5. Immigration in the Fifties (366).

6. The Immigration Law of 1864 (412, 436).

7. The German, Irish and Scandinavian Immigrants of the Sixties

(436).

8. Immigration between 1878 and 1885 (456).

9. Restrictive Immigration Laws (467, 598).

XXVI. EXPANSION SINCE 1789

I. The Louisiana Purchase (217-219).
2. The Florida Purchase (242-244).
3. The Annexation of Texas (299-302).
4. Acquisition of Oregon (304).
5. The Mexican Cession (310).
6. The Gadsden Purchase (362).

7. The Purchase of Alaska (431).

8. The Annexation of Hawaii (510).

9. The Acquisition of the Philippine Islands and of Porto Rico (524-526).

10. The Panama Canal Strip (541).

II. The Virgin Islands (575).

XXVII. POLITICAL PARTIES

1. Federalists and Anti-Federalists (183).

2. Federalists and the Democratic-Republican Party (194-195). 3. A British Faction and a French Faction (200).

4. The Downfall of the Federalist Party (209-211).

5. The Political Party and Patronage; the Spoils System (215, 269, 464).

6. The Era of Good Feelings (251).

7. The End of Caucus Rule (262).

8. Democrats and National Republicans (266).

9. Whigs and Democrats (282).

10. The Liberty Party (297).

II. The Free Soil Party (324).

12. The Rise of the Republican Party (342-348).

13. The Know-Nothing Party (347).

14. The Political Parties in the Election of 1860 (356-357).

15. Liberal Republicans (455).

16. The Prohibition Party (455).

17. The Populist Party (504, 515).

18. The Socialist Party (544).

19. The Progressive Party (568).

20. Direct Nominations (556).

XXVIII. NULLIFICATION AND SECESSION

1. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (211). 2. The Hartford Convention (232).

3. South Carolina Opposes the Tariff of Abominations (270). 4. The Debate of Hayne and Webster (271).

5. Jackson and Nullification (274).

6. The First Secession (371).

7. The Border States and Secession (379).

8. The End of Secession (428, 433).

XXIX. FOREIGN RELATIONS SINCE 1789

(For Treaties, see separate heading)

1. America and the French Revolution (197-199).

2. A British Faction and a French Faction (200).

3. The United States Neutral as Between England and France (201, 219-223).

4. Trouble with France (1797-1800); the XYZ Affair (208). 5. The Isolation of the United States (235).

6. The Monroe Doctrine (260).

7. Foreign Complications during the Civil War (383-385). 8. The French in Mexico (430).

9. Relations with Cuba (447).

10. Santo Domingo (448).

II. A Proclamation of Neutrality (448).

12. Great Britain and the Alabama Claims (448-449).

13. Samoa (492).

14. The Alaskan Seal Fisheries (493).

15. The First Pan-American Congress (494).

16. Trouble with Chile (494).

17. Hawaii (510).

18. Venezuela (510, 542).

19. Intervention in Cuba (521).

20. A Turning Point in Our Foreign Policy (524).

21. Expansion and the "Open Door" (528-530).

22. Imperialism (532).

23. Colombia and Panama (541).

24. Intervention in Santo Domingo (542).

25. The Peace Treaties (574).

26. California and the Japanese (574).

27. Nicaragua; Haiti (575).

28. The Trouble with Mexico (575-577).

29. Neutrality and the Great War (578, 583).

30. The United States and the League of Nations (596).

XXX. THE TRUSTS

I. The Characteristics of a Corporation (478).

2. The Corporation before the Civil War (479). 3. The Advantages of Corporations (479).

4. The Forces of Concentration (480).

5. The Triumph of the Large Producer (481). 6. Pools and Trusts (482).

7. The Early Trusts (482).

8. The Early Multimillionaire (482).

9. The First Fruits of Concentration (483).

10. The Sherman Anti-Trust Act (503, 536, 564).

II. The Growth of the Trusts (535).

12. Roosevelt and the Trusts (534-537).

13. "Publicity" (537).

14. Trusts and the Election of 1908 (547-548).

15. The Dissolution of the Standard Oil and the Tobacco Trusts (564).

16. The Federal Trade Commission (571).

17. The Clayton Anti-Trust Act (572).

18. The Victory of the United States Steel Corporation (572). 19. The Difficulties of Trust Regulation (572).

XXXI. WARS AND UPRISINGS

(For the War of the Revolution, the Civil War, and the Great War, see separate headings)

1. The Clash Between Spain and England (19-21).

2. Bacon's Rebellion (45).

3. The Border Wars (82-83).

4. The French and Indian War (94-97).

5. Shays's Rebellion (173).

6. The Whisky Insurrection (201).

7. The War of 1812 (225-233).

8. The Mexican War (307-309).

9. John Brown's Raid (356).

10. The War with Spain (521-523).
II. The Philippine Insurrection (526).

XXXII. THE REVOLUTION

1. Smuggling (106).

2. The Sugar Act (107).

3. A Change in British Colonial Policy (108). 4. The Stamp Act (110).

5. Taxation and Representation (110-115). 6. Party Divisions; Lawlessness (115-119). 7. The "Intolerable" Acts (119).

8. The Spirit of Union (121).

9. The First Continental Congress (122). 10. The Suppression of the Loyalists (124).

II. Lexington; Concord (123).

12. The Second Continental Congress (125).

13. Bunker Hill; the Evacuation of Boston (127).

14. The Declaration of Independence (128-131).

15. The Contestants and Their Plans (136-138).
16. The Campaign at the North (138-143).
17. The French Alliance (143-145).

18. Naval Warfare (145).

19. The War at the South (146-149).

20. The Result of the War: the Treaty of 1783 (150).

XXXIII. THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION

1. Secession: Efforts at Compromise (370-375).

2. The Call to Arms (375-379).

3. The Resources of the North and of the South (380).

4. The First Clashes (382).

5. Foreign Complications (383-385).

6. Organization of Army and Plan of Campaign (385-388).

7. War in the West: 1862 (388-391).

8. The War in the East: March 1862-May 1863 (391-395). 9. Emancipation (395-397).

10. The War of 1863 (397-401).

II. The Close of the Struggle (401-405).

12. Keeping the Ranks Filled (407-409).

13. Meeting the Expenses of the War (409-412).

14. Industrial and Social Conditions during the Civil War (412

417).

15. Wartime Politics (417-419).

16. Lincoln's Policy of Reconstruction (420-422).

17. Johnson's Efforts at Reconstruction (422-424).

18. The Congressional Plan of Reconstruction (424-428).

19. The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson (428-430). 20. The Final Measures of Reconstruction (432-433). 21. The Aftermath of Reconstruction (451-454).

XXXIV. THE GREAT WAR

1. Origins of the Great War (577).

2. The Difficulties of a Neutral Course (578).

3. The Lusitania (579).

4. The Great War and the Presidential Election of 1916 (581).

5. The President's Peace Proposals (583).

6. Germany Resumes Her Submarine Warfare (583).

7. Wilson's War Speech (585).

8. The American Navy and the Submarines (586).

9. The Food Administration (586).

10. Raising Money for the War (587).

II. The Selective Draft Act (588).

12. Helping the Government (589).

13. Training the Men and Taking Them Overseas (590). 14. Americans Bring Timely Aid to the Allies (591).

15. The Fourteen Points (592).

16. The Armistice (593).

17. The Cost of the War (593). 18. The League of Nations (595). 19. Peace with Germany (603).

APPENDIX C

LIST OF BOOKS TO WHICH REFERENCES ARE MADE

ADAMS, George Burton, Civilization During the Middle Ages. ANDREWS, Charles McLean, Colonial Self-Government.

BABCOCK, Charles Kendrick, The Rise of American Nationality. BASSETT, John Spencer, A Short History of the United States. BECKER, Carl, The United States.

BOGART, Ernest Ludlow, Economic History of the United States. BOURNE, Edward Gaylord, Spain in America.

CALLENDAR, Guy Stevens, Economic History of the United States.

CHADWICK, French Ensor, Causes of the Civil War.

CHANNING, Edward, A History of the United States. 5 vols. CHEYNEY, Edward Potts, European Background of American History.

COMAN, Katherine, Industrial History of the United States. COMMONS, John R. (and Associates), History of Labor in the United States.

DAVIS, JEFFERSON, Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government.

DEWEY, Davis Rich, Financial History of the United States. DEXTER, Edwin Grant, A History of Education in the United States.

DUNNING, William Archibald, Reconstruction, Political and Economic.

FARRAND, Livingston, Basis of American History.

FORMAN, S. E., The American Democracy; Our Republic. GARRISON, George Pierce, Westward Extension.

GREENE, Evarts Boutell, The Foundations of American Nationality.

GREEN, John Richard, A Short History of the English People. HAWORTH, Paul L., The United States in Our Own Times. HARDING, Samuel Bannister (Editor), Select Orations. HART, Albert Bushnell, History Told by Contemporaries. 4 vols. (This well-known compilation contains a vast amount of sidelight matter.)

HITCHCOCK, Ripley, Decisive Battles of American History. HOWARD, George Elliott, Preliminaries of the Revolution. LATANÉ, John H., America as a World Power.