of free and equal citizenship. The govern- to produce them. Primarily, it is labor ment is in the hands of the masses, and not which is interested most in this question of of the few. This is our boast, and it is a protection. The man with money can seek proud one. The condition of the masses, other avenues of profit and investment, or their well-being, their intelligence, their can wait for his dividends, but the laborer preparation for the civil duties which rest cannot wait for his dinner, and the United upon them, depend largely upon the scale States do not want citizens who make presiof industrial wages. It is essential, there- dents, and senates, and the house of reprefore, that the best possible wages attainable sentatives, to be in a condition of dependence shall be secured and maintained. This is and destitution. That is not the sort of vital and fundamental. We cannot, without citizenship we want. grave danger and serious disturbance-we We are different from any other nation, ought not under any circumstances-adopt and it is that difference which makes us the a policy which would scale down the wages best. Our political system rests upon a and diminish the comforts of the American principle different from that of any other. workingmen. Their welfare and independ- It is founded upon the consent of the people. ence, their progress and elevation are closely If we had wanted it otherwise we would not related to the welfare and independence and have left home, but would have remained progress of the republic. We have got no the obedient child of an imperious parent. pampered class in this country, and we want We would not have turned away from the none. We want the field kept open. No mother country. We would have remained narrowing of the avenues, no lowering of one of her dependencies. We would not our standard. We want no barriers raised have fought our way through blood and against a higher and better civilization. sacrifice to independence. We separated to The gateway of opportunity must be open set up for ourselves a free and independent to all, to the end that they may be first who political society, and that policy is the best for deserve to be first, whether born in poverty us which best subserves the purposes of our or reared in luxury. We do not want the organization, our citizenship and civilization. masses excluded from competing for the It is ours to work out our own destiny, and, first rank among their countrymen and for in doing so, furnish an example of a free and the nation's greatest honors, and we do not progressive people, whose industrial policy mean they shall be. has made it possible to satisfy the best and highest aspirations of men, and which closes no field to human endeavor. We would wish for all mankind the beneficence of our system and the opportunities which it presents. We bid them level their condition up to ours; we will not level ours down to theirs. We will remove all restrictions from international trade, as we have removed all restrictions from inter State trade, whenever they will raise their labor and their conditions to our standard.

Free trade, or a revenue tariff, will, of necessity, shut them out. It has no respect for labor. It holds it as the mere machinery of capital. It would have cheap men that it might have cheap merchandise. With all of its boasted love for the struggling millions, it is infinitely more interested in cutting down the wages of labor than in saving twenty-five cents on a blanket; more intent in reducing the purchasing power of a man's labor than the cost of his coat. Things are not always dearest when their price is nominally the highest. The price is not the only measure, but the wherewith to buy it is an essential factor. Few men before me but have found in the course of their lives more than once that that which was cheapest when measured by mere price was the dearest when they were without money and employment, or when their products could find no market, and, finding it, commanded no price at all commensurate with the labor required

Men of Georgia, upon this great industrial question there should be no North nor South. To us of every section have been entrusted the interests of our country-our whole country. To others have been confided the care of other nations and other people. We will not interfere with them; we bid them not interfere with us. My fellow-citizens, in this conflict, influenced by patriotism, national interest, and national pride, let us be Americans.

Speech of Hon. Chauncey M. Depew. the public mind which were eloquent with Presenting President Harrison for Renomination at the popular enthusiasm. It needed little else Minneapolis Convention, June 9, 1892. than a recital of the glorious story of its Mr. President and Gentlemen of the heroes and a statement of the achievements Convention. It is the peculiarity of Re- of the Republican party to retain the conpublican National Conventions that each fidence of the people. But from the deone of them has a distinct and interesting sire for a change, which is characteristic history. We are here to meet conditions of free governments, there came a reversal, and solve problems which make this gather- there came a check to the progress of the ing not only no exception to the rule but Republican party and four years of Demosubstantially a new departure. That there cratic administration. Those four years should be strong convictions and their largely relegated to the realm of history earnest expression as to preferences and past issues and brought us face to face politics is characteristic of the right of in- with what Democracy, its professions and dividual judgment which is the fundamen- its practices mean to-day. The great tal principle of Republicanism. There names which have adorned the roll of the have been occasions when the result was so Republican statesman and soldiers are sure that the delegates could freely indulge potent and popular. The great measures in the charming privilege of favoritism and of the Republican party are still the best of friendship. But the situation which part of the history of the country. The now confronts us demands the exercise of unequalled and unexampled story of Redispassionate judgment and our best publicanism in its progress and its achievethought and experience. We cannot ven- ments stands unique in the record of parture on uncertain ground or encounter ties in governments which are free. But obstacles placed in the pathway of success we live in practical times, facing practical by ourselves. The Democratic party is issues which affect the business, the wages, now divided, but the hope of the posses- the labor and the prosperity of to-day. sion of power once more will make it in "It will be won or lost upon the policy, the final battle more aggressive, determined foreign and domestic, the industrial measand unscrupulous than ever. It starts ures and the administrative acts of the with fifteen States secure without an effort administration of Benjamin Harrison. by processes which are a travesty upon Whoever receives the nomination of this popular government, and, if continued convention will run upon the judgment of long enough, will paralyze institutions the people as to whether they have been founded upon popular suffrage. It has to more prosperous and more happy, whether win four more States in a fair fight, States the country has been in a better condition which, in the vocabulary of politics, are at home and stood more honorable abroad denominated doubtful. The Republican under these last four years of Harrison and party must appeal to the conscience and Republican administration than during the the judgment of the individual voter in preceding four years of Cleveland and every State in the Union. This is in ac- Democratic government. Not since Thomas cordance with the principles upon which it Jefferson has any administration been was founded and the objects for which it called upon to face and solve so many or contends. It has accepted this issue before such difficult problems as those which have and fought it out with an extraordinary been exigent in our conditions. No adcontinuance of success. The conditions of ministration since the organization of the Republican victory from 1860 to 1880 were government has ever met difficulties better created by Abraham Lincoln and U. S. or more to the satisfaction of the American Grant. They were that the saved republic people. Chile has been taught that, no should be run by its saviours, the emanci- matter how small the antagonist, no compation of slaves, the reconstruction of the munity can with safety insult the flag or States, the reception of those who had murder American sailors. Germany and fought to destroy the republic back into England have learned in Samoa that the the fold, without the penalties or punish- United States has become one of the powers ments, and to an equal share with those of the world, and no matter how mighty who had fought and saved the nation, in the adversary, at every sacrifice American the solemn obligation and inestimable honor will be maintained. The Bering privilege of American citizenship. They Sea question, which was the insurmountwere the embodiment into the Constitution able obstacle in the diplomacy of Cleveland of the principles for which 2,000,000 of and of Bayard, has been settled upon a men had fought and 500,000 had died. basis which sustains the American people They were the restoration of public credit, until arbitration shall have determined our the resumption of specie payments and the right. The dollar of the country has been prosperous condition of solvent business placed and kept on the standard of comfor twenty-five years. They were names mercial nations, and a convention has been with which to conjure and events fresh in agreed upon with foreign governments,

which, by making bi-metallism the policy Leonidas among the Greeks, except that of all nations, may successfully solve all he succeeded where Leonidas failed. The our financial problems. The tariff, tink- fight of Joe Hooker above the clouds was ered with and trifled with to the serious the poetry of battle. The resistless rush disturbance of trade and disaster to busi- of Sheridan and his steed down the valley ness since the days of Washington, has been of the Shenandoah is the epic of our civil courageously embodied into a code which war. The march of Sherman from Athas preserved the principle of the protec- lanta to the sea is the supreme triumph of tion of American industries. To it has gallantry and strategy. It detracts nothbeen added a beneficient policy, sup- ing from the splendor or the merits of the plemented by beneficial treaties and wise deeds of his lieutenants to say that having diplomacy, which has opened to our selected them with marvellous sagacity and farmers and manufacturers the markets of discretion Grant still remained the supreme other countries. The navy has been commander of the national army. All the builded upon lines which will protect proposed acts of any administration before American citizens and American interests they are formulated are passed upon in and the American flag all over the world. Cabinet council, and the measures and sugThe public debt has been reduced. The gestions of the ablest Secretaries would maturing bonds have been paid off. The have failed with a lesser President, but for public credit has been maintained. The the great good of the country and the burdens of taxation have been lightened. benefit of the Republican party they have Two hundred millions of currency have succeeded because of the suggestive mind, been added to the people's money without the indomitable courage, the intelligent disturbances of the exchanges. appreciation of situation and the grand "Unexampled prosperity has crowned magnanimity of Benjamin Harrison. It wise laws and their wise administration. is an undisputed fact that during the few The main question which divides us is to months when both the Secretary of State whom does the credit of all this belong? and the Secretary of the Treasury were ill Orators may stand upon this platform the President personally assumed the duties more able and more eloquent than I who will of the State Department and of the Treaspaint in more brilliant colors, but they can-jury Department, and both with equal sucnot put in more earnest thought the affec- cess. The Secretary of State in accepting tion and admiration of Republicans for our his portfolio under President Garfield distinguished Secretary of State. I yield wrote: Your administration must be to no Republican, no matter from what made brilliant, successful and strong in the State he hails, in admiration and respect confidence and pride of the people, not at for John Sherman, for Governor McKin- all diverting its energies for re-election, ley, for Thomas B. Reed, for Iowa's great and yet compelling that result by the logic Senator, for the favorites of Illinois and of events and by the imperious necessities Wisconsin, but when I am told that the of the situation.' Garfield fell before the credit for the brilliant diplomacy of this bullet of the assassin and Mr. Blaine readministration belongs exclusively to the tired to private life. General Harrison Secretary of State, for the administration invited him to take up that unfinished of its finances to the Secretary of the diplomatic career where its threads had Treasury, for the construction of its ships been so tragically broken. He entered the to the Secretary of the Navy, for the in- Cabinet. He resumed his work and has won troduction of American pork in Europe to a higher place in our history. The prophecy the Secretary of Agriculture, for the set- he made for Garfield has been superbly tlement, so far as it is settled, of the cur- fulfilled by Harrison. In the language of rency question, to Senator John Sherman, Mr. Blaine: The President has compelled for the formulation of the tariff laws to a re-election by the logic of events and the Governor McKinley, for the removal of imperious necessities of the situation.' the restrictions placed by foreign nations The man who is nominated here to-day upon the introduction of American pork to win must carry a certain well-known to our ministers at Paris and Berlin, I am number of the doubtful States. Patrick tempted to seriously inquire who, during Henry, in the convention which started the last four years, has been President of rolling the ball of the independence of the the United States anyhow? Cæsar, when Colonies from Great Britain, said: 'I have he wrote those commentaries, which were but one lamp by which my feet are guided, the history of the conquests of Europe and that is the lamp of experience. under his leadership, modestly took the know of no way of judging of the future position of Eneas when he said: "They but by the past.' New York was carried are the narrative of events, the whole of in 1880 by General Garfield, and in every which I saw and the part of which I was.' important election since then we have done General Thomas, as the rock of Chicka- our best. We have put forward our ablest, mauga, occupies a place in our history with our most popular, our most brilliant leaders

pork

for Governor and State officers to suffer of the Democracy of New Jersey is the constant defeat. The only light which success of the Democratic party and its illumines with the sun of hope the dark principles. We have been in the past, and record of those twelve years is the fact will be in the future, ready to sacrifice perthat in 1888 the State of New York was sonal preferences in deference to the clear triumphantly carried by President Harri- expression of the will of the Democracy of son. He carried it then as a gallant sol- the Union. It is because of that that this dier, a wise Senator, statesman, who in- name will awaken throughout our State the spired confidence by his public utterances enthusiasm of the Democracy and insure in daily speech from the commencement success. It is because he represents the of the canvass to its close. He still has great Democratic principles and policy upon all these claims, and in addition an admin- which this entire convention is a unit; it is istration beyond criticism and rich with because we believe that with him as a canelements of popularity with which to carry didate the Democrats of the Union will New York. Ancestry helps in the old sweep the country and establish its prinworld and handicaps in the new. There is ciples throughout the length and breadth but one distinguished example of a son of the land, that we offer to the Convenfirst overcoming the limitations imposed tion as a nominee the choice of New Jerby the pre-eminent fame of his father, and sey, Grover Cleveland.

then rising above it, and that was when If any doubt existed in the minds of the the younger Pitt became greater than Democrats of New Jersey of his ability to Chatham. With an ancestor a signer of lead the great Democratic hosts to victory the Declaration of Independence and they would not present his name, to-day. another who saved the Northwest from With them success of the party and the savagery and gave it to civilization an establishment of its principles are beyond empire, who was also President of the their love and admiration for any man. United States, a poor and unknown lawyer We feel certain that every Democratic State of Indiana has risen by his unaided efforts though its preferences may be for some to such distinction as lawyer, orator, sol- other distinguished Democrat, will give its dier, statesman and President, that he warm, enthusiastic and earnest support to reflects more credit on his ancestors than the nominee of this Convention. they have devolved upon him and pre- The man whom we present will rally to sents in American history the parallel his party thousands of independent voters, of the younger Pitt. By the grand record whose choice is determined by their perof a wise administration, by the strength sonal conviction that the candidate will in frequent contact of the people, in won- represent principles dear to them, and derfully versatile and felicitious speech, by whose public life and policy gives assurance the claims of a pure life in public and in that if chosen by the people they will secure the simplicity of a typical American home, an honest, pure and conservative adminisI nominate Benjamin Harrison."

tration and the great interests of the country will be encouraged and protected. The time will come when other distinguished Democrats who have been menPresenting Grover Cleveland for Nomination at the tioned in connection with this nomination Chicago Convention, June 22, 1892.

Speech of Hon. Leon Abbett.

will receive that consideration to which the MR. CHAIRMAN AND GENTLEMEN OF great services they have rendered their THE CONVENTION.-In presenting the party entitle them, but we stand to-day in name to this Convention, I speak for the the presence of the fact that the majority united Democracy of the State of New of the Democratic masses throughout the Jersey, whose loyalty to Democratic princi- county, the rank and file, the millions of its ples, faithful services to the party, and voters, demand the nomination of Grover whose contributions to its success entitle it Cleveland.

to the respectful consideration of the Dem- This sentiment is so strong and overpowocracy of the United States. Its electoral ering that it has affected and controlled the vote has always been cast in support of actions of delegates who would otherwise Democratic principles and Democratic can- present the name of some distinguished didates. leader of their own State with whom they

In voicing the unanimous wish of the feel victory would be assured and in whom delegation from New Jersey, I present as the entire country would feel confidence, their candidate for the suffrages of this but the people have spoken and favorite Convention the name of a distinguished sons and leaders are standing aside in obeDemocratic statesman, born upon its soil, dience to their will.

for whom in the two great Presidential Shall we listen to the voice of the Decontests the State of New Jersey has given mocracy of the Union? Shall we place on its electoral vote. our banner the man of our choice, the man The supreme consideration in the mind in whom they believe, or shall we, for any