crop; that its wheat crop often amounts in value to $200,000,000; its hay crop to $150,000,000; and that the cattle, horses and mules upon its ranges are valued at a thousand million dollars. This wonderful development in material resources has been accompanied by a corresponding development in the mental and spiritual life of its inhabitants. Universities, colleges, scientific and normal schools in many of the states are supported at the expense of the State; private institutions of learning are numberless, and public schools which must be, in the future even more than in the past, the conservators of the liberties of the people, can be seen from every hilltop. Medical schools and Law schools are to be found in many of the cities in the Louisiana Purchase, some of them ranking with the best professional schools in the country. The Centennial Exposition to be held in 1903 is in charge of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company, and the plans of the management contemplate a World's Fair greater and more wonderful than any ever held. It has an appropriation from Congress of $5,000,000, the largest aid ever given by the United States to a like purpose, and it has the promise of full support by the Government. It will not be like any of its predecessors in architecture, landscapes, designs, or the arrangement of its exhibits. It will be a stupendous monument to the material growth and commercial and manufacturing development, not only of the Louisiana Purchase and the United States, but of the whole world. But it will be more than that. It is a part of the plan to gather together the learned men of the world in the several departments of the arts and sciences, including the science of Jurisprudence. There will be held in the City of St. Louis, Missouri, during the Centennial Exposition of the Louisiana Purchase, a Universal Congress of Lawyers. This congress will be composed as follows: 1. Lawyers and jurists from every nation of the world. 2. Teachers of Law and persons learned in special branches of jurisprudence. 3. Persons learned in Ancient Law, including teachers of the History of Law, and students of the laws of peoples and nations now extinct. The foregoing summary is an outline of the underlying idea of the plan. The character, constitution and management of the Congress itself will be developed hereafter, and chiefly, it is hoped, by the American Bar Association. The Committee on Education of the Louisiana Exposition Company, upon whom falls the duty of preparing for this Congress, adopt the definition of Justinian: "Jurisprudence is the knowledge of things divine and human, the science of the right and the wrong.' The one great object is to make the Congress of Lawyers as universal in scope as that definition. Therefore the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company, acting through its Committee on Education, extends to the American Bar Association, as the great body of representative lawyers and jurists from all parts of the United States, an invitation to unite with the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company in securing a Universal Congress of Lawyers, to meet at St. Louis, Missouri, during the Exposition of 1903. To that end the American Bar Association is requested to appoint a committee of one hundred or more representative lawyers from different states and territories of the United States and from Foreign Countries, if desired, whose duty it shall be to plan, and, subject to the supervision of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company, arrange for the holding of such Universal Congress of Lawyers. Approved: DAVID R. FRANCIS, President of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company. THE COMMITTEE ON EDU- James Hagerman, of Missouri: As pertinent to the Memorial which has just been read, I yield the floor to Mr. Stevens, of Minnesota, for the purpose of allowing him to offer a resolution. Hiram F. Stevens, of Minnesota : I believe that the proposition involved in this invitation and Memorial is one which commends itself to this Association. In great detail and with great force the Memorial sets out the advantages that will come to us and to the people of the United States by reason of that Exposition. But, looking at it from the other side, I believe it is due to the memory of the foresight of that great Father of the Republic and to the great man who supported it, and a proper recognition of that transaction, not only upon the United States but upon the civilized world, that we as lawyers should recognize the importance of that event which changed the frontier of the United States from the Mississippi River to that undefined and undefinable space which we now call the Orient, and placed all this territory, in the centre of which we are now enjoying ourselves so much, no longer under the tyrranical flag of Spain, but under the domain and protection of the Stars and Stripes and the civilization which that means, now, always and forever. I offer the following resolution : Whereas, a Memorial of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company, under whose auspices the Centennial of the acquisition of the Louisiana Territory—an epoch second only in importance to the Declaration of Independence, the adoption. of the Constitution and the inauguration of the Federal Government with General Washington as President-is to be celebrated in the City of St. Louis, in the year 1903, has been presented to this Association, announcing its intention to hold. in connection with said celebration, an Universal Congress of Lawyers, including representatives of the bench and bar, and authors, writers and teachers of the law from all the nations of the earth and has requested earnestly the coöperation, approval and support of this Association and in connection therewith has extended an invitation to this Association to hold its annual meeting of 1903 in St. Louis. Now therefore be it Resolved that the Memorial and accompanying invitation be referred to a special Committee of nine members, to be appointed by the President. Rodney A. Mercur, of Pennsylvania : Edward Q. Keasbey, of New Jersey: Mr. President, may I be permitted to inquire if that includes the invitation? The President: The Chair so understood it. Hiram F. Stevens, of Minnesota : It does include the invitation, with knowledge, of course, that it will not invade the prerogative of the Executive Committee, but shall be a recommendation, and shall be taken in connection with the action of the Executive Committee merely as a recommendation to that committee. Edward Q. Keasbey: I was about to suggest the point of order that the invitation is a matter entirely within the province of the Executive Committee. The President: The Chair understands that the motion is simply for consideration and report, and in no sense does it invade the prerogative of the Executive Committee. The motion has been carried. The Chair will announce the members of that committee later. Gentlemen, this closes our business for this morning, and the Association will now take a recess until eight o'clock this evening. A recess was then taken to 8 P. M. EVENING SESSION. Wednesday, August 21, 1901, 8 P. M. The President called the meeting to order. New members were then elected. (See List of New Members.) The President: The Chair will announce the names of the following gentlemen to constitute the Committee on the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, as provided for by the Resolution adopted this morning: Hiram F. Stevens, of Minnesota. Burton Smith, of Georgia. Gentlemen, we shall now have the pleasure of listening to a paper by Mr. Richard C. Dale, of Philadelphia, on "Implied Limitation upon the Exercise of the Legislative Powers." Mr. Dale then read his paper. (See the Appendix.) The President: The Association will now have the pleasure of listening to a paper to be read by Mr. Charles J. Hughes, Jr., of the Denver Bar, upon "The Evolution of Mining Law." Mr. Hughes then read his paper. (See the Appendix.) The President: The papers read are now open to discussion, should any members desire to discuss them. If there is no discussion, we |