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Powerful man, resection of cervical nerves for torticollis; 1 per cent. used.

Woman, aged 50, removal of breast; 1 per cent. used.

In these and other operations, Mr. Crawford (House Physician) remarks the period of induction was usually devoid of struggling. The patients took the anesthetic easily. The degree of narcosis was light; no dangerous symptoms arose.

B. Female, 31, femoral hernia.

in seven and a half minutes.

Induction 5 to 2 per cent. No struggling. Operation performed with 1 per cent; patient quiet, but C.R. present-duration. forty-five minutes. 4 fl drachms used.

W. B., male, 19, for cerebral tumor. Induction 1.5 per cent. in two minutes, C.R. present. Operation done in thirty minutes under .5 per cent. No struggling. 11⁄2 fl drachms used.

Female, 46, removal of kidney. Induction eight minutes, .5 to 2 per cent. Slight struggling. No movement during operation, although, owing to posture, some air probably entered round mask, reducing percentage below 2. C.R. present, although sluggish. Duration of narcosis eighty minutes. 1 fl oz. used.

In all these cases respiration was accelerated at times during operations, when dragging or other peripheral stimulation was practised, owing to anesthesia being light.

Male, 32, for cerebral tumor. Induction .5 to 2 per cent., ten minutes; was restless fifteen minutes. During operation 2 per cent., 1 per cent., then .5 per cent. Final sewing up caused movement, 2 per cent. given. Duration, forty minutes. 2 fl oz. used. Patient gained consciousness in five minutes after cessation of inhalation.

Female, 29, fissure and ulcerated pile. Induction, .5 to 2 per cent., ten minutes. Dilatation of sphincter caused quickened breathing. C.R. sluggish during operation. Duration thirtysix minutes. Regained consciousness in about half an hour. Some sickness during the night.

Male, 24, radical cure of hernia. Induction, .5 to 2 per cent., seven minutes; no struggling. Slight movement of limbs after skin incision, and quickening of respiration upon dragging on deep structures. After twenty-five minutes, as some duskiness was present, 1.5 per cent. used; cyanosis lessened. In thirtytwo minutes 1 per cent. used, but coughing and finally vomiting occurred, so 2 per cent. was gone back to after three minutes. Final skin sutures quickened respiration. Recovered consciousness five minutes after discontinuance of anesthetic, and vomited. Duration, fifty minutes.

The cases cited were mostly done in my presence by my dressers, so the apparatus was subjected to a more severe test than if it had been in the hands of an expert. The most notice

able points about the narcosis which was induced are: (a) the facility with which patients inhale; (b) the slight amount of excitement or struggling; (c) its light degree and the readiness with which it lightens; (d) the rapid recovery; (e) absence of anomalous symptoms.

REFRIGERATING PLANT AT LONDON HOSPITAL.

THE refrigerating machine which is one of J. & E. Hall's No Sa horizontal type with separate evaporator and condenser, is driven by an electric motor through a small countershaft fixed on the roof of the chamber. The plant is also provided with a water circulating pump and a brine circulating pump.

For the sake of economy of water a water re-cooling arrange ment is installed and placed on the roof of the engine room to spray the water, the spraying nozzles being surrounded by wind louvres and the spray caught in a shallow tank. The water, after it has passed through the condenser, is re-cooled and used over again, thus only a very small quantity is required to replace the wastage and evaporation.

The duty of the plant is as follows:

To manufacture about two tons of ice per twenty-four hours. To cool an ice store situated below the ice plant and capable of containing about 150 tons of ice.

To cool to a temperature of about 32 deg. a mortuary containing twelve bodies.

To cool a freezing larder to a temperature of about 25 deg., this larder containing all kinds of frozen goods like meat, poultry, game, etc.

To keep at a temperature of about 35 deg. a larder of 1,600 c.f. capacity, this larder being used for storing the every day's provisions.

To cool a small store next to the ice store.

The machine is used for cooling brine, which the brine circulating pump distributes through the ice tank and the pipes in the various chambers where "cold" has to be produced, some of the chambers being at a considerable distance from the machine itself.

The mortuary and freezing rooms are cooled by means of large galvanized overhead cylinders. These contain a consider...able volume of cold brine, thanks to which great regularity in the temperature of the chambers is obtained, and the cooling effect continues for a considerable number of hours after the machine

is stopped, so that there is no necessity for running the machine on Sundays.

The provision larder, where the temperature does not require to be so low as in the freezing room, is fitted with Messrs. J. & E. Hall's patent brine walls, which lie flat against the walls and take up very little room in the chamber.

Special attention has been given to the ice-making plant. The ice is manufactured in blocks of one cwt. each, and is quite transparent, as distilled water is used for filling the ice moulds.

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This is only one of the many refrigerating plants which Messrs. J. & E. Hall, Limited, have installed in hospitals, asylums, etc., but it is certainly one of the most interesting, as the refrigerating plant is used for so many different purposes, and, thanks to the system of brine circulation used, the cold" can be applied to any part of the building, sometimes at a considerable distance from the machine itself, as the machine, using as the refrigerant an entirely harmless gas, can be placed in any suitable position.

THE INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE OF SCHOOL HYGIENE.

UNDER the above title, written in three languages, German, French and English, a new magazine has just appeared, the first copy, published in Leipsic on January 13th, reaching Toronto on the last day of that month. It attests the great interest taken at present in the subject of school hygiene, an interest which is growing every day. The magazine is German with the exception of one page, the prospectus, which is in the three languages already mentioned. From it we learn that the subject matter includes: (1) Hygiene of school buildings and their furniture; (2) hygiene of residential schools and kindergartens; (3) methods of investigation in school hygiene; (4) hygiene of teaching and of teaching materials; (5) hygienic instruction of teachers and scholars; (6) physical education of youth; (7) diseases and medical service in schools; (8) hygiene of special schools; (9) hygiene of school children out of school; (10) hygiene of teachers; (11) general hygienic development in youth; (12) legal decisions and regulations regarding school hygiene; (13) conferences and congresses for school hygiene; (14) history of school hygiene.

The magazine is for the publication of original articles only, which will be paid for at the rate of fifty marks per printed sheet. It appears in parts of ten sheets, and the interval at which the parts appear will depend on the amount of manuscript

for publication. The first number contains nine articles and comprises 145 pages. There are 160 associate editors, of whom nine are English and Scotch, seven American, and two Canadian. The four editors are Le Docteur Mathieu, of Paris; Sir Lauder Brunton, London; Professor Johann Essen, of Christiania, and Professor Griesbach, of Mulhausen. An English translation of this interesting and valuable magazine is urgently required, and is, we believe, in course of publication.

The Personal Influence of the Physician in Venereal Diseases. -H. D. Holton, Brattleboro, Vt. (Journal A. M. A., March 11), calls attention to the great good that might be accomplished by physicians giving personal instruction to patients concerning the prevention of venereal diseases. He quotes circulars discussed at the 1903 meeting of the State and Provincial Boards of Health of North America, which are issued by the various boards to physicians in their jurisdiction.

Reed & Carnrick's New Canadian Agency.-This well-known firm, with headquarters at Jersey City, N.J., have. appointed Messrs. A. L. Massey & Co., 61-63 Adelaide St. East, Toronto, their sole Canadian agents. We think that Reed & Carnrick have acted wisely in this connection, A. L. Massey & Co. having exceptional facilities for sampling and bringing Peptenzyme and other preparations made by this firm before the profession throughout the Dominion. Another agency secured by the new Toronto physicians' supply house is that for Homburg Salts, which is rapidly securing a place as a therapeutic agent.

Biloxi Sanatorium.--We take pleasure in referring our readers to the announcement, on page xlv. of this issue of the JOURNAL, of Dr. H. M. Folkes, President and Medical Superintendent of Biloxi Sanatorium, at the town bearing a similar name in the State of Mississippi. Dr. Folkes is known to quite a number of Canadians, and all who have the pleasure of his friendship know full well that he conducts an institution of the most ethical character. Biloxi Sanatorium is situate on the Gulf of Mexico, an ideal place for those desiring to thoroughly recuperate from illness. Dr. Folkes is anxious to have Canadian physicians become better acquainted with his institution, and will be glad to have suitable cases referred to him. He has a staff of physicians as well as a corps of competent nurses, and has special facilities for the treatment of neurasthenia, insomnia, asthma, dyspepsia and kindred ailments. The rooms are larg and airy, spacious grounds with most delightful bathing sur mer and winter. Write Dr. H. M. Folkes, Biloxi, Miss., fo ull particulars.

Journal of Medicine and Surgery

J. J. CASSIDY, M.D.,

EDITOR,

43 BLOOR STREET EAST, TORONTO. Surgery-BRUCE L. RIORDAN, M.D., C.M., McGill Univer sity; M.D. University of Toronto: Surgeon Toronto General Hospital; Surgeon Grand Trunk R. R.; Consulting Surgeon Toronto Home for Incurables: Pension Examiner United States Government; and F. N. G. STARR, M. B., Toronto, Associate Professor of Clinical Surgery, Toronto University; Surgeon to the Out-Door Departinen: Toronto General Hospital and Hospital for Sick Children; N. A. POWELL, M.D., C.M., Prof. of Medical Jurisprudence, Toronto University, Surgeon To outo General Hospital etc. Clinical Surgery-ALEX. PRIMROSE, M.B., C.M. Edinburgh University; Professor of Anatomy and Director of the Anatomical Department. Toronto University: Associate Professor of Clinical Surgery, Toronto University; Secretary Medical Faculty, Toronto University. Orthopedic Surgery-B. E. MCKENZIE, B.A., M.D., Toronto, Surgeon to the Toronto Orthopedic Hospital; Surgeon to the Out-Patient Department, Toronto General Hospital: Assistant Professor of Clinical Surgery, Ontario Medical College for Women: Member of the American Orthopedic Association; and H. P. H. GALLOWAY, M.D., Toronto, Surgeon to the Toronto Orthopedic Hospital; Orthopedic Surgeon, Toronto Western Hos. pital; Member of the American Orthopedic Associa tion.

Surgical Pathology-T. H. MANLEY, M.D., New York, Visiting Surgeon to Harlem Hospital, Professor of Surgery, New York School of Clinical Medicine, New York, etc., etc.

Gynecology and Obstetrics-GEO, T. MCKEOUGH, M.D., M.R.C.S. Eng, Chatham, Ont.; and J. H. LOWE, M.D., Newmarket, Ont.

Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology-ARTHUR JUKES JOHNSON, M.B., MR.C.S Eng Croner for the City of Toronto; Surgeo Toronto Railway Co., Toronto: W. A. YOUNG. MD., L.R.C.P. Lond.; Assoc ate Coroner, City of Toronto.

Physiother my-CHAS. R DICKSON, M.D, C.M., Queen'‹ University; M.D., University of the city of New York; Electrologist Toronto General Hossital, Hospital tor Sick Childre, and S. Michael's Hospital.

W. A. YOUNG, M.D., L.R.C.P. LOND..

MANAGING EDITOR,

145 COLLEGE STREET, TORONTO. Medicine-J. J. CASSIDY, M.D., Toronto, Member Ontario Provincial Board of Health; Consulting Surgeon, Toronto General Hospital; and W. J. WILSON, M D. Toronto, Physician Toronto Western Hospital. Oral Surgery-E, H. ADAMS, M.D., D.D.S., Toronto. Clinical Medicine-ALEXANDER MCPHEDRAN, M.D., Pro fessor of Medicine and Clinical Medicine Toronto University; Physician Toronto General Hospital, St. Michael's Hospital, and Victoria Hospital for Sick. Children. Mental and Nervous Diseases-N. H. BEEMER, M. D. Mimic Insane Asylum; CAMPBELL MEYERS, M.D., M.R.CS. LR.CP (L ndon, En..). Private Hosp tal Dee Park, Toronto; and EZRA H. STAFFORD, M.D. Public Health and Hygiene-J. J. CASSIDY, M.D., Toronto, Member Ontario Provincial Board of Health; Consulting Surgeon Toronto General Hospital; and E. H. ADAMS, M.D., Toronto. Physiology-A. B. EADIE, MD.. Toronto, Professor of Physiology Womans Medical College, Toronto, Pediatrics-A. R. GORDON, M D.. Toronto; HELEN MACMURCHY, M.D., Toront

Pathology-W. H. PEPLER, M.D., C.M, Trinity University; Pathologist Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto; Associate Demonstrator of Pathology Tronto Univer-ity; Physician to Outdoor Department Toronto. General Hospital; Surgeon Canadian Pacific R.R., Toronto and J. J. MACKENZIE, B.A.. M.B., Professor of Pathology and Bacteriology. Toronto University Medical Facuity. Ophthalmology and Otology-J. M. MACCALLUM, M D., Toronto, Professor of ater a Medica Toronto Universi y Assistant Physician Toronto General Hospital: Oculist and Aurist Victoria Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto.

Laryngology and Rhinology-J. D. THORBURN, M.D., Toronto, Laryngol gist and Eh no.ogist, Toronto Gen ral Hosp tal.

Pharmacology and Therapeutics-A. J. HARRINGTON M.D., M.R.C.S.Eng., Toronto.

Address all Communications, Correspondence, Books, Matter Regarding Advertising, and make all Cheques, Drafts and Post-office Orders payable to "The Canadian Journal of Medicine and Surgery,” 145 College St., Toronto, Canada. Doctors will confer a favor by sending news, reports and papers of interest from any section of the country. Individual experience and theories are also solicited. Contributors must kindly remember that all papers, reports, correspon. dence, etc., must be in our hands by the fifteenth of the month previous to publication. Advertisements, to insure insertion in the issue of any month, should be sent not later than the tenth of the preceding month, London, Eng. Representative, W. Hamilton Miln, 8 Bouverie Street, E. C. Agents for Germany Saalbach's News Exchange, Mainz, Germany.

VOL. XVII.

TORONTO, APRIL, 1905.

NO. 4.

Editorials.

DR. OSLER'S OPINIONS ON THE CAUSE OF GREATNESS IN MEN.

BENJAMIN D'ISRAELI, in "Coningsby," which appeared sixtyone years ago, proclaims the glorification of youthful genius, as evidenced in Hannibal, Bonaparte, Nelson, Clive, Cortes, Leo X., Richelieu, Loyola, Byron, Raphael; but he is careful to inter

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