and funds necessary for the maintenance of such honor and treatment will be granted.

Article V. His Majesty the Emperor of Japan will confer peerages and monetary grants upon those Koreans who, on account of meritorious services, are regarded as deserving such special recognition.

Article VI. In consequence of the aforesaid annexation the Government of Japan assumes the entire government and administration of Korea, and undertake to afford full protection for the persons and property of the Koreans obeying the laws there in force and to promote the welfare of all such Koreans.

Article VII. The Government of Japan will, so far as circumstances permit, employ in the public services of Japan in Korea those Koreans who accept the new régime loyally and in good faith and who are duly qualified for such services.

Article VIII. This treaty, having been approved by his Majesty the Emperor of Japan and his Majesty the Emperor of Korea, shall take effect from the date of its promulgation.

In faith thereof, &c.

IMPERIAL JAPANESE RESCRIPT ATTACHED TO THE PROCLAMATION AND TREATY OF ANNEXATION.

We, attaching the highest importance to the maintenance of permanent peace in the Orient and the consolidation of lasting security to our Empire, and finding in Korea constant and fruitful sources of complication, caused our government to conclude in 1905 an agreement with the Korean Government by which Korea was placed under the protection of Japan in the hope that all disturbing elements might thereby be removed and peace assured for ever. For the four years and over which have since elapsed, our government have exerted themselves with unwearied attitude to promote reforms in the administration of Korea, and their efforts have, in a degree, been attended with success, but at the same time, the existing régime of government in that country has shown itself hardly effective to preserve peace and stability, and in addition the spirit of suspicion and misgiving dominates the whole peninsula.

In order to maintain public order and security, and to advance the happiness and well-being of the people, it has become manifest that fundamental changes in the present system of government are inevitable.

We, in concert with his Majesty the Emperor of Korea, having in view this condition of affairs, and being equally persuaded of the necessity of annexing the whole of Korea to the Empire of Japan in response to the actual requirement of the situation, have now arrived at the arrangement for such permanent annexation. His Majesty the Emperor of Korea and the members of his Imperial House will, notwithstanding the annexation, be accorded due and appropriate treatment. All Koreans, being under our sway, will enjoy growing prosperity and welfare, and with assured repose and security will come a marked expansion in industry and trade. We confidently believe that the new order of things. now inaugurated will serve as a fresh guarantee of enduring peace in the Orient. We order the establishment of a Governor-General of Korea. The Governor-General will under our direction exercise the command of the army and the navy and a general control over all administrative functions in Korea. We call upon all our officials and authorities to fulfil their respective duties in appreciation of our will, and to conduct the various branches of administration in consonance with the requirements of the occasion, so that our subjects may long enjoy the blessings of peace and tranquillity.

ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE JAPANESE FOREIGN OFFICE.

August, 29, 1910.

1. Korea shall hereafter be named "Chosen."

2. The Government-General shall be established in Chosen.

3. The Residency-General and its accessory offices will be in existence for the present, and the Resident-General will exercise the functions of the Governor-General.

4. The issue of special passports for the people of Chosen is abolished, and hereafter the Chosens will be treated on an equal footing as the Japanese in the matter.

At the same time as the promulgation of the Annexation Treaty, which took place to-day, an Imperial Rescript was issued granting amnesty to a number of prisoners, both of grave and minor offences, on account of extenuating circumstances, and also granting diminution or exemption of the taxes non-paid in past years and taxes to be collected during this

year.

CONVENTION BETWEEN THE GERMAN EMPIRE AND CHINA RESPECTING THE LEASE OF KIAO-CHAU.1

Signed at Peking, March 6, 1898.

[TRANSLATION]

The incidents connected with the mission in the Prefecture of Tsaochau-foo, in Shantung, being now closed, the Imperial Chinese Government consider it advisable to give a special proof of their grateful appreciation of the friendship shown to them by Germany. The Imperial German and the Imperial Chinese Governments, therefore, inspired by the equal and mutual wish to strengthen the bonds of friendship which unite the two countries, and to develop the economic and commercial relations between the subjects of the two States, have concluded the following separate convention:

ARTICLE I.

His Majesty the Emperor of China, guided by the intention to strengthen the friendly relations between China and Germany, and at the same time to increase the military readiness of the Chinese Empire, engages, while reserving to himself all rights of sovereignty in a zone of 50 kilom. (100 Chinese li) surrounding the Bay of Kiao-chau at high-water, to permit the free passage of German troops within this zone at any time, as also to abstain from taking any measures, or issuing any ordinances therein, without the previous consent of the German. Government, and especially to place no obstacle in the way of any regulation of the water-courses which may prove to be necessary. His Majesty the Emperor of China, at the same time, reserves to himself the right to station troops within that zone, in agreement with the German Government, and to take other military measures.

ARTICLE II.

With the intention of meeting the legitimate desire of His Majesty the German Emperor, that Germany, like other powers, should hold a place on the Chinese coast for the repair and equipment of her ships, for the storage of materials and provisions for the same, and for other arrangements connected therewith, His Majesty the Emperor of China

1 Rockhill, Treaties and conventions with or concerning China and Korea, 1894-1904, p. 45.

cedes to Germany on lease, provisionally for ninety-nine years, both sides of the entrance to the Bay of Kiao-chau. Germany engages to construct, at a suitable moment, on the territory thus ceded, fortifications for the protection of the buildings to be constructed there and of the entrance to the harbor.

ARTICLE III.

In order to avoid the possibility of conflicts, the Imperial Chinese Government will abstain from exercising rights of sovereignty in the ceded territory during the term of the lease, and leaves the exercise of the same to Germany within the following limits:

(1) On the northern side of the entrance to the bay:

The peninsula bounded to the north-east by a line drawn from the north-eastern corner of Potato Island to Loshan Harbour.

(2) On the southern side of the entrance to the bay:

The peninsula bounded to the south-west by a line drawn from the south-westernmost point of the bay lying to the south-south-west of Chiposan Island in the direction of Tolosan Island.

(3) The Island of Chiposan and Potato Island.

(4) The whole water area of the bay up to the highest watermark at present known.

(5) All islands lying seaward from Kiao-chau Bay, which may be of importance for its defence, such as Tolosan, Chalienchow, &c.

The high contracting parties reserve to themselves to delimitate more accurately, in accordance with local traditions, the boundaries of the territory leased to Germany and of the 50-kilom. zone round the bay, by means of commissioners to be appointed on both sides.

Chinese ships of war and merchant-vessels shall enjoy the same privileges in the Bay of Kiao-chau as the ships of other nations on friendly terms with Germany; and the entrance, departure, and sojourn of Chinese ships in the bay shall not be subject to any restrictions other than those which the Imperial German Government, in virtue of the rights of sovereignty over the whole of the water area of the bay transferred to Germany, may at any time find it necessary to impose with regard to the ships of other nations.

ARTICLE IV.

Germany engages to construct the necessary navigation signals on the islands and shallows at the entrance of the bay.

No dues shall be demanded from Chinese ships of war and merchantvessels in the Bay of Kiao-chau, except those which may be levied upon other vessels for the purpose of maintaining the necessary harbor arrangements and quays.

ARTICLE V.

Should Germany at some future time express the wish to return Kiaochau Bay to China before the expiration of the lease, China engages to refund to Germany the expenditures she has incurred at Kiao-chau, and to cede to Germany a more suitable place.

Germany engages at no time to sublet the territory leased from China to another power.

The Chinese population dwelling in the ceded territory shall at all times enjoy the protection of the German Government, provided that they behave in conformity with law and order; unless their land is required for other purposes they may remain there.

If land belonging to Chinese owners is required for any other purpose, the owner will receive compensation therefor.

As regards the re-establishment of Chinese customs stations which formerly existed outside the ceded territory, but within the 50-kilom. zone, the Imperial German Government intends to come to an agreement with the Chinese Government for the definitive regulation of the customs frontier, and the mode of collecting customs duties, in a manner which will safeguard all the interests of China, and proposes to enter into further negotiations on the subject.

SECTIONS II AND III.

I. The Chinese Government sanctions the construction by Germany of two lines of railway in Shantung. The first will run from Kiao-chau and Tsinan-fu to the boundary of Shantung province via Wei-hsien, Tsinchow, Pashan, Tsechuen and Suiping. The second line will connect Kiao-chau with Chinchow, whence an extension will be constructed to Tsinan through Laiwu-hsien. The construction of this extension shall not be begun until the first part of the line, the main line, is completed, in order to give the Chinese an opportunity of connecting this line in the most advantageous manner with their own railway system. What places the line from Tsinan-fu to the provincial boundary shall take en route is to be determined hereafter.

II. In order to carry out the above mentioned railway work a Chino