and could not bear light; hour and a half
before death was insensible, face pale and
cold, pupils contracted, respiration slow
and stertorous; pulse quick and weak.
Post Mortem.-All the viscera, including
brain, lungs, right heart, spleen and kid-
neys congested. (E. W. Berridge, A. O.,
1876, p. 15-16.)

Acts
upon the cerebral veins, producing con-
gestion; secondarily upon the heart, nerves,
&c. (W. Scharp, Bib. Hom., vol. VIII., p.
26.)

-Some uses of, in cases of Puerperal Eclamp

sia and Typhoid Fever. (C. E. Hastings, Mass. Trans., vol. IV., p. 594.)

Drug action of. (Wm. Owens, C. M. A. pp. 397,469.)

Parretaria. (E. B. Ivatts, H. W., vol. XI., p. 136.)

Perlen Mutter. Mother of Pearl.

Inhala

tion of Dust of, causes an inflammation of the diaphysis of bones.

The affection begins suddenly, with pains in the extremities of diaphysis of any long bone, without periostitis being present; afterwards the swelling of the periosteum takes place at the same spot, and then the inflammation spreads to the marrow of the bone.

Patients have fever during the duration of this process. The insoluble Conchiolin is supposed to be the cause.(?) [G. Gussenbauer, Internat. Hom. Presse, 1876, p. 669.]

Penthorum Sedoides. Or Virginia Stone Crop. [D. B. Morrow, C. M. A., p. 88, 367, 1875.]

-

Merc. Cor. and Arsen. Alb. suffer more or less decomposition when mixed with milk-sugar. Dilutions of Argent. Nit. should always be made with distilled water. [E. P. Colby, Mass. Trans., vol. IV., p. 360.]

Terminology. A paper. [T. F. Allen, M.
I., vol. IV., p. 250, 1876.]

- Nomenclature. Answer to a criticism. [L. Sherman, M. I., vol. IV., p. 273, 1876.]

Pharmacology. And provings. Importance of departments of, in Homeopathic colleges. [E. M. Hale, B. J. of H., July, 1876, p. 439.]

Pharmacy. Report of committee on list of remedies to be kept from the light:

All the animal poisons; Argentum Nitrate; Aurum Muriaticum; Acid Formic; Bromine and the Bromides; Ferrum Accticum; all the organic acetates; Hydrocy anic Acid; Iodine and the Iodides; Merc. Sol.; Secale Corn.; Ustilago ; Ustilago; Phosphorus. [E. P. Colby, Mass. Trans., vol. IV., p. 707.]

Microscopic Structure of Lycopodium Sporules. By I. C. Thompson. A crude examination of Lycopodium in the microscope, with a one inch objective, shows it to be composed of an infinite number of minute hard straw-colored particles each about th of an inch in diameter. Upon applying a quarter or one-fifth objective, these little particles will be seen to possess a definite regular form, each particle being a hard nut, rounded on one side, converging in triangular lines, with flattened sides, to an apex on the other side, and the whole surface covered with rounded knobs.

After pounding a small portion for a considerable time in a Wedgwood mortar, ex. amination showed the nuts not to be per ceptibly altered or fractured; but on repeating the process with a very minute quantity of the sporules in an agate mortar and pestle, many of the nuts were found to be completely fractured and their contents dispersed. Conjecturing that the contents of the nut, whatever its nature, contained the vital medicinal element of the Lycopo dium, the broken sporules, with the addition of a drop of water, were put under the microscope, when a large number of unmis takable oil-globules were at once visible.

A similar experiment to the last was next: made, but with the addition of Ether to the ground sporules in place of water, the result being as anticipated that no oil-globules were visible, being absorbed by the Ether.

These experiments seem to prove con clusively that, as in the case of many seeds, the hard-cased sporules of Lycopodium are filled with a peculiar oil. If then, as surmised, it is to the action of this oil upon the system that the medicinal virtues of Lycopodium are to be ascribed, the apparent inconsistency respecting it between the two systems of medicine is at once ex

plained the nutty sporules as administered in their unaltered form by the adherents of the old school probably passing through the system without any assimilation having taken place; while, on the other hand, the homeopaths have by trituration and subsequent attenuation, extracted the oil, and administered it in a form easily assimilable with the tissues of the body.

I was not a little surprised to find on microscopically examining the lower triturations how few comparatively of the sporules were broken, the greater number of them having escaped fracture altogether, lying about the sugar crystals quite uninjured.

I find that if a small quantity (not more than 500 grains) be very well triturated for two hours, the 1x trituration so prepared will, on microscopic examination with the one-fifth objective, show all the sporules to be thoroughly crushed.-(Brit. Jour. of Hom,, vol. 34, p. 183.)

Pharmaco-dynamics. Manual of, by R. Hughes. Reviews of. [L. Sherman, M. I., vol. III., p. 415, 1876; S. A. J., A. O., 1876, p. 5.]

Phosphorus. A case of poisoning with Phosphorus gave the following facts at the autopsy, all of which are also shown more or less in the pathogenesis of the drug: Gastro-enteritis hæmorrhagica; induratio et hyperæmia lienalis; nephritis parenchymatosa; hæmorrhagia retroperitonitis; hepar adiposum even utero; hepatitis parenchymatosa; myocarditis parenchymatosa; hyperæmia pulinonum; peritonitis circumscripta adhesiva; hydrops tubarum; oophortis chronica hypertrophia ateri; endometritis hæmorrhagica. [S. L. in N. A. J. of M., May, 1876.]

Phosphorus and Hyosciamus.

of the Throat and Chest.

PHOSPHORUS.

A case of poisoning. [L. D. Morse, M. I., vol. IV., p. 488, 1876.]

Clinical reports on the action. [Goullon, Zeitche fur Hom. Klin., 1876, p 33.] Brilliant effects of-On the 3d of April I had an opportunity to see the child. It was stone blind. A well pronounced case of amaurosis. Healthy child, large head, only slight weakness of the feet prevented standing and walking. Phosphorus 6th centesimal morning and evening. Fourteenth of the same month I received a letter in which was written, "the child has much more sight." On the 2d of May I had a second opportunity to see the child. She took what was offered her, noticed different objects. Perfectly normal sight has not been attained, but the probability that the improvement will continue can hardly be doubted; at all events the characteristic influence of phosphorus is astonishingly great. [H. Goullon, Jr., in Algem. Hom. Zeit., N. E. M. G., vol. XI., p. 343.]

Indigestion and diarrhea when cold drinks are desired and agree. [T. A. Capen, Mass. Trans., vol. IV., p. 373.]

not.

Constant irritation of the throat with diarrhæa. Warm food aggravated; cold did One dose cured. [W. B. Chamber lain, Mass. Trans., vol. IV., p. 366.] For Fetid Stools and Flatus-The fetœ is exactly like that given off by lime that has been used at gas works to run gas through to purify it of sulphur and other impurities. I have been struck with its exact resemblance to the diarrhæic stools when phosphorus is the only curative remedy. [R. R. Gregg, Trans., N. Y. S., 1876-7, p. 134.]

HYOSCIAMUS.

tip.

Sensation of cotton in the throat.

Stitches in the left side of the chest,relieved by lying on the right side.

Cough dry, spasmodic; caused by speech, laugh

ing, eating or drinking anything warm, amelioration from eating something cold or lying on the right side.

Picric Acid. Decreases the number of the red corpuscles, owing to their destruction, and white corpuscles increase, due to their more rapid production. (S. A. Jones, M. I., vol. IV., p. 104, 1876.)

Prepared by introducing Nitric acid into pure Carbolic acid, or into a combination of Carbolic and Sulphuric acids. Commercial article often adulterated. The acid and its combinations are liable to explode on exposure to sudden heat, and Pierate of potassa may be exploded by percussion. [A. O., 1876, p. 579.]

-In spinal congestion, a case reported by E. M. Hale. (H. W., vol. XI., p. 259.) Piscidia Erythrina. Jamaica Dogwood. Violent sense of heat in stomach, gradually extending to the surface, followed by profuse diaphoresis and profound sleep. (E. W. Berridge, N. E. M. G., vol. XI., p. 12.) Plantago Major. English Medicinal Plants. A. Ŏ., 1876, p. 273.]

Plants. Related botanically, related therapeutically. [J. H. Smith, Mass. Trans., vol. IV., p. 225.]

Platinum. Three grains of Perchloride of,

caused considerable headache, heat and weight in epigastrium, constriction of throat, and nausea. Same preparation applied locally causes itching and slight eruption. [E. W. Berridge, A. O., 1876, p. 16.]

Plumbum. Lead cosmetic produces convul

sions, contraction, and paralysis of the extremities, and finally coma. Post-mortem examination of a case showed jelly like ramollissement at the base of the left middle cerebral lobe, which contained lead. [M. Rosenthal, B. J. of Hom., Oct., 1876, p. 623.]

200

Podophyllin." When in bed rolls his head both on awaking and when awake. [E. W. Berridge, N. E. M. G., vol. XI., p. 12.]

Diabetes Mellitus and Insipidus; two cases cured. Chalk-like stools; urinating immediately after drinking; micturition profuse and frequent. [Geo. B. Palmer, Trans. N. Y. S., 1876-7, p. 144.]

Polygonum Bistorta. [E. B. Ivatts, H. W., vol. VI., p. 357.]

Polytrichum Juniperinum. Painful void.

ing of dark urine, accompanied with hot skin and headache. [Compare Nux. V. and Canth.] [A. M. Cushing, Mass. Trans., vol. IV., p. 161.]

Potassium. Bromide of, produces acne, distinguished from the common form by attacking not only the face, shoulders, breast and back, but also the scalp and supra-orbital region, or even the entire body. Its preference is for hairy parts of the body. [H. M., June, 1876.]

Cyanide of. Found himself losing his con sciousness, whether riding or walking. [Dr. Chase, Mass. Trans., vol. IV., p. 14.]

Potatoes. Five persons said to have had gid、 diness, headache and vomiting from emanations of. Quoted from London Med. Gazette. [E. W. Berridge, A. O., 1876, p. 78.]

Primary and Secondary Symptoms of Drugs as guides in the selection of reme dies in practice.

It does not follow that this double action of our remedies serves us as guides in the selection of remedies in practice in all cases.

By primary symptoms I mean those symptoms first to appear in order of time of development, but not necessarily those symptoms which stand highest in rank of importance.

In Podophyllum we find from the exhibition of the crude drug in massive doses, looseness of the bowels, or diarrhoea, always to result as a primary symptom; if administered in smaller but yet appreciable doses

(say of a grain), two or three doses will nearly always accomplish the same result, but in a lesser degree; and if we exhibit it in the high potencies, two or three doses will rarely produce a relaxation of the bowels, and, if at all, only after the lapse of several days.

By secondary symptoms I mean those which appear after the first or primary symptoms have disappeared, or after taking the drug a few days or weeks. Those symptoms which appear last and remain the longest are generally considered secondary. And yet, although they appear the last, and are secondary as to time of appearance, they are not to be considered as inferior to, or of less value than, or even subordinate to, the primary symptoms, but are really, in most chronic diseases, of the very highest importance. As examples of secondary symptoms I cite:

In Nux vomica we find continued copious emission of urine as a secondary or curative effect, upon the authority of Hahnemann.

In Podophyllum we have constipation, with flatulence and headache, fæces hard and dry and voided with difficulty, as a secondary effect (from massive or appreciable doses.)

Aloes in allopathic practice is cathartic, affecting the rectum chiefly. In our practice Aloes would be indicated in yellow, fecal stools, bloody mucus stools, resembling jelly, and in involuntary stools. It is one of our most valuable remedies for diarrhoea and dysentery (Bell.) because its primary symptoms in the healthy show it to produce a laxative effect on the bowels, particularly on the descending colon and

rectum.

Colocynthis (Cucumis colocynthis), according to allopathic writers, is a strong cathartic, acting chiefly on the upper part of the intestines. Homœopathic physicians would administer it for saffron-yellow stools, frothy liquid stools, first watery and mucus, then bilous, and lastly bloody stools, excoriating, frequent but not profuse. In this remedy particularly, the high potencies act beautifully and speedily, while in the low potencies, or tincture form, we often miss this promptness of action.

Elaterium (the dried sediment from the juice of the squirting cucumber) is a most powerful cathartic, and as such has frequently been used in dropsies. Indications for its use homeopathically are: Frothy, watery stools, frequent, copious, and urgent, dark-green mucus stools, sometimes in whitish mucus stools mixed with blood.

I know of no indications for its use in constipation of the bowels, unless administered in very crude doses.

Gummi gutti (cabogia or gambogia) is a powerful hydragogue cathartic in allopathy. Bell, says of it (used homopathically): "It is one of the most important remedies in the treatment of diarrhoea, both acute and chronic, and has also a place in the therapeutics of infantile diarrhoea, and of dysentery." In thin yellow fecal stools, coming out all at once with a single, somewhat prolonged effort, preceded by sudden urging, with hot pinching throughout the abdomen, and feeling of great relief in the

abdomen after a stool, it is invaluable, and high or low, or even in the crude yellow powder we find in the shops, it will work speedily and well. I remember three years ago giving some of the crude drug (because I had no other, and could get no other in less than twenty-four hours) to one of my children who was suffering intensely with the symptoms given above. One dose (probably oue-eigth of a grain) worked admir ably and produced immediate amelioration, Since then I have prescribed the 30th potency with more pleasure, but not with any pleasanter result.

Magnesia carbonica, according to oldschool therapeutics, is laxative when it meets with acid in the stomach, and is considered an aperient. In our practice, in certain cases of infantile diarrhoea, when we find green, watery, scummy stools, the scum resembling that floating on top of stagnant pools or ponds, with or without blood accompanying the stool, Magnesia carb. will speedily, surely cure, because it is specific to the case. In this class of cases, and in green watery stools, with bloody mucus sinking to the bottom of the vessel, Magnesia carbonica will be found to be al most invaluable.

Podophyllum is purgative in large doses, laxative in small doses, according to oldschool writers. With us it will ameliorate and cure frequent, gushing, painless stools, so often found in cholera morbus and infantum. The more clearly the stools are frequent, profuse, and copious, each stool seeming to drain the patient dry, but soon followed by another stool just as copious, the more surely will Podophyllum be curative.

Veratrum album. "Violently purgative and emetic, even when applied to an ulcerated surface." (Dunglison.) With me, a characteristic indication for its use has been the purging and vomiting simultaneously, in any form of cholera. When this condition was present I have never known it to fail. In involuntary stools, with cold sweat on the forehead, sunken jaw, etc., a dose of the 200th will put an entirely different aspect on the case in two or three hours.

A few of our principal remedies for constipation, the primary symptoms of which show constipation to follow immediately after taking the drug.

Alumina.-Retention of stool. No stool during the first days. *Tenesmus, lasting a long while, and succeeding a troublesome

pressure in the abdomen; the evacuation comes on slowly, and can only be effected by straining the abdominal muscles; the intestines appear to be inactive for want of peristaltic motion. *The rectum is inactive, as if it were deficient in peristaltic motion, and had not strength enough to press the contents out. *Hard and difficult stool, attended with pain in the rectum. Secondary Symptoms Diarrhoea, succeeding a retention of stool which had lasted six days; six evacuations a day, every evacuation being preceded by colic, which sometimes continued even after the evacuation had taken place.

Bryonia.-*Chronic constipation. *Hard, tough stool, with protrusion of the rectum. Dry stool, as if burnt. *The fæces are of a large size, and are therefore passed with difficulty. Two stools a day; in a few days *constipation. This symptom occasions the following foot-note by Hahnemann: "A more frequent primary effect of Bryonia is retention of stool; its alternate effect, looseness of the bowels, is rarer; when the other symptoms correspond, Bryonia is therefore able to cure constipation, which few remedies, besides Nux vomica and Opium, can do." Secondary Symptoms: *Diarrhoea, alternating with constipation. Diarrhoea at night. Diarrhoea four days in succession, one evacuation every three hours, and so sudden that he was unable to retain it. Diarrhoea, smelling like rotten cheese. Hard stool, followed by diarrhea, with fermentation in the abdomen.

Lycopodium.-*Stool not daily, sluggish and no desire. Stool every other day. No stool for the first two or three days; at the end of this period he has a copious natural evacuation of the bowels. Secondary Symptoms: Papescent stool once or twice a day, from the fifth day, for several weeks.

о

Nux vomica.-*Constipation, *with rush of blood to head. Constipation, as if from inactivity of the bowels. *Constipation, as if from contraction and constriction of bowels. Constipation of infants, and after coffee. Constipation of pregnant females. Again, the first part of stool issoft, the latter is hard. Secondary Symp toms: Involuntary thin stool, with emission of flatulence in the morning, followed by hard fæces.

Opium.--Constipation for ten days, terminating in death. Constipation for several months. *Costiveness. *Costiveness for six or eight weeks, with loss of appetite, nothing but small hard black balls being|

passed. Secondary Symptoms: Papescent stools; watery diarrhoea whenever a female uses Opium for her toothache; liquid, frothy stools.

Plumbum.-Disposition to constipation increasing constantly, and finally resisting every remedy. Alternation of constipation and diarrhoea. Secondary Symptoms: Dysentery.

We must never lose sight of the fact that "the totality of the symptoms" must also be considered, must also be covered, if we would do our whole duty to our patients.

In Impotency, Agnus Castus has dimin ished sexual instinct. The penis is so rclaxed that not even voluptuous fancies excite it; diminution and slowness of the sexual powers, which are usually very easily and powerfully excited; the penis is small and flaccid (in a very healthy man). To prevent getting children a man took for three months, morning and evening, twelve grains of the Agnus Castus, by which the parts were weakened to such an extent that not only did the erections become deficient, but he lost his semen as he intended, and never begat children An exceptional symptom is "unusually violent erections, without cause and without any amorous thoughts; the erection was accompanied with a kind of amorous rage, without any desire for emission; he gnashed his teeth from an excess of voluptuous sensation for half an hour in the morning when rising."

Conium.-The sexual desire is entirely wanting during the first day, in spite of tho most exciting allurements. Insufficient erection during an embrace. Feeble erec

tion. Languor after an embrace. Excessive sexual desire a secondary symptom.

Lycopodium.-*Diminution of the sexual instinct for ten days. Scanty erections. (the first days). Aversion to an embrace, The penis is small, cold, and remains relaxed. Feeble erections, or *entire absence of erections; even during an embrace the scrotum is relaxed, and the emission is very slow. He falls asleep during an embrace, without emission of semen; an embrace is succeeded by weakness the whole next day. These symptoms are all primary, and yet "extinction of the sexual desire," is given

as a secondary effect. "*Excessive sexual desire. The sexual desire is too easily excited, irresistible every night. Increased fecundity "-are all given as secondary symptoms.