of Connecticut; which, in many respects, was similar to that of New-Haven.

8. About this time, George Fenwick and others began a settlement at the mouth of the river, which, in honor of Lords Say, Seal, and Brook, was called Saybrook. For many years they enacted their own laws, and made their own regulations; but in 1664 this town became a part of the Connecticut colony.

9. The Dutch, claiming the territory of Connecticut, continued their hostilities, and excited the Indians against the colonies. In 1650, a treaty of peace was made with the English, by which the Dutch gave up their claim to the territory. But soon after, the Dutch governor was detected in forming a conspiracy with the savages, for the entire extermination of the English.

10. At this time the colonies of New-England were all, except Rhode Island, united in a confederacy for their mutual protection. New-Haven and Connecticut, alarmed at their danger, laid before the commissioners of the united colonies, the designs of the Dutch. first agents were sent to the Dutch governor; but obtaining from him no satisfactory explanation of his conduct, the commissioners thought it necessary to appeal

to arms.

At

11. At this critical moment, the court of Massachusetts resolved, "that no decision of the commissioners should bind the colony to engage in war." This was a gross violation of the articles of the confederacy. Connecticut and New-Haven, not being able to defend themselves against their enemies, without the aid of Massachusetts, implored the assistance of Cromwell, who was then at the head of affairs in England. He immediately sent a fleet_against the Dutch; but soon after its arrival in New-England, the news of peace be

8. When was Saybrook settled?

9. What took place in 1650? Did the Dutch continue friendly? 10. What did the colonies of New-Haven and Connecticut do? 11. What was the conduct of Massachusetts? From whom was assistance implored? What did Cromwell do? What event rendered assistance unnecessary?

tween Holland and England reached the colonies, which put an end to all hostilities.

12. On the restoration of Charles II., John Winthrop, governor of Connecticut, was sent to England to obtain from the king a royal charter for that colony. He presented to Charles a ring of great value, which his father Charles I. had given to Winthrop's grandfather. Pleased with the gift, the king granted a charter very liberal in its privileges, and which confirmed all the provisions of their constitution. The charter included New-Haven; but that colony, not willing to give up its entire independence, did not submit to the regulations of the charter until 1665, when the two colonies were united.

13. In 1686, King James II., dissatisfied with the spirit of liberty which prevailed in the colonies, ordered the people of Connecticut to surrender their charter. Sir Edmund Andross, his agent, and at that time governor of New-England, finding the people of that colony unwilling to submit to the king's order, marched with a band of troops to Hartford.

14. The legislature was now in session. Sir Edmund entered the court-house and demanded the charter. The matter was debated until evening, when the charter was brought forth and laid on the table. The excitement was great, and the house was crowded. In the heat of the discussion, the candles were all suddenly extinguished. When they were relighted, the charter was gone. Amid the darkness and confusion, a Captain Wadsworth had seized it, and, escaping from the house, had concealed it in the hollow of an oak tree.

12. Who was sent to obtain a charter for Connecticut? State the result. When were the colonies of Connecticut and New-Haven united?

13. What took place in 1686? What did Sir Edmund Andross do? 14. State what took place at Hartford. What has this tree been called since that event? A. The charter oak. It is still standing in the southern part of the city of Hartford.

15. Andross now took upon himself the absolute control of the colony. Soon after this, King James was driven from the throne, and Connecticut, under the favor of King William, who succeeded him, enjoyed her former privileges. But in 1692, the king appointed Colonel Fletcher governor of New-York, and commissioned him to take command of the militia of Connecticut. By the charter, this power was conferred upon her own governor; and he was determined to maintain it, and was supported in this determination by the people of the colony.

16. The next year, Fletcher repaired to Hartford; but was promptly informed that the militia would not be placed under his command. He then ordered out the troops of that city. This being done, he appeared in front of the line, and commanded one of his officers to read to them his commission from the king. Wads

15. What event occurred soon after, favorable to the colony? What took place in 1692? By the charter of Connecticut, who was commander-in-chief of the militia?

Di

16. When did Col. Fletcher go to Hartford? For what purpose? Did he obtain the command of the militia? What occurred Capt. Wadsworth do right?

worth, the captain of the militia, immediately commanded the drums to beat. Fletcher demanded silence, and ordered the officer to read on. Drum, drum," cried Wadsworth. The order was obeyed, and nothing was heard but the roar of drums. Silence, silence,' exclaimed Fletcher, and a pause succeeded. Wadsworth then turning to Colonel Fletcher, boldly addressed him, "If I am interrupted again, I will make the sun shine through you in a moment," and again ordered the drums to beat. Struck with this bold address, Fletcher no longer persisted. The case was afterwards referred to the king, and decided in favor of Connecticut.

17. In 1700, a number of clergymen desiring to increase the means of education, founded Yale College. It was first established at Saybrook; but in 1716, it was removed to New-Haven. It derived its name from Elihu Yale, one of its most liberal patrons. In respect to numbers and reputation, it is now one of the first literary institutions in the country.

18. In 1708, the people of Connecticut established an ecclesiastical constitution. The ministers and delegates of the churches met at Saybrook, and framed the celebrated creed, called The Saybrook Platform. All churches which acknowledged this platform were established by law. Other churches, however, were permitted to regulate their own concerns as they chose.

19. In the wars with the Indians, Connecticut suffered much, though less than some of the other colonies. Her troops were ever ready to fly to the assistance of their brethren, and were distinguished for their bravery and success. After the death of Philip, she was seldom molested by the Indians, and for many years enjoyed uninterrupted prosperity.

17. When was Yale College founded? Where was it first established? When and to what place was it removed?

19. What was done in 1708? How many years since the first settlement was made in Connecticut?

19. What is said of the troops of Connecticut ?

MARYLAND.

*

1. We have seen that the first settlement of Massachusetts and Rhode-Island was owing to religious persecution. The same spirit prevailed against the Roman Catholics, which led to the settlement of Maryland. In 1632, George Calvert, called Lord Baltimore, a distinguished member of that sect, applied to Charles I. for a grant of territory north of Virginia, for the purpose of establishing a settlement on the principles of religious liberty. Before the grant had passed the royal seal, he died. About two months after, the territory was granted in the name of Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore's eldest son and heir. In honor of the queen Maria, the colony was called Maryland.

2. Lord Baltimore appointed his brother, Leonard Calvert, governor of the province. He, with about 200 Catholic emigrants, arrived at the mouth of the Potomac, in 1634. After exploring the country for a few weeks, they purchased the village of Yoamaco of the Indians, and named it St. Marys. Here they found comfortable habitations; and the soil being somewhat cultivated, they had a sufficient supply of provisions.

3. Many circumstances favored the settlement of Maryland; although Lord Baltimore and his family were Catholics, and had been severely oppressed and persecuted in England, they granted equal protection to

1. What led to the settlement of Maryland? How did Lord Baltimore wish to establish a settlement?

2. When, where, and by whom, was the first settlement made? 3. What circumstance favored the settlement of Maryland? How does the conduct of the first settlers of Maryland compare with that of the first settlers of Massachusetts ?

George Calvert was born in Yorkshire, Eng. in 1582. He possessed superior talents, and was knighted by James I., and made clerk of the privy council; and in 1619 was appointed one of the secretaries of state. This post he resigned in 1624, in consequence of having become a Roman Catholic. Notwithstanding this, he retained the confidence of the king, and in 1625, was created Lord Baltimore, or baron of Baltimore. in the kingdom of Ireland. He died at London, 1632, beloved and respected by all. It is said of him, that he took as much pleasure in hearing the sentiments of others, as in delivering his own, and was ever conspicuous for his good sense and moderation.