United States Forestry Statistics.

(Corrected by the Chief of the Division of Forestry, U. S. Department of Agriculture.)

FOREST AREA.

THE total woodland area in the United States is estimated at 1,094,514 square miles, or about 699,500,000 acres, which is 36% per cent of the total land area, Alaska not included. -Gannett.

The total annual consumption of manufactured forest products in the United States, according to the figures of the Census of 1890, is more than 18,000,000,000 cubic feet, divided approximately as follows: Lumber market and manufactures, 2,250,000,000 cubic feet; fuel, 15,000,000,000 cubic feet; railroad ties, 27,000,000 cubic feet; fencing, 30,000,000 cubic feet; other items, 1,000,000,000 cubic feet. The amount of cubic feet of standing timber necessary to produce these quantities of usable material is immensely greater, probably almost double. The value of the annual products of our forests was estimated by the Census of 1890 at $1,038,616,947.

At the present rate of cutting the forest land of the United States cannot long meet the enormous demand made upon it. By far the greater part of the white pine has been cut, and vast inroads have been made into the supply of other valuable timbers. In many sections of the country more timber falls by fire than by the axe. The average annual loss from fire is not less than $20,000,000.

FOREST PRESERVATION.

For the preservation of the forests, the State of New York first instituted a Forest Commission in 1885. Several radical changes have been made in the law, which now provides for a "Forest, Fish, and Game Commission," to which is delegated the enforcement of the fish and game laws, the care of the Adirondack Park, and the State Forest Preserve. The Legislature of 1897 authorized the purchase of lands in the Adirondacks as an addition to the Park and Forest Reserve to the amount of $1,000,000, to which $500,000 in 1898 and $300,000 in 1899 have since been added. A State College of Forestry has been opened at Cornell University, and has charge of 30,000 acres of State land as a demonstration forest in the Adirondacks. Better methods of handling spruce lands have been introduced on 150,000 acres of private forests, under the direction of the Division of Forestry, U. S. Department of Agriculture. The States of Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Maine, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin also have special commissions under their forestry laws. The Pennsylvania Legislature of 1897 provided for the purchase of three forest reserves of not less than 40,000 acres each, and the Wisconsin Assembly appointed a commission to formulate and recommend forest legislation. Michigan also, in 1899, appointed a commission to study the forest question and select land for a State forest reserve. Minnesota has probably the best forest fire law of any State, with a Chief Fire Warden as executive officer. In New Jersey and North Carolina the Geological Survey is specially charged with forest interests. (See State Legislation in 1901" for action by Legislatures upon forest preservation in 1901.)

A national organization known as the American Forestry Association, composed of delegates from the States, meets annually. F. H. Newell, Washington, D. C., is Corresponding Secretary. Local or State Associations have been formed in California, Connecticut, Colorado, Ohio, New York, Pennsyl vania, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Indiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Washington, Minnesota, Texas, Utah, North Dakota, Wisconsin, and New Jersey.

By act of March 3, 1891, the President is authorized to make public forest reservations. Seventeen such, comprising 17,968,440 acres, were established in Colorado, New Mexico, California, Arizona, Wyoming, Oregon, and Washington, previous to 1897. On February 22, 1897, President Cleveland proclaimed 13 additional reserves, with a total area of 25,683, 840 acres.

These reservations were made upon the recommendation of a committee of the National Academy of Sciences after thoroughly investigating the subject at the request of the President. The Sundry Civil bill which passed Congress June 4, 1897, temporarily suspended the reservations of February 22, until the act of March 1, 1898, ordered their survey by the Director of the Geological Survey, and appropriated $150,000 therefor. The bill provides that lands more suitable for agriculture than for forestry shall be permanently restored to the public domain. It also authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to formulate such rules and regulations for the care and management of the forest reservations as may in his judgment be necessary. Since its passage extensive additional areas have been reserved in Arizona, New Mexico, South Dakota, Montana, Utah, Wyoming, and California, and the attitude of the West toward the reserves has radically changed for the better. The total area of the forest reservations was on October 15, 1900, 46,828,449 acres.

ARBOR DAY.

The individual States have striven to encourage tree-planting by appointing a certain day in the year, to be known as Arbor Day, for the voluntary planting of trees by the people. All the States and Territories except Delaware and the Indian Territory have since then, by legislative enactment or otherwise, established an annual Arbor Day. (See Legal Holidays. "')'

State Flowers.

THE following are "State Flowers," as adopted in most instances by the votes of the public school scholars of the respective States:

In other States the scholars or State Legislatures have not yet taken action. In Kansas the Sunflower is usually known as the State flower.

Adopted by State Legislature, not by public school scholars. †Adopted by the women's clubs of the State.

Ensular Possessions of the United States.

THE PHILIPPINES.

FOR an account of the Philippine Islands see page 178.

PORTO RICO.

The island of Porto Rico, over which the flag of the United States was raised in token of formal possession on October 18, 1898, is the most eastern of the Greater Antilles in the West Indies and is separated on the east from the Danish island of St. Thomas by a distance of about fifty miles, and from Hayti on the west by the Mona passage, seventy miles wide. Distances from San Juan, the capital, to important points are as follows: New York, 1,411 miles; Charleston, S. C., 1,200 miles; Key West, Fla., 1,050 miles; Havana, 1,000 miles.

The island is a parallelogram in general outline, 108 miles from the east to the west, and from 37 to 43 miles across, the area being about 3.600 square miles, or somewhat less than half that of the State of New Jersey (Delaware has 2,050 square miles and Connecticut 4,990 square miles). The population according to an enumeration made in 1887 was 798,565, of whom 474,933 were whites, 246,647 mulattoes, and 76,905 negroes. An enumeration taken by the United States Government in 1900 showed a population of 953,243. The density was 264 to the square mile; 83.2 per cent of the population cannot read.

Porto Rico is unusually fertile, and its dominant industries are agriculture and lumbering. In elevated regions the vegetation of the temperate zone is not unknown. There are more than 500 varieties of trees found in the forests, and the plains are full of palm, orange, and other trees. The principal crops are sugar, coffee, tobacco, cotton, and maize, but bananas, rice, pineapples, and many other fruits are important products. The largest article of export from Porto Rico is coffee, which is over 63 per cent of the whole. The next largest is sugar, 28 per cent. The other exports in order of amount are tobacco, honey, molasses, cattle, timber, and hides.

ber.

The principal minerals found in Porto Rico are gold, carbonates, and sulphides of copper and magnet c oxide of iron in large quantities. Lignite is found at Utuado and Moca, and also yellow amA large variety of marbles, limestones, and other building stones are deposited on the island, but these resources are very undeveloped. There are salt works at Guanica and Salinac on the south coast, and at Cape Rojo on the west, and these constitute the principal mineral industry in Porto Rico. There are 159 miles of railway, with 170 miles under construction, and 470 miles of telegraph lines. These connect the capital with the principal ports south and west. Submarine cables run from San Juan to St. Thomas and Jamaica. The principal cities are Mayaguez with 15, 187, Ponce, 27,952 inhabitants; and San Juan, the capital, with 32,048.

An act providing for a civil government for Porto Rico was passed by the Fifty-sixth Congress and received the assent of the President April 12, 1900. A statement of its provisions was printed in THE WORLD ALMANAC for 1901, pages 92 and 93.

Under this act a civil government was established, which went into effect May 1, 1900. There are two legislative chambers, the Executive Council, or "Upper House," composed of the Government Secretary, Attorney-General, Treasurer, Auditor, Commissioner of the Interior, and Commissioner of Education, and five citizens appointed by the President, and the House of Delegates, or Lower House," consisting of 35 members, elected by the people.

The Governor of Porto Rico is W. H. Hunt (salary $8,000), who was appointed by the President, July 23, 1900, to succeed Charles H. Allen.

CUAM.

The island of Guam, the largest of the Marianne or Ladrone Archipelago, was ceded by Spain to the United States by Article 2 of the Treaty of Peace, concluded at Paris December 10. 1898. It lies in a direct line from San Francisco to the southern part of the Philippines, and is 5,200 miles from San Francisco and 900 miles from Manila. It is about 32 miles long and 100 miles in circumference, and has a population of about 8,661, of whom 5,249 are in Agana, the capital. The inhabitants are mostly immigrants or descendants of immigrants from the Philippines, the original race of the Ladrone Islands being extinct. The prevailing language is Spanish. Nine-tenths of the islanders can read and write. The island is thickly wooded, well watered, and fertile, and posse ses an excellent harbor. The productions are tropical fruits, cacao, rice, corn, tobacco, and sugar cane.

Commander Taussig, of the United States gunboat Bennington, took possession of the island and raised the United States flag over Fort Santa Cruz on February 1, 1899.

TUTUILA.

Tutuila, the Samoan island which, with its attendant islets of Tau, Olesinga, and Ofu, became a possession of the United States by virtue of the tri-partite treaty with Great Britain and Germany in 1899, covers, according to the Bureau of Statistics of the Treasury Department, fifty-four square miles, and has 5,800 inhabitants. It possesses the most valuable island harbor. Pago-Pago, in the South Pacific, and perhaps in the entire Pacific Ocean. Commercially the island is unimportant at present, but is extremely valuable in its relations to the commerce of any nation desiring to cultivate transpacific commerce.

Ex-Chief Justice Chambers, of Samoa, says of Pago-Pago that "The harbor could hold the entire naval force of the United States, and is so perfectly arranged that only two vessels can enter at the same time. The coaling station, being surrounded by high bluffs, cannot be reached by shells from outside.'' The Government is increasing the capacity to 10,000 tons.

The Samoan Islands, in the South Pacific, are fourteen in number, and lie in a direct line drawn from San Francisco to Auckland, New Zealand. They are 4,000 miles from San Francisco, 2,200 miles from Hawaii, 1,900 miles from Auckland, 2,000 miles from Sydney, and 4,200 miles from Manila. Germany governs all the group except the part owned by the United States. The inhabitants are native Polynesians and Christians of different denominations.

WAKE AND OTHER ISLANDS.

The United States flag was hoisted over Wake Island in January, 1899, by Commander Taussig, of the Bennington, while proceeding to Guam. It is a small island in the direct route from Hawaii to Hong Kong, about 2,000 miles from the first and 3,000 miles from the second.

The United States possesses a number of scattered small islands in the Pacific Ocean, some hardly

INSULAR POSSESSIONS OF THE UNITED STATES-Continued.

more than rocks or coral reefs, over which the flag has been hoisted from time to time. They are of little present value and mostly uninhabited. The largest are Christmas, Gallego, Starbuck, P hyn, Phoenix, Palmyra, Howland, Baker, Johnston, Gardner, Midway, Morell, and Marcus Islands. The Santa Barbara group is a part of California and the Aleutian chain, extending from the peninsula of Kamchatka in Asiatic Russia to the promontory in North America which separates Behring Sea from the North Pacific, a part of Alaska.

HAWAII.

Hawaii was annexed to the United States by joint resolution of Congress July 6, 1898. A bill to create Hawaii a Territory of the United States was passed by Congress and approved April 30, 1900, The area of the several islands of the Hawaiian group is as follows: Hawaii, 4,210 square miles; Maui, 760; Oahu, 600; Kauai, 590; Molokai, 270; Lanai, 150; Niihau, 97; Kahoolawe, 63. Total, 6,740 square miles.

At the time of the discovery of the islands by Captain Cook in 1778 the native population was about 200,000. This has steadily decreased, so that at the last census the natives numbered but 31,019, which was less than that of the Japanese and Chinese immigrants settled in the islands. A census taken early in 1897 revealed a total population of 109,020, distributed according to race as follows:

The remainder were Germans, French, Norwegians, South Sea Islanders, and representatives of other nationalities. The American population was 2. 73 per cent of the whole. The American popu

lation has increased since annexation.

The first United States census of the islands was taken in 1900 with the following result: Hawaii Island, 46,843; Kauai Island, 20,562; Niihau Island, 172; Maui Island, 25,416; Molokai Island and Lanai Island, 2,504; Oahu Island, 58,504. Total of the Territory, 154,001. The population of the city of Honolulu is 39,306.

Nearly all the natives are Christians. In 1896 there were 23,773 Protestants, 26,362 Roman Catholics, 4, 886 Mormons, 44,306 Buddhists, etc., and 10, 192 not described.

There are 71 miles of railroad and about 250 miles of telegraph in the islands. Honolulu, the capital, with a population of 28,061, is lighted by electricity, and has most of the local features of an enterprising American city. The bulk of the business is done by Americans and Europeans.

Of sugar, of which it is said the Hawaiian Islands are much more productive in a given area than those of the West Indies, the exportation was 545, 370,537 pounds in 1899. Of coffee, the exportation was 337,158 pounds in 1897; of rice, the exportation was 5, 499, 499 pounds in 1897. In the matter of imports, nearly all of the necessities of life, aside from sugar, fruits, and vegetables, are imported. the products of the United States being given the preference in nearly all cases. The exports from Hawaii to the United States in the eight months ending with August, 1901, were valued at $22,346,712, of which the item of sugar figured at $21,834,023. The imports into Hawaii for the same period were valued at $22,346,712.

The new Territorial Government was inaugurated at Honolulu June 14, 1900, and the first Territorial Legislature began its sessions at Honolulu, February 20, 1901. The Legislature is composed of two houses-the Senate of fifteen members, holding office four years, and the House of Representatives of thirty members, holding office two years. The Legislature meets biennially, and sessions are limited to sixty days.

The Executive power is lodged in a Governor, a Secretary, both appointed by the President, and hold office four years, and the following officials appointed by the Governor, by and with the consent of the Senate of Hawaii: An Attorney-General, Treasurer, Commissioner of Public Lands, Commissioner of Agriculture and Forestry, Superintendent of Public Works, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Auditor and Deputy, Surveyor, High Sheriff, and members of the Boards of Health, Public Instruction, Prison Inspectors, etc. They hold office for four years, and must be citizens of Hawaii,

The Judiciary of the Territory is composed of the Supreme Court, with three Judges, the Circuit Court, and such inferior courts as the Legislature may establish. The Judges are appointed by the President. The Territory is a Federal Judicial District, with a District Judge, District Attorney, and Marshal, all appointed by the President. The District Judge has all the powers of a Circuit Judge. The Territory is represented in Congress by a Delegate, who is elected biennially by the people. Provision is made in the act creating the Territory for the residence of Chinese in the Territory, and prohibition as laborers to enter the United States as follows:

SEC. 101. That Chinese in the Hawaiian Islands when this act takes effect may within one year thereafter obtain certifi cates of residence as required by "An act to prohibit the coming of Chinese persons into the United States," approved May 5, 1892, as amended by an act approved November 3, 1893, entitled "An act to amend an act entitled 'An act to prohibit the coming of Chinese persons into the United States,' approved May 5, 1692," and until the expiration of said year shall not be deemed to be unlawfully in the United States if found therein without such certificates: Provided, however, That no Chinese laborer, whether he shall hold such certificate or not, shall be allowed to enter any State, Territory, or district of the United States from the Hawaiian Islands.

Danish West Endía Eslands.

The United States is understood to be negotiating for the purchase of the three islands belonging to Denmark, lying to the east of Porto Rico, in latitude 180 North and longitude 640 West. The reported price offered is $4,000,000. These islands were ceded to the United States by Denmark in 1867 for $7,500,000, but the United States Senate refused to ratify the treaty. The islands are: St. Thomas; area, 27 square miles; population in 1890, 12,019; capital, Charlotte Amalia. It is 38 miles east of Porto Rico. St. Croix, or Santa Cruz, area, 94 square miles; population, 19,783; capital, Christianstadt; St. John, area, 16 square miles; population, 984; capital, Christiansburg. The principal products of the islands are sugar and rum.

The Philippine Eslands.

THE Philippine group, lying off the southern coast of Asia, between longitude 120 and 130 and latitude 5 and 20 approximately, number about 2,000 islands, great and small, in a land and sea area of 1,200 miles of latitude and 2,400 miles of longitude. The actual land area is about 140,000 miles. The six New England States, New York, and New Jersey have about an equivalent area. The island of Luzon, on which the capital city (Manila) is situated, is the largest member of the group, being about the size of the State of New York. Mindanao is nearly as Targe, but its population is very much smaller. The latest estimates of areas of the largest islands are as follows. Luzon, 44, 400; Mindanao, 34,000, Samar, 4, 800; Panay, 4,700; Mindoro, 4,000; Leyte, 3,800; Negros, 3,300; Cebu, 2,400.

The estimates of population vary from 7,500,000 to 10,000,000 A conservative estimate is 8,000,000. The late Spanish masters had never caused a census to be taken, and, indeed, some parts of the islands are yet unexplored and inhabited by tribes nearly savage. Racially the inhabitants are principally Malays. The country had been in the possession of Spain since 1565 and the religion introduced by the proprietors has long been that of the natives. The church has been a strong ruling power and the priesthood numerous. There are thirty different races, all speaking a different dialect.

CLIMATE.

The climate is one of the best known in the tropics. The islands extend from 50 to 210 north latitude, and Manila is in 140 35. The thermometer during July and August rarely goes below 790 or above 85°. The extreme ranges in a year are said to be 610 and 970, and .he annual mean 810. There are three well-marked seasons, temperate and dry from Novembe. to February, hot and dry from March to May, and temperate and wet from June to October. The rainy season reaches its maximum in July and August, when the rains are constant and very heavy. The total rainfall has been as high as 114 inches in one year.

Yellow fever appears to be unknown. The diseases most fatal among the natives are cholera and small-pox, both of which are brought from China. Low malarial fever is brought on by sleeping on the ground or being chilled by remaining without exercise in wet clothes; and diarrhoea is produced by drinking bad water or eating excessive quantities of fruit. Almost all of these diseases are preventable by proper precautions even by troops in campaign. The sickness in our troops was very small, much less than in the cold fogs at camp in San Francisco.

MINERAL WEALTH,

Very little is known concerning the mineral wealth of the islands. It is stated that there are deposits of coal, petroleum, iron, lead, sulphur, copper, and gold in the various islands, but little or nothing has been done to develop them. A few concessions have been grantea for working mines, but the output is not large. The gold is reported on Luzon, coal and petroleum on Cebu and Iloilo, and sulphur on Leyte.

AGRICULTURE.

Although agriculture is the chief occupation of the Filipinos, yet only one-ninth of the surface is under cultivation. The soil is very fertile, and even after deducting the mountainous areas it is probable that the area of cultivation can be very largely extended and that the islands can support population equal to that of Japan (42, 000, 000).

The chief products are rice, corn, hemp, sugar, tobacco, cocoanuts, and cacao. Coffee and cotton were formerly produced in large quantities-the former for export and the latter for home consumption; but the coffee plant has been almost exterminated by insects and the home-made cotton cloths have been driven out by the competition of those imported from England. The rice and corn are principally produced in Luzon and Mindoro and are consumed in the islands. The rice crop is about 765,000 tons. It is insufficient for the demand, and 45,000 tons of rice were imported in 1894, the greater portion from Saigon and the rest from Hong Kong and Singapore; also 8,669 tons (say 60.000 barrels) of flour, of which more than two-thirds came from China and less than one-third from the United States. The cacao is raised in the southern islands, the bes' quality of it at Mindanao. The sugar cane is raised in the Visayas. The crop yielded in 1894 about 235,000 tons of raw sugar, of which one-tenth was consumed in the islands, and the balance, or 210,000 tons, valued at $11,000,000, was exported, the greater part to China, Great Britain, and Australia. The hemp is produced in Southern Luzon, Mindoro, the Visayas, and Mindanao. It is nearly all exported in bales. In 1894 the amount was 96,000 tons, valued at $12,000,000. Tobacco is raised in all the islands, but the best quality and greatest amount in Luzon. A large amount is consumed in the islands, smoking being universal among women as well as the men, but the best quality is exported. The amount in 1894 was 7,000 tons of leaf tobacco, valued at $1,750,000. Cocoanuts are grown in Southern Luzon and are used in various ways.

IMPORTS AND EXPORTS.

The Bureau of Foreign Commerce of the State Department gives the following figures, partly for 1896 and partly for 1897:

In the fiscal year ending June 30, 1901, the exports from the United States to the Philippines had increased to $4,027,064, and the imports from the Philippines to $4,420,912. (See page 174.) The total imports in the island in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900, were $12,670,436, and exports $8,305,530. The value of merchandise imported during the seven months ending January 31, 1901, was $17,999,167, and the value of the merchandise exported during the same period $12,637,359.

CIVIL GOVERNMENT FOR THE PHILIPPINES.

In March, 1900, the President appointed a Civil Commission composed of William H. Taft, of Ohio, President; Prof. Dean C. Worcester, of Michigan; Luke E. Wright, of Tennessee; Henry C. Ide, of

THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS-Continued.

Vermont, and Prof. Bernard Moses, of California, to "continue and perfect the work of organizing and establishing civil government already commenced by the military authorities, subject in all respects to any laws which Congress may hereafter enact." The Commissioners proceeded to the Philippines and reached Manila in April following.

EVENTS IN THE PHILIPPINES IN 1901.

During 1901 the work of pacification under the military authorities and the Civil Commission continued, with a desultory guerilla warfare in the less accessible parts. Steady progress was made in the creation of provincial and municipal civil governments. Thousands of natives took the oath of allegiance to the United States, the administering of the oath usually following the surrender of parties of the insurgents. The most important events of the year were the capture of Aguinaldo in March, the establishment of a civil form of government on the Fourth of July, and the retirement of Major-General MacArthur and the accession of Major-General Chaffee as Commander of the Military Division of the Philippines. The following is a chronological record of events:

January 27. The Federal Party among the Filipinos organized late in 1900, and favorable to American rule, addressed a petition to Congress to authorize the President to establish civil government in the Philippines.

March 2. The Army Reorganization act, passed by Congress, contained the following amendment: All military, civil, and judicial powers necessary to govern the Philippine Islands, acquired from Spain by the treaties concluded at Paris on the 10th day of December, 1898, and at Washington on the 7th day of November, 1900, shall, until otherwise provided by Congress, be vested in such person and persons and shalt be exercised in such manner as the President of the United States shill direct, for the establishment of civil government and for maintaining and protecting the inhabitants of said islands in the free enjoyment of their liberty, property, and religion.

Provided, that all franchises granted under the authority hereof shall contain a reservation of the right to alter, amend, or repeal the same.

Unt la permanent government shall have been established in said archipelago, full reports shall be made to Congress on or before the first day of each regular session of all legislative acts and procee lings of the temporary government instituted under the provisions hereof, and full reports of the acts, doings of said government, and as to the condition of the archipelago and of its people,tshall be made to the President, including all information which may be useful to the Congress in providing a more permanent government.

Provided, that no sale or lease or other disposition of the public lands or the timber thereon, or the mining rights therein, shall be inade; and provided further, that no fanchise shall be granted which is not approve i by the President of the United States, and is not in his judgment clearly necessary for the immediate government of the islands and indispensable for the interest of the people thereof, and which cannot without great public mischief be postponed until the establishment of permanent civil government, and all such franchises shall terminate one year after the establishment of such permanent civil government.

March 23. Aguinaldo was captured by Brig.-Gen. Frederick Funston in the Province of Isabella, Island of Luzon

March 31. Frauds in the Commissary Department at Manila were exposed, and Quartermaster Barrows and a number of subordinate officers and civilians were arrested. April 2. Aguinaldo took the oath of allegiance to the United States and issued a statement to the Filipino people. After giving his reasons for this course, he said:

The country has declared unmistakably in favor of peace. So be it. There has been enough blood, enough tears, and enough desolation. This wish cannot be ignored by the men still in arms if they are animated by a desire to serve our noble people, who have thus clearly manifested their will. So do I respect this will, now that it is known to me. After mature deliberation I resolutely proclaim to the world that I cannot refuse to heed the voice of a people longing for peace, nor the lamentations of thousands of families yearning to see their dear ones enjoying the liberty and the promised generosity of the great American nation. By acknowledging and accepting the sovereignty of the United States throughout the Philippine Archipelago, as I now do and without any reservation whatsoever, I believe that I am serving thee, my beloved country. "May happiness be thine.

May 3. Municipal civil government was established at Manila.

June 10. Capt. Anton Springer, Lieut. Walter H. Lee, and Capt. William H. Wilhelm, U. S. A., were killed by insurgents near Lipa, Luzon.

June 21. President McKinley promulgated an order establishing civil government in the Philippines, and appointed William H. Taft Governor.

June 25. General Cailles, insurgent leader, surrendered,

July 4. Civil government for the Philippines was inaugurated with imposing ceremonies at Manila. The oath of office to Governor Taft was administered by Chief Justice Arellano on a great temporary tribune opposite the Plaza Palacio. The Governor then delivered his inaugural address. He announced that three native members would be appointed to the Philippine Commission, Dr. Wardo Detavera, Benite Legarda, and José Luzuriaga.

July 4. The military authority over the Philippines was transferred to Major-General Chaffee by Major-General MacArthur, and the latter embarked for the United States.

Major-General MacArthur in his annual report to the War Department, dated July 4, 1901, gave statisti s of casualties incurred by the United States forces from May 5, 1900, to June 30, 1901, during which time there were 1,026 meetings between American troops and insurgents: Americans killed, 245; wounded, 490; captured, 118; missing, 20. Insurgents killed, 2,854; wounded, 1, 193; captured, 6,572; surrendered, 23,095. After speaking of the progress of pacification in the islands, the General said:

In due time and beyond any question if beneficent republican institutions are permitted to operate with full force, the Filipino people will become warmly attached to the United States by a sense of self-interest and gratitude. In the mean time the mouldin force in the islands must be a well-organized army and navy. Anything in the immediate future calculated to impede the activity or reduce the eficiency of these instruments will not only be a menace to the present, but put in jeopardy the entire future of American possibilities in the archipelago.

August 2. Adjutant-General Corbin, on a military visit to the Islands, was received by the Sultan of Jolo.

September 28. Insurgents at Balangiga, on the Island of Samar, surprised and massacred Captain Connell and the other officers and 45 men of Company C, Ninth Regiment, United States Infantry.

October 16. Ten men of Company E, Ninth Regiment, of United States Infantry, were killed and six men wounded in an engagement with 400 bolomen on the Island of Samar.