counterfeit, with the intent unlawfully to use the same; or whoever shall obtain, accept, or receive any certificate of citizenship, knowing the same to have been procured by fraud or by the use of means of any false name or statement given or made with the intent to procure, or to aid in procuring, the is suance of such certificate, or knowing the same to have been fraudulently altered or antedated; or whoever, without lawful excuse, shall have in his possession any blank certificate of citizenship provided by the Bureau of Naturalization with the intent unlawfully to use the same; or whoever, after having been admitted to be a citizen, shall, on oath or by affidavit, knowingly deny that he has been so admitted, with the intent to evade or avoid any duty or liability imposed or required by law, shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.

Sec. 78. Whoever shall in any manner use, for the purpose of registering as a voter, or as evidence of a right to vote, or otherwise unlawfully, any order, certificate of citizenship, or certificate, judgment, or exemplification, showing any person to be admitted to be a citizen, whether heretofore or hereafter issued or made, knowing that such order, certificate, judgment, or exemplification has been unlawfully issued or made; or whoever shall unlawfully use, or attempt to use, any such order or certificate, issued to or in the name of any other person, or in a fictitious name, or the name of a deceased person, shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.

Sec. 79. Whoever shall knowingly use any certificate of naturalization heretofore or which hereafter may be granted by any court, which has been or may be procured through fraud or by false evidence, or which has been or may hereafter be issued by the clerk or any other officer of the court without any appearance and hearing of the applicant in court and without lawful authority; or whoever, for any fraudulent purpose whatever, shall falsely represent himself to be a citizen of the United States without having been duly admitted to citizenship, shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars, or imprisoned not more than two years, or both.

Sec. 80. Whoever, in any proceeding under or by virtue of any law relating to the naturalization of aliens, shall knowingly swear falsely in any case where an oath is made or affidavit taken, shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars and imprisoned not more than five years.

Sec. 81. The provisions of the five sections last preceding shall apply to all proceedings had or taken, or attempted to be had or taken, before any court in which any proceeding for naturalization may be commenced or attempted to be commenced, and whether such court was vested by law with jurisdiction in naturalization proceedings or not. (35 Stat. L., pt. 1, p. 1102.)

[By the terms of section 341 of the act referred to above the foregoing sections specifically repealed sections 5395, 5424, 5425, 5426, 5428, and 5429 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, as well as sections 16, 17, and 19 of the act of June 29, 1906, 34 Stat. L., pt. 1, p. 596.]

Laws Repealed by the Act of May 9, 1918. [The act of May 9, 1918, Public No. 144, Sixtyfifth Congress, contained the following provisions:]

Sec. 2. * ** That all acts or parts of acts inconsistent with or repugnant to the provisions of this act are hereby repealed; but nothing in this act shall repeal or in any way enlarge section twenty-one hundred and sixty-nine of the Revised Statutes, except as specified in the seventh subdivision of this act and under the limitation therein defined: Provided, That for the purposes of the prosecution of all crimes and offenses against the naturalization laws of the United States which may have been committed prior to this act the statutes and laws hereby repealed shall remain in full force and effect: Provided further, That as to all aliens who, prior to January first, nineteen hundred, served in the Armies of the United States and were honorably discharged therefrom, section twenty-one hundred and sixty-six of the Revised Statutes of the│ United States shall be and remain in full force and effect, anything in this act to the contrary notwithstanding.

[And specifically repealed the following: Sections 2166, 2171, 2174, United States Revised Statutes; and so much of an act approved June 26, 1894, entitled "An act making provisions for the naval service for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1895, and for other purposes (28 Stat. L., p. 124), as relates to naturalization; and so much of an act approved June 30, 1914, entitled "An act making appropriations for the naval service for the fiscal year ending

June 30, 1915, and for other purposes (38 Stat. L., pt. 1, p. 392), as relates to naturalization; and so much of section 3 of an act approved June 25, 1910 (36 Stat. L., pt. 1, p. 830), as relates to naturalization; and Public Act No. 55, Sixty-fifth Congress, approved October 5, 1917.]

CITIZENSHIP.

[In regard to the acquisition of citizenship by means other than naturalization, see also secs. 1992 and 1995 of the United States Revised Statutes.]

Citizenship by Birth.

Sec. 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. (Constitution, Art.

XIV.)

***

Citizenship of Children Born Abroad of Citizens. [Act of February 10, 1855, amending act of April 14, 1802.] Sec. 1993. All children heretofore born or hereafter born out of the limits and jurisdiction of the United States, whose fathers were or may be at the time of their birth citizens thereof, are declared to be citizens of the United States; but the rights of citizenship shall not descend to children whose fathers never resided in the United States. (R. S. 1878, p. 350; 1 Comp. Stat. 1901, p. 1268.)

Citizenship of Women by Marriage.

[Act of February 10, 1855.]

Sec. 1994. Any woman who is now or may hereafter be married to a citizen of the United States, and who might herself be lawfully naturalized, shall

be deemed a citizen. (R. S. 1878. p. 350; 1 Comp. Stat. 1901, p. 1268).

Children of Persons Naturalized Under Certain Laws to be Citizens.

[Act of April 14, 1802.]

Sec. 2172. The children of persons who have been duly naturalized under any law of the United States, or who, previous to the passing of any law on that subject, by the Government of the United States, may have become citizens of any one of the States, under the laws thereof, being under the age of twenty-one years at the time of the naturalization of their parents, shall, if dwelling in the United States, be considered as citizens thereof; and the children of persons who now are, or have been, citizens of the United States, shall, though born out of the limits and jurisdiction of the United States, be considered as citizens thereof; but no person heretofore proscribed by any State, or who has been legally convicted of having joined the army of Great Britain during the Revolutionary War, shall be admitted to become a citizen without the consent of the legislature of the State in which such person was proscribed. (R. S. 1878, p. 380; 1 Comp. Stat. 1901, p. 1334.)

Expatriation of Citizens and Their

Protection Abroad.

[Act of March 2, 1907.]

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled.