336 for mumps. A strong plea is made by Dr. Raymond, assistant sanitary superintendent, for the appointment of more inspectors, who shall devote their time exclusively to the schools. It is stated that 4,000 pupils were found who had never been vaccinated, and 41,000 children whose first vaccination had "run out.”—Philadelphia Medical Journal. The Widener Memorial Industrial School. Thirty-two acres on the Old York Road, near Philadelphia, and the sum of $3,000,000 for building and endowment, have been given by a rich man, Mr. P. A. B. Widener, for the use of children who are cripples. The school will be residential, and will offer great advantages to the scholars, who will be taught to maintain themselves at the work for which they are best fitted. This is not by any means the first benefaction from the kind giver. Mr. Widener's old home, a beautiful brown stone mansion, at the corner of Broad Street and Girard Avenue, in Philadelphia, was given to the city as a Memorial Library, in memory of his wife, Josephine Widener, who died there after a long illness. The Memorial Industrial School is in memory of his wife and his son. O, si sic omnes. H. M'M. TEN COMMANDMENTS FOR THE NURSE IN THE SICK ROOM. 1. Thou shalt remove surplus rags, furniture, etc., and make ample room for thy work. 2. Thou shalt maintain perfect ventilation without draughts. 3. Thou shalt keep the patient clean and quiet. 4. Thou shalt foresee the needs of thy patients; do not let them ask for everything. 5. Thou shalt promptly remove and burn sputum, and thoroughly disinfect all culinary utensils and vessels used by the patient. 6. Thou shalt restrict visiting, loud talking, and, above all, whispering, in the sick room. 7. Thou shalt not ask the sick what he wants to eat; rather say, "I have prepared something dainty, and I want you to eat it." 8. Thou shalt not annoy the sick by telling thy troubles, experiences, and all thou knowest. sad 9. Thou shalt let in the sunshine, and try to be a sunbeam thyself. 10. Thou shalt remember that the tenth commandment is to mind thine own business, follow directions faithfully, cheerfully, and promptly, and the sick will arise and call thee blessed.Medical Brief. Journal of Medicine and Surgery J. J. CASSIDY, M.D., EDITOR, 69 BLOOR STREET EAST, TORONTO. Surgery-BRUCE L. RIORDAN, M.D.,C.M., McGill University: M.D. University of Toronto: Surgeon Toronto General Hospital; Surgeon Grand Trunk R.R.; Consulting Surgeon Toronto Home for Incurables; Pension Examiner United States Government; and F. N. G. STARR, M.B., Toronto, Associate Professor of Clinical Surgery, Lecturer and Demonstrator in Anatomy, Toronto University; Surgeon to the OutDoor Departinent Toronto General Hospital and Hospital for Sick Children. Clinical Surgery--ALEX. PRIMROSE, M.B., C.M. Edinburgh University Professor of Anatomy and Director of the Anatomical Department, Toronto University; Associate Professor of Clinical Surgery, Toronto University; Secretary Medical Faculty, Toronto University. Orthopedic Surgery-B. E. MCKENZIE, B. A., M.D., Toronto, Surgeon to the Toronto Orthopedic Hospital; Surgeon to the Out-Patient Department, Toronto General Hospital: Assistant Professor of Clinical Surgery, Ontario Medical College for Women; Member of the American Orthopedic Association; and H. P. H. GALLOWAY, M.D., Toronto, Surgeon to the Toronto Orthopedic Hospital; Orthopedic Surgeon, Toronto Western Hospital; Member of the American Orthopedic Assocía tion. Oral Surgery-E. H. ADAMS, M.D., D.D.S., Toronto. Gynecology and Obstetrics-GEO. T. MCKEOUGH, M.D., Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology-ARTHUR JUKES W. A. YOUNG, M.D., L.R.C.P. LOND., GENERAL MANAGER, 145 COLLEGE STREET, TORONTO. Pharmacology and Therapeutics-A. J. HARRINGTON M.D., M.R.C.S.Eng., Toronto. Medicine J. J. CASSIDY, M.D., Toronto, Member Ontario Mental and Nervous Diseases-N. H. BEEMER, M. D. Public Health and Hygiene-J. J. CASSIDY, M.D., Toronto Physiology-A. B. EADIE, MD., Toronto. Professor of Professor of Diseases of Children Woman's Medical Ophthalmology and Otology-J. M. MACCALLUM, M.D., Laryngology and Rhinology-J. D. THORBURN, M D.. Address all Communications, Correspondence, Books, Matter Regarding Advertising, and make all Cheques, Drafts and Post-office Orders payable to "The Canadian Journal of Medicine and Surgery,” 145 College St., Toronto, Canada Doctors will confer a favor by sending news, reports and papers of interest from any section of the country. Individual experience and theories are also solicited. Contributors must kindly remember that all papers, reports, correspondence, etc., must be in our hands by the fifteenth of the month previous to publication. Advertisements, to insure insertion in the issue of any month, should be sent not later than the tenth of the preceding month. VOL. XIII. IN TORONTO, MARCH, 1903. Editorials. NEW TENDENCIES IN THERAPEUTICS. NO. 3. In an able paper read at the Cairo Congress of Medicine, December, 1902, Professor Charles Bouchard, of Paris, drew attention to the success obtained by himself and others in treating local manifestations of certain general diseases by the topical application of specific remedies. Moreover, he showed that curative results ensued, although a very small dose of the agent was employed. For instance, a syphilitic patient, who had an ulcerated gumma of the lumbar region, had received treatment with mercury and iodide of potassium, these drugs having been used singly and afterwards in combination. Mercury had also been applied by friction with mercurial ointment, and by hypodermic injection of mercurial salts in those parts of the body usually selected for such methods, but at a distance from the seat of the lesion. These treatments having proved ineffective, Bouchard injected sub-cutaneously into the periphery of the gumma, at first 1 centimetre, and subsequently 2 centimetres of a solution of iodide of potassium, each cubic centimetre containing 3 centigrammes of iodide of potassium (6-13 grain). After seven such hypodermic injections of from 3 to 6 centigrammes of iodide of potassium (6-13 to 12-13 grain), the gumma sunk below the level of the patient's skin and cicatrized. Under similar conditions, after experiencing failure from a general treatment with specifics of another patient, who had a gumma, the tumor disappeared after three injections, containing 6 centigrammes each of iodide of potassium (12-13 grain). Bouchard does not discredit general specific treatment in. syphilis. He thinks it is always required, but. he holds that, with or without general treatment, a practitioner by employing the local treatment indicated above, can cure an isolated lesion, or one the progress of which has been checked, and may thereby rapidly get the better of certain unsightly, painful and dangerous manifestations of syphilis, such as those appearing on the face, the eye and the tongue. He even hopes that in the future we may succeed in thus curing the deeper lesions of syphilis. In rheumatism (not the gonorrheal form) equally beneficial effects have been obtained from hypodermic injections of salicylate of sodium. This result has been more particularly observed when the rheumatic affection is no longer increasing, or when it no longer exists as a general disease, but has left certain persistent vestiges behind it, and especially in cases in which it assumes a local type at the very beginning of the attack. Bouchard states that an injection in situ of 3 centigrammes of salicylate of sodium (6-13 grain) cured a case of marked arthritis, and that he cured a case of arthritic effusion into a joint by injecting 10 to 20 centigrammes of this salt (1 7-13 to 3 1-13 graius), dissolved in 2 and 4 cubic centimetres of water respectively. He also tried it successfully in sciatica, in the severe neuritis of zona, and also in painful muscular contracture of the adductors of the thigh, making the injections into the tendinous insertions of these muscles. He has several times observed that, in cases of commencing pleurisy, an injection of the salicylate has relieved the pain in the walls of the thorax and caused the pleurisy to recede. He guards himself by saying, that even when successful in relieving rheumatism of an acute or an erratic type by this treatment, the practitioner should not consider it as all-sufficient. It lowers febrile temperature if the disease is monarticular; but does not prevent the development of arthritis in other joints, or the invasion of the larger serous membranes. In such cases general treatment must be continued. If it is insufficient, the local treatment will prove useful. Bouchard thinks that the rationale of cure by his method is that the specific acts on the diseased part in a proportion, which renders it antiseptic to it, without its ulterior diffusion into the surrounding parts of the organism rendering it a toxic agent. He illustrates this remark by showing that, if 5 grammes of sulphate of quinine were dispersed through the totality of the body of a man weighing 50 kilogrammes, this man would have in each kilogramme of his body, and consequently in each kilogramme of his nervous system, 1 decigramme of the drug, which might be sufficient to cause his death. But the quinine could be introduced into the man's cellular tissue in the proportion of 200 to 1,000, a proportion 2,000 times stronger, without doing any damage to the cellular tissue. He also thinks it possible that the hypodermic injection of specifics in small doses may excite solicitation of the natural acts by which the animal economy struggles against infection. Bouchard shows that the ophthalmic surgeons have preceded general practitioners in local therapeutics by applying specific and non-specific medicines, mercury, idoin, eserin, atropin, and pilocarpin as closely as possible to the diseased parts. In applying local treatment to the local fosse to relieve coryza, the practitioner seeks to prevent a generalisation of an infection towards the respiratory organs. The local application of cocain to the nasal mucous membrane arrests an epistaxis, even when due to a cirrhosis, and a few drops of a 1-1000 solution of adrenalin applied superficially to a bleeding pile arrests the hemorrhage and causes the pile to wither. On two occasions he has observed a disquieting |