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brought by some prisoners, that the garrison of Fort du Quesne had not been supported from Canada; that the Indians had deserted it; and that it was not in a situation to make resistance. This intelligence induced General Forbes to change his resolution, and to push on to the Ohio. Colonel Washington was ordered to the front to superintend opening the road for the army; which duty he, with extreme fatigue, executed. [Nov. 25, 1758.] In slow and laborious marches, General Forbes reached du Quesne, and found that the French, on the evening preceding his arrival, had set fire to this fort, and had passed in their boats down the river.

The success of the campaign was wholly to be attributed to the pressure of the English on Canada, which constrained the French commander in chief to call in, or weaken his out posts; but for this circumstance, the gloomy predictions of Colonel Washington would have been verified, in the failure of the expedition.

The fort being repaired, was called Fort Pitt, in compliment to the pre-eminent British minister, under whose auspices the war was now conducted.

Colonel Washington furnished two hundred men of his regiment to the garrison, and soon after returned to Williamsburg to take his seat in the House of Burgesses, of which, in his absence, he had been chosen a member.

His services, while commander of the Virginia forces, were appreciated by his countrymen; and the British officers with whom he served, bore honourable testimony to his military talents. The

soldierly and gallant behaviour of his regiment in the field, exhibited the best evidence of the address of their commander, in training them to exact discipline, and exciting in them a martial spirit. His officers expressed the great affection and respect which they entertained for his character, by an unanimous address, presented to him at the close of this campaign; and the inhabitants of the frontiers placed full confidence in him, even at a time when he was unable to defend them from the slaughter and devastation of the enemy.

Colonel Washington now saw the great object attained, to which for years he had directed his whole mind. The enemy was driven from the Ohio, and his country, in a great measure, relieved from the carnage and distress of an Indian war. His health was impaired by the arduous services of the campaign; and his private concerns demanded his attention. He therefore resigned his military commission, and retired to the tranquil scenes of domestic life.

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CHAPTER II.

Colonel Washington's Marriage.—His Management of the Estate of Mount Vernon-Appointed a Judge of the County Court, and a Member of the Virginia Legislature-Chosen a Member of the first Congress-Appointed Commander in Chief of the American Forces-Arrives at Camp-Arranges the ArmyDeficiency of Arms and Ammunition · ·Colonel Arnold detached to Quebec-Success of American Cruizers-Evils of temporary enlistments-An attack on the Enemy's Posts meditated - Possession taken of the Heights of DorchesterBoston evacuated.

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1759.] Soon after the resignation of his military commission, Colonel Washington married Mrs. Martha Custis, a young and beautiful widow, who possessed an ample fortune, and who was endowed with those amiable and pleasing accomplishmens of mind and manners, which give the best security for happiness in the married state. With her, he lived in all the confidence, endearment and felicity which this relation can produce.

On his estate of Mount Vernon, he extensively engaged in the business of agriculture, and was greatly distinguished for the judgment he displayed in the improvement of his lands. Every branch of business was conducted upon system, exact method and economy were observed throughout every department of his household, the accounts of his overseers he weekly inspected, the divi

sions of his farm were numbered, the expense of cultivation, and the produce of each lot were regularly registered; and, at one view, he could determine the profit or loss of any crop, and ascertain the respective advantages of particular modes of husbandry. He became one of the greatest landholders in North America. Besides other great and valuable tracts, his Mount Vernon estate consisted of nine thousand acres, all under his own management. On which, in one year, he raised seven thousand bushels of wheat, and ten thousand of Indian corn. His domestic and farming establishments were composed of nearly a thousand persons; and the woollen and linen cloth necessary for their use, was chiefly manufactured on the estate*,

Order and industry were carried into all his concerns. The authority he exercised over his slaves was blended with great tenderness and humanity, and their affection and gratitude insured a prompt and cheerful obedience to his commands. Mount Vernon was ever the seat of hospitality, and here its rights were liberally exercised. Colonel Washington, although exact in requiring the punctual fulfilment of contracts and engagements, yet was diffusive in offices of humanity and deeds of charity, to those of his vicinity who needed his assistance,

From the close of the war on the frontiers of Virginia, to the commencement of the revolu

See "Legacies of Washington," printed at Trenton, in 1,800.

tionary contest, Colonel Washington acted as a Judge of a County Court, and represented his district in the House of Burgesses of his province. Although never distinguished as a popular speaker, yet the soundness of his judgment, the wisdom of his counsels, and the uniform propriety of his behaviour, secured him the confidence and esteem of all who were acquainted with his character.

While a legislator of Virginia, he took an active and influential part in opposition to the principle assumed by the British Parliament, to tax the American Colonies. When it became expedient to train the militia for the defence of those rights, which the country determined never to sacrifice, the independent companies, in the northern part of Virginia, chose him their commander.

He was elected a member of the first Congress, which met in Philadelphia in 1774; in which body he had a distinguished agency in the arrangement of the military resources of the United Provinces. He was the active member of the committees, to which business of this nature was entrusted.

JUNE 15, 1775.] At the commencement of hostilities, Congress deemed it necessary to appoint a commander in chief of the American forces. The eminent character of Colonel Washington pointed him out as the best qualified to unite the confidence of the public, and successfully to conduct the arduous conflicts of the war. Congress unanimously elected him "general and commander in chief of the United Colonies, and of all the

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