English crews eligible to be those entered at Henley.

Trotting Record Broken.

The trotter Cresceus, owned by George H. Ketcham, broke two world's records during the past month. He lowered the trotting race record at Detroit, July 19, from 2.05 1-4 to 2.05. The world's trotting record he broke twice, lowering it from 2.03 1-4 to 2.02 3-4 on July 26, at Cleveland, and again to 2.02 1-4 on August 3 at Columbus, 0. Cresceus is a chestnut stallion, sired by Robert McGregor from dam Mabel.

Miscellaneous.

At the 69th Regiment field games on July 5, John Flanagan, of the New York Athletic Club, broke the world record for the nine-foot throw of the 16-pound hammer.

At the amateur championship field games at Huddersfield, England, American athletes won all but one event.

Dwight Davis. and Holcombe Ward, the American champions, won the all-comers' doubles in the AllEngland lawn-tennis championships at Wimbledon, England, July 21.

VARIOUS STATES AND TERRITORIES.

Alabama.

RESTRICTION OF CITIZEN FRANCHISE.

The constitutional convention has adopted a suffrage provision which requires that until January, 1903, those only shall have the right to vote who are "of good character and who understand the duties and obligations of citizenship and a republican form of government".

The New York Evening Post sees in that specification an underhand device for practically excluding the negro from the polls: "The judges of this character and understanding", says the Evening Post, "are to be three appointed registrars in each county. This plan of sifting out undesirable citizens is obvi

ously intended to work the same disfranchisement as the understanding' clause in Mississippi; nor is its viciousness relieved by a farcical provision for an appeal to the courts by those rejected by the registrars. Members of the class aimed at will never engage lawyers to try their character and understanding before a prejudiced jury. It is assumed in Alabama that there will not be time enough before 1903 to test the constitutionality of the hereditary suffrage clause. But even if that should be declared invalid, the arrangement to pass 'character and understanding' will be sufficient to attain the desired end. Under its partisan operation all the poor and illiterate whites of voting age can be registered, and all the negroes can be excluded. In Alabama, as in the Maryland Democratic convention, 'the duties and obligations of citizenship' can be construed to mean the duty of voting the Democratic ticket for the maintenance of white supremacy."

on

Illinois.

SERVANT GIRLS' UNION.

Female domestic servants in Chicago have formed a protective union to define the minimum wages they will work for, the number of hours a day they will serve, and the free time they must have at their own disposal. In their manifesto to householders they lay down these rules :

Rule 1-Work shall not begin before 5.30 o'clock, and shall cease when the evening's dishes are washed and put away. Two hours each afternoon and the entire evening at least twice a week, shall be allowed the domestic as her own.

Rule 2-There shall be no opposition on the part of the mistress to club life on the part of the domestic. Entertainment of friends in limited numbers shall not be prohibited, provided the domestic furnishes her own refreshments.

Rule 3-Gentlemen friends shall not be barred from the kitchen or back porch. Members Members of the family or the house shall not interrupt the conversation arising during said visits.

Rule 4-Domestics shall be allowed such hours off on Mondays as will permit them to visit the bargain counters of the stores, and enjoy on that day the same privileges enjoyed by the mistress and her daughters.

New York.

CARNEGIE'S GIFT TO NEW YORK CITY.

Andrew Carnegie's gift of $5,200,000 to the city of New York for

building and equipping sixty-five free circulating libraries (p. 174) was formally accepted by the municipal board of estimate and apportionment July 17, with the conditions specified in the deed of gift.

Full powers in the selection of sites, construction of buildings and management of the libraries in the three boroughs of Manhattan, Bronx and Richmond were given to the trustees of the New York Public Library and the Astor, Lenox and Tilden libraries. But there are to be founded twenty-three libraries in the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens: trustees of the Brooklyn Public Library will be empowered to take charge of these.

The city is required, by the terms of the agreement, to provide in its annual budget for the entire cost of the maintenance. The appropriation for maintenance is to be not less than ten per cent of the amount expended by Mr. Carnegie.

Sites will at once be selected for the first ten of the buildings in the boroughs of Manhattan, the Bronx and Richmond. Mr. J. S. Billings, director of the New York Public Library, will start for Scotland in a few days to confer with Mr. Carnegie.

were to nave their names registered in the land office at El Reno or at Lawton between July 10 and July 26. Each applicant had to appear in person. Registration could not be effected through the use of the mails nor through an agent, excepting that honorably discharged soldiers and sailors might be represented by agents: but no agent would be allowed to represent more than one such applicant. No one was permitted to register more than once. After being registered, applicants received certificates allowing them to inspect the lands. The drawing of the names was to commence at El Reno July 29. The drawings, said the Proclamation, would be held at the land office at El Reno on Monday, July 29, continuing as long as may be necessary.

The reservation is a tract of 160 acres, and contains lots for about 13,000 homesteads. The rush for registration exceeded all expectations; no less than 167,000 persons made application. The drawings were carried out as planned, beginning July 29 and lasting till August 1. Although the occasion of intense excitement, it was unattended by any such scenes of violence as have sullied previous land allotments.

The first lot in the El Reno district was drawn by Stephen A. Holcombe, of Paul's Valley, Indian Territory; and the first name taken from the Lawton wheel was that of James R. Wood, of Weatherford, Oklahoma. The second Lawton lot was drawn by Mattie H. Beals, a telephone operator in Wichita, Kansas. These two claims are valued at from $20,000 to $40,000 each.

This method of disposing of the public lands has been widely criticised. The most bitter criticisms emanate from the class who wish to avail themselves of the opportunity again to secure land by the exercise of brute force or "push," as they term it. Another, and more disinterested class of criticisms, is well represented by the following excerpt from an article in the Outlook of July 20 by John Gilmer Speed:

"The 'resident might have selected a much more sensible plan with the aid of Congress, and, at the same time, escaped the wrong of giving away five millions

of acres of land for practically nothing. Quite apart from the fact that it is wrong in both morals and economics for a man to get something for nothing, these lands should have been made to realize their full value, and that value should accrue to the benefit of the rightful owners-the Comanche, the Kiowa, and Apache tribes of Indians. All wellinformed people in that section of the country, and very many elsewhere, know of the value of these lands. That is why they are so keen to secure them. Their greed is not stimulated by poverty, but by the knowledge that in these virgin lands, now that there is quick railroad connections with the rest of the country, there are potentialities of wealth which make the farming lands of the older States seem poor and unprofitable. They want the lands because of the quick wealth to be taken from them. Now these lands would sell so quickly that the settlement on them would be just as rapid as by a "rush," or through a lottery; and the purchasers would be more desirable citizens of what is soon to be a new State. It seems to me that Oklahoma would be immeasurably better off if the lands were sold by public auction to bona-fide settlers only, the highest bidder not being permitted to prove his title until he had lived on his purchase for a year, and no bidder being allowed to secure more than one quarter section. Such a regulation would prevent capitalists from acquiring an undue share of the land, and so the scheme would not be open to the objection that the poor were not given a fair chance."

PERSONAL AND MISCELLANEOUS. Settlement of the Northern Pacific

Strife.

The contention over control of the Northern Pacific railroad, which caused to holders of the shares of stock loss of many millions of dollars and brought to thousands financial ruin (p. 296), had a happy ending on July 17, when J. Pierpont Morgan-announced a consolidation of the large interests concerned, which, it was declared, will prevent "for all time" any recurrence of similar strife.

On that day Mr. Morgan named as members of the new Northern Pacific directorate Mr. James J. Hill, representing the Great Northern; Mr. William Rockefeller, representing the Standard Oil company and the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul railroad; Mr. H. McKay Twombly, representing the Vanderbilts

and the Chicago and Northwestern railroad; Mr. Edward H. Harriman, representing the Union Pacific Company; and Mr. Samuel Rea, representing the Penn-. sylvania railroad. Further, as noted by the New York Herald, "the various elements represented generally by the terms Standard Oil, Vanderbilt, Morgan, Union Pacific and Pennslyvania interests-and specifically in connection with the vast railroad systems from the Atlantic to the Pacific which are associated with those interests are closely knit and welded together. They are to remain so for all time, for the means have been provided for the settlement of any future disputes by arbitration."

Not less important is the announcement made by Mr. Morgan that Mr. William K. Vanderbilt is to be referee as to a further development of the plan of settlement.

When the history of the great struggle for control of the Northern Pacific comes to be written, its main features will necessarily be substantially as they are sketched by the Herald of July 18 :

"The fight over the control of the Northern Pacific road will go down in the annals of Wall street as one of the most sensational affairs in the history of modern finance. It was precipitated by the purchase of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy by the Morgan-Hill syndicate in the interest of the Great Northern and the Northern Pacific. The purchase of the road was strongly objected to by the Union Pacific-Kuhn, Loeb syndicate, previous to the purchase of the road, and this fact was well known to the purchasers. It did not deter them from carrying out their plan, and a disruption followed.

"The stock market at the time of the Burlington deal was ripe for a coup such as Kuhn, Loeb & Co. planned. There was a violent speculative movement in progress, during which all stocks on the list were advancing sharply, and the volume of trading amounted to from two to three millions of shares a day. Kuhn, Loeb & Co. bought Northern Pacific stock largely on the New York Stock Exchange and heavy private sales were made at home and abroad.

"When they felt assured that the control of the road was in their possession it was quietly intimated to Mr. Hill that the control of the road had passed from his possession and that of the banking house of J. P. Morgan. Both Mr. Hill and Mr. Morgan's partners-Mr. Morgan was at the time in Europe-refused to believe the announcement, and began to buy heavily to strengthen their position. It was at this time that the famous order

to buy 150,000 shares of Northern Pacific stock was given, and the price was forced up to 146.

*Large short sales were caught in the buying order, and when the day came for the delivery of the stock a panic developed on May 9. . Northern Pacific common stock was forced up that day to $1,000 a share, and had not both the warring factions given notice that they would not force the deliveries of the stock that day it would have been a day of ruin for half the banking and broker

age houses in Wall street. A meeting between the two interests was held shortly after the panic, at which it was decided to allow Mr. Morgan to name the non-partisan Board."

New Postal Rule.

New regulations published by the Postmaster-General, July 17, exclude from the privilege of secondclass all publications which have the characteristics of books rather than of periodicals; also, all publications that circulate less because of what they are as news or literary journals than because of premiums or prizes offered to subscribers.

the department self-sustaining, which is the first step toward the contemplated reduction and toward other advantages.” Juries of the Pan-American Exposition.

The awards voted by the several class juries of the Exposition will be subject to revision by a superior or supreme jury consisting of John G. Milburn, president of the Exposition Company, W. I. Buchanan, the director-general, Dr. Pritchett, superintendent of awards, W. V. Cox of the government board, the superintendents of the several departments, the foreign commissioners, and the chairmen of the class juries.

The chairmen of the class juries are:Agriculture-Professor S. M. Babcock, of the University of Wisconsin.

Agricultural Implements-Colonel J. H. Brigham, United States Assistant Secretary of Agriculture.

Foods and their Accessories-Lieutenant-Colonel A. L. Smith, chief of the commissary, U. S. A.

Forestry-Professor B. E. Fernow, Cornell University.

Fisheries-United States Fish Commissioner Charles H. Babcock, of Rochester. Mines and Metallurgy-John Birkin

The new regulations are generally approved by the organs of public opinion. Says the New York Evening Post:

"The government has been spending millions of dollars in carrying "fake" publications and lottery schemes at much less than the cost of freight. Congress has been struggling to rid the service of these parasites for years, but in every instance the schemers have been too strong when the final vote was taken. After successive convulsions over the Loud bill, it succeeded at last in putting an end to the pneumatic-tube delivery in the large cities, which was the most important advance in postal service of recent years, and which the postmastergeneral earnestly desired to continue and extend. But it could do nothing to stop the tremendous abuses prevailing under the head of second-class matter. It is to be hoped that Mr. Smith will carry out the reform which he has initiated, with unyielding purpose. He may not reach the desired goal of one-cent postage for letters, but it is not impossible to make

Machinery-Professor Ira N. Hollis, Harvard University.

Electricity-Dr. Carl Herring, consulting engineer, Philadelphia.

Transportation-Colonel H. G. Prout, Editor of "The Railway Gazette."

Ordnance-Admiral Belknap, U. S. N. Manufactures-Dr. E. A. Engler, Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Mass.

Graphic Arts-Theodore L. De Vinne, of the De Vinne Press, New York. Liberal Arts-Carroll D. Wright, United States Bureau of Labor, Washingington.

Arts-Daniel V. French, sculptor.

As advisers those juries have the services of some of the most eminent experts, such as Carroll D. Wright of the Bureau of Labor; Chief Tittman, of the Coast Survey; Theodore L. De Vinne, of the United Typothetæ; Elihu Thomson, Admirals Belknap, Bowles, Endicott and O'Neil, who will serve on the ordnance, manufactures and transportation juries; E. L. Morse and W. H. Holmes on the ethnology jury, while in machinery the services of the best men in the United States Patent Office have been secured.

An exhibitor may appeal to the superior jury from the award of the class jury. The superior jury may