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before the curtain rises, when they are to give up their places to the proper owners.' owners." The managers also remind the audience to "bring their own candles." The negroes filled the galleries, and were renowned for their judicious criticism, the warmth of their applause, and the vehemence of their disapproval. Ladies of great quality were accommodated with seats on the stage. We note that on one occasion, in 1798, the French company gives "Nina Folle par Amour." Amour." This must be either Copolla's or Paesiello's opera, composed

about that time.

Cock-fighting, we learn from the same journal, was a fashionable sport of the gentry. "On Saturday, the 31st September 1792, at 10 o'clock, a match of twenty cocks will be fought by ten gentlemen. N.B.—A genteel dinner will be provided." In the same day's issue is announced the appearance in England of "a new sect, called the Anti-Chartists," whom it describes as "another branch of those iniquitous wretches who are opposed to the slave-trade."

Jamaica, then said to be the "wickedest place on earth," is mentioned with great detail in The British Empire in America, or the History of the Discovery, etc., of the British Colonies (published in London, 1708). The island probably deserved its name, for, in point of fact, the inhabitants mainly gained their livelihood at that period by trading with pirates, an enormous number of whom infested the neighbouring seas, making raids upon the Spanish islands, and carrying off immense treasure to Jamaica, where it was spent in debauchery.

The same book gives some interesting details of the earthquake in Jamaica on 7th June 1692. In many of the streets of Port Royal there were several fathoms of water, "a great mountain split and fell into the level land, and covered several settlements and destroyed many people." One settler's plantation was carried half a mile from the place where it formerly stood. Part of the mountain, after having made several leaps, overwhelmed a whole family and great part of a plantation, lying a mile off; "and a large mountain is quite swallowed up, and in the place where it stood there is now a vast lake, four or five leagues over." About 2000 people perished by this catastrophe.

Owners would never consent to allow their slaves to become Christians, as will be seen by the following

extract:

"I took a great interest in a certain slave, Sambo, who wanted much to become a Christian, and spoke to the master of the plantation on his behalf. His answer was, that were Sambo once a Christian he could no longer be accounted a slave, and thus owners would lose hold on their slaves. Were he in this case to do so, such a gap would be opened that all the planters in the isle would curse him."

We learn from another old volume (An Account of the Island of Domingo, 1668) that "there are several old mountains in the midst, which encompass an inaccessible bottom, where from the top of certain rocks may be seen an infinite variety of reptiles of dreadful bulk and length. The natives were wont to tell of a vast monstrous serpent that had its abode in the said

bottom. They affirmed that there was in the head of it a very sparkling stone, like a carbuncle, of inestimable price, that the monster commonly veiled that rich jewel with a thin moving skin like that of a man's eyelid, and when it went to drink, and sported itself in the deep bottom it fully discovered it, and the rocks all about received a wonderful lustre from the fire issuing out of that precious gem."

The original entry of the marriage of Lord Nelson in the register of the parish church where it took place was exhibited in the Nevis Court. Very singular also is the sales-list of the Byam estate in Antigua, from which we learn the prices of slaves to have varied from £10 to £150, "warranted sound." Some elderly ladies and gentlemen of colour are occasionally "thrown in gratis." Several copies of the slave Bible were also shown, in which all verses calculated to disturb the idea that slavery is an institution by right Divine are carefully eliminated.

THE END.

INDEX.

A.

ADDERLEY, Sir Augustus, 257.
Advertisements for the sale of slaves, 271.
Albemarle, Duke of, captures Havana
and Matanzas, 60.

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Duke of, Governor of
Jamaica, 268.
Duchess of, 269; remark-
able behaviour of, 270;
believes herself to be Em-
press of China, 270.

Amedeo, Prince, accepts the Spanish
crown and resigns it again, 90.
American Revolution, the, 62.
Americans, influence of the, upon Cuba,
19; settlements in the island, 26;
help the insurgents, 87.
Amusements in Havana, 129; during
Carnival, 139.

Animals found by Columbus in Cuba, 6;
animals of the forests, 106.
Antomarchi, Dr to Napoleon I., 203;
his death and monument, 203.
Apiculture introduced by French col-
onists, 61.

Aquelera, Don Francisco, elected Presi-

dent of the Cuban Republic, 93.
Aristocracy, Havanese, 126.
Aristolochia pelicana, the, 149.
Army, the rebel, its number
organization, 101.

Banyan tree, the, 148.

Baracoa founded by Diego Velasquez, 49.
Barbadoes, 263; governorship of Lord
Howe, 266.

Bats, enormous size of, 7.

Bayamo, founded by Diego Velasquez,
49; taken by the Spaniards from the
rebels, 85.

Beggars in Havana, the, 137.
Bellamar Caves, the, 158.
Berriz, Colonel, accusations brought
against, by Miss Cisneros, 118.
Birds, 8.

Blake, Lady, 231.

Bobadilla, Doña Isabella de, Governess
of Cuba, 181.
Bolivar, 67.

Borgian Maps, the, 258.

Botanical Gardens of Havana, the, 127.
British interests in Cuba, 26.
Buccaneers, the, and their romantic
history, 51; their hatred of the
Spaniards, 52; their rugged life, 52;
Henry Morgan, the Welshman, 52;
they burn Havana, 53; enactments
against the, 52; the adventures of
Jacob Sores, 53.

Buchanan, President, threatening mes-
sage to Spain, 78.
Bull-baiting, 145.

and Butter, lack of, in Cuba, 154.

Autos da fé, the frequency of, 56;
description of an, 59.

B.

BAHAMAS first sighted by Christopher
Columbus, 38; New Providence, 224.
Bananas, 4; used as vegetables, 154.

278

C.

CACTUS, the enormous size of the, 126.
Cafés and restaurants, Cuban, 155.
Campos, Marshal Martinez, agrees to the
Treaty of Zanjou, 94; his good in-
tentions, 116.
Canga, the, 141.

Canovas, Señor, de Castillo, signs Treaty
of Zanjou, 95.
Cardenas, called the "American City,"
26; its population, 192 (in note).
Carnival, dances given during, 23; the
Havanese Carnival, 139; its end on
Shrove Tuesday, 142.

Caruba tree, the, 190.

Cattle used as horses, 167 (in note).
Cauto River,, the, navigable for small
craft, 5.

Caves of the Bellamar, the magnificent,
158.

Cays, the, dangerous to vessels, 5; their
beauty, 174.

Cemeteries, Cuban, 202.

Cereals, exported from Spain, 4.
Cerro, the, 125.

Cespedes, Carlos Manuel, begins the
rebellion, 83; his character, 83; the
burning of his plantation, 85; elected
President of the Cuban Republic, 87;
his tragic death, 91.

Chinese, the wretched condition of the,
in Cuba, 37; the Chinese in the ranks
of the rebels, 37; their religious prac-
tices, 110.

Churches, the, of Havana, 132; music

in the, 138; flirtation in church, 138.
Cienfuegos, the town and harbour, 161;
the surrounding country, 162.

Cipango, Columbus thinks Cuba is, 42.
Cisneros, Miss Evangelina, story of,
117.

Cisneros y Bétancourt, Don Salvador,

elected President of the Cuban Re-
public, 93.

Clergy, the, of the rebel army, 109.
Cleveland, President, tries to prevent

filibustering expeditions to Cuba, 99.
Climate, 2 (in note); is tolerable, 10;
108.

Coaches in Havana, 131.

Cock-fighting in Cuba, 145; a century
ago, 275.

Cocoa, 4; the plant, 213.
Coffee, was one of the principal products,

3; replaced by the sugar cane, 69; a
coffee plantation, 213.

Columbus, Christopher, first sights the
New World, 38; lands at Fernandina,
39; the wonders he encounters, 39; his
followers grow clamorous for gold,
40; the imaginery Quinsai, 40; he
discovers Cuba, 40; and takes posses-

sion of it in the names of the Spanish
sovereigns, 41; convinced that it is
the Cipango described by Marco Polo,
42; believes Cuba to be a part of the
mainland, 43; said to have landed at
British Honduras, 44; Columbus and
the native, 46; visits the island twice
again, 49; the journeyings of his re-
mains, 133; his enthusiastic descrip-
tion of New Providence, 225; his
birthplace, 237; and parents, 238; the
house in which he was born, 240; his
brothers, 241; first goes to sea, 244;
his education, 244; the sports he
played when a child, 254.
Columbus, Diego, Governor of His-
paniola, 49.

Cook, the Cuban, 124.
Cookery, Cuban, 155.
Coolie labour, 36.

Cuba, Island of, its shape and size, I;
mountains, 2; position and weather, 2
(in note); coffee and tobacco once the
chief articles of cultivation, 3; French
settlers persuade the Cubans to ex-
tend their sugar plantations, 4; other
products, 4; navigable rivers, 5;
animals and reptiles, 7; disagreeable
insects, 8; flora, 10; climate, 10;
filthy drains, 11; its prehistoric in-
habitants, 14; present population and
inhabitants, 16; laws, 17; first ap-
pearance of the Inquisition on the
island, 18; Las Casas gives an im-
petus to education, 18; state of chaos
in, during the Napoleonic period, 19;
overrun by Americans, 19; society in,
23; first sighted by Columbus, 40;
its numerous names, 41 (in note); its
beauties in the eyes of its Discoverer,
41; first circumnavigated, 49; Diego
Velasquez sent to, 49; he founds
Havana, Santiago de Cuba, etc.,
49; Hernando Cortez in, 49; C.
during the buccaneering period, 51;
Drake appears off, 54; prosperity of,
at the beginning of the 18th century,
59; taken by the English under the
Duke of Albemarle in 1762, 60;
large French emigration to, 61 ; ad-
ministration of Don Luis Las Casas,
63; effect of the Revolution upon,
66; bad times for, 68; opening of
the Cuban ports, 68; Cuba la
Sempre Fiel," 69; the beneficent

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