Paraphysis, development of in fowl, 369. PARKER, G. H. The phototropism of the mourning cloak butterfly, 291. * PEARL, R. On the behavior and reactions of Limulus, 138. Pecten, eye of, 292. * Perception, of space in tortoises, 17. Periplaneta, nervous cytology of, 287. Phototropism, of butterfly, 291.

of Daphnia pulex, 289.

in man, 376. Physiology, of the nervous system, 364.

comparative method in, 271.

and psychology, 511. PIPER, H. Electro-motor changes in the retina of Eledone, 434. POLICE, G. Nervous system of scorpion, 37'. PORTER, J. P. Preliminary study of psychology of the English sparrow, 439. * PRENTISS, C. W. The nervous structures in the palate of the frog, 93. *Psychology, comparative, 360.

and physiology, 511. aces, encephalic anatomy of, 369.

*RANSON, S. W. Degeneration in corpus callosum of white rat, 381. *Rat, degeneration in the corpus callosum of, 381.

form and contents of nucleus in the spinal cord of, 27.

psychology and growth of nervous system of, 70. Rate of impulse, in sensory nerves, 206.

in hagfish, 204.
RAYMOND, F. and JANET, P. Les obsessions et la psychasthénie, 208.
Reactions, of Daphnia to light and heat, 289.

of Limulus, 138.
of Paramecium, 441.

social, in animals, 118.
REIGHARD, J. The natural history of Amia calva, 282.
*Reinforcement, of reaction in the frog, 124.
Retina, changes in, 372, 374, 375, 434.
*Rheotropism, of Paramecium, 468.
RITTER, W. E. and DAVIS, B. M. Ecology, of enteropneusta, 380.
RITTER, W. E. Habits of Autodax lugubris, 380.
Rossi, G. Fiber tracts in the brain of the tortoise, 203.
Salamander, habits of, 380.

SARGENT, P. E. The torus longitudinalis of the teleost brain, 289.
SCHLAPP, M. G. The microscopic structure of cortical areas, 369.
Scomber, the skull and cranial nerves of, 83.
Selachians, development of ventral nerves of, 285.

a new cranial nerve in, 281. *Senses, of guinea pig, 293.

lateral line in Torpedo, 368.
Sensations, subjective of sight and hearing, 207.
Sense organs, of lateral line in Amphibia, 433.
Sensory nerves, rate of impulse in, 206.
Sight, subjective sensations of, 207.
Skin, neural structures in, 208.
*Slug, fluidity of conducting substance in pedal nerves of, 85.
SMALLWOOD, M. E. The beach flea, 378.

W. M. Natural history of some nudibranchs, 440.
Smell, 378.
Smith, G. E. On the morphology of the cerebral commissures, 81.
Snake, physiology of the nervous system of, 205.

Sound, subjective sensations of, 207.
*Space perception, of tortoises, 17.
Sparrow, psychology of, 439.
*SPAULDING, E. G. An establishment of association in hermit crabs, 49.
Spinal cord, neurologia of in elephant, 369.
*Spinal ganglion cells, in rat, 27.

-, nerves, medullated fibers, 209.

nerves in selachians, 285. SPITZKA, E. A. The encephalic anatomy of the races, 369. Staining, vital, in Corethra, 368. Statistical methods, in psychology, 76. STREETER, G. L, Anatomy of the floor of the fourth ventricle, 369. *Structure and function as correlative concepts, 63. STUART, T. P. A. Mechanism of accommodation of the eye for distance, 378. *Swine, olfactory nerve in, 390. TH

HORNDIKE, E. L. Educational psychology, 76.
Tortoises, degeneration of fibers in brain of, 203.

-, space perception of, 17. Torus longitudinalis, of teleost, 289. UEXKÜLL, J. von.

Movements of the serpent star, 439.

V anessa antiopa, phototropism of, 291.

Ventricle, fourth, 369.
Vision, theories of color, 274.
WA
ATSON, J. B. Animal education, 70.

Some unemphasized aspects of comparative psychology, 360.
WEBSTER, F. M. Life history, habits, and relations of Obera, 380.
WHEELER, W. M. A crustacean-eating ant, 379.
WILDER, B. G. The brain of the sheep, 433.
*Wilson, J. G. Motor endings on the muscle of the frog, 1.
WOLFF, M. Continuity of the perifibrillar neuroplasm, 370.
ERKES, R. M

Inhibition and reinforcement of reaction in the frog, 124.
Nature-study, 418.
Physiology and psychology, 511.
Reaction of Daphnia pulex to light and heat, 289.
-, Space perception in tortoises, 17.

Structure and function as correlative concepts, 63.
UCKERKANDL, E. Fibers of the alveus, 371.

ZUGMAYER, E. Sense organs in the tentacles of the genus Cardium, 371. ZWAARDEMAKER, H. Sensations of smell, 378.

and Quix, F. H. Sensitiveness of the human ear to tones, 378.

", M

Paroduct. diari

MASVU

Mays, 1734

The Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology

(Continuing the Journal of Comparative Neurology.)

EDITORS

C. L. HERRICK, Socorro, New Mexico.
C. JUDSON HERRICK, Manager, ROBERT M. YERKES,
Denison University.

Harvard University.

ASSOCIATED WITH
OLIVER S. STRONG,

HERBERT S. JENNINGS,
Columbia University.

University of Pennsylvania.

COLLABORATORS.

J. MARK BALDWIN, Johns Hopkins University
FRANK W. BANCROFT, University of California
LEWELLYS F, BARKER, University of Chicago
H. AEATH BAWDEN, Vassar College
ALBRECHT BETHE, University of Strassburg
G. E COGHILL, Pacific University
FRANK J. COLE, University of Liverpool
H. E, CRAMPTON, Columbia University
C. B. DAVENPORT, University of Chicago
WM. HARPER DAVIS,

Columbia University
HENRY H. DONALDSON, University of Chicago
LUDWIG EDINGER, Frankfurt a-M.
S, I. FRANZ, Dartmouth College
A. VAN GEHUCHTEN, University of Louvain
R. G. HARRISON, Johns Hopkins University
C. F. HODGE, Clark University
S. J. HOLMÉS, University of Michigan
EDWIN B. HOLT, Harvard University
G. CARL HUBER, University of Michigan
JOSEPH JASTROW, University of Wisconsin
J. B. JOHNSTON, West Virginia University

B. F, KINGSBURY, Cornell University,
FREDERIC S. LEE, Columbia University
JACQUES LOEB, University of California
ADOLF MEYER, N. Y. State Pathological Inst.
THOS, H. MONTGOMERY, JR., Univ. of Texas
WESLEY MILLS, McGill University
C. LLOYD MORGAN, University College, Bristol
T. H. MORGAN, Bryn Mawr College
A. D. MORRILL, Hamilton College
AUGO MUENSTERBERG, Harvard University
W. A. NAGEL, University of Berlin
G. H. PARKER, Harvard University
STEWART PATON, Johns Hopkins University
RAYMOND PEARL, University of Michigan
C. W. PRENTISS, Western Reserve University,
C.S. SHERRINGTON, University of Liverpool
G. ELLIOT SMITH, Gov't. Medical School, Cairo
EDWARD L.THORNDIKE, Columbia University
JOHN B. WATSON, University of Chicago
W.MWHEELER, Am. Museum of Nat. History
C. O WHITMAN, University of Chicago.

Published bi-monthly
DENISON UNIVERSITY, GRANVILLE, OHIO.

Comparative Neurology and Psychology

Volume XIV.

1904,

Number 1.

THE RELATION OF THE MOTOR ENDINGS ON THE MUSCLE OF THE FROG TO NEIGH

BORING STRUCTURES.

By JOHN GORDON Wilson, M.A., M.B., (Edin.) (From the Hull Anatomical Laboratory of the University of Chicago.)

With Plates I and II,

It is obviously a matter of some importance in the study of the relation of nerve excitability to muscle contraction, to determine the manner in which the peripheral part of the neurone is related to the muscle fiber. Nor has it been neglected; it has long been a favorite subject for investigation and a prolific field for speculation and debate. At the present time renewed attention is being called to it by the recent works of of Apáthy, RUFFINI, GRABOWER and others.

In these writings special emphasis is being laid on the presence of fine fibrillae, called by RUFFINI ultra-terminal fibrillae, which are projected from nerve endings to various neighboring parts.

From an historical standpoint it is extremely interesting to compare the results of KÜHNE with those of Ruffini, DOGIEL, HUBER, SIHLER and others, and to observe that as methods and technique improve, a corresponding complexity can be shown in the relation of nerve to muscle. This is well exemplified in the ending of the motor neurone on the frog's muscle. As regards this animal one must acknowledge that the remarks of Apáthy on nerve endings in invertebrate muscles are not inappropriate :

"Wenn ich auch hier und da schlechthin von Nervenendigungen spreche, so will ich doch gleich hier von vorn herein betonon, dass ich eine Endigung der leitenden Primitivfibrillen nirgends mit Sicherheit constatiren konnte; ich kann nur sagen, bis wie weit ich eine leitende