The following tables of the metric system of weights and measures have been simplified as much as possible for THE WORLD ALMANAC by omitting such denominations as are not in practical, everyday use in the countries where the system is used exclusively. TABLES OF THE SYSTEM. Length.-The denominations in practical use are millimetres (mm.), centimetres (cm.), metres (m.), and kilometres (km.). 10 mm. 1 cm. ; 100 cm. - 1 m.; 1,000 m. 1 km. NOTE.-A decimetre is 10 cm. Weight. The denominations in use are grams (g.), kilos* (kg.), and tons (metric tons). 1,000 g.1 kg.; 1,000 kg. 1 metric ton. Capacity. The denominations in use are cubic centimetres (c. c.) and litres (1.). 1,000 c. c.11. NOTE.-A hectolitre is 1001. (seldom used). Relation of capacity and weight to length: A cubic decimetre is a litre, and a litre of water weighs a kilo. APPROXIMATE EQUIVALENTS. A metre is about a yard; a kilo is about 2 pounds; a litre is about a quart; a centimetre is about inch; a metric ton is about same as a ton; a kilometre is about mile; a cubic centimetre is about a thimbleful; a nickel weighs about 5 grams. Contraction for kilogram. Centimetres. Minimum Weights of Produce. THE following are minimum weights of certain articles of produce according to the laws of the United States: Coarse salt Fine salt in Penn SALT.-Weight per bushel as adopted by different States ranges from 50 to 80 pounds. in Pennsylvania is reckoned at 80 pounds, and in Illinois at 50 pounds per bushel. sylvania is reckoned at 62 pounds, in Kentucky and Illinois at 55 pounds per bushel. Corn Meal.. 48 66 60 24 .56 Malt......... 34 66 .50 20 Measures and Weights of Great Britain. THE measures of length and the weights are nearly, practically, the same as those in use in the United States. The English ton is 2,240 lbs, avoirdupois, the same as the long ton, or shipping ton of the United States. The English hundredweight is 112 lbs. avoirdupois, the same as the long hundredweight of the United States. The metre has been legalized at 39. 37079 inches, but the length of 39. 370432 inches, as adopted by France, Germany, Belgium, and Russia, is frequently used. The Imperial gallon, the basis of the system of capacity, involves an error of about 1 part in 1,836: 10 lbs. of water 277. 123 cubic inches. A cubic foot of pure gold weighs 1,210 pounds; pure silver, 655 pounds; cast iron, 450 pounds; copper, 550 pounds; lead, 710 pounds; pure platinum, 1,220 pounds; tin, 456 pounds; aluminum, 163 pounds. Domestic Weights and Measures. = Apothecaries' Weight: 20 grains-1 scruple; 3 scruples 1 dram; 8 drams-1 ounce; 12 ounces 1 pound. Avoirdupois Weight (short ton): 27 11-32 grains = 1 dram; 16 drams-1 ounce; 16 ounces - 1 pound; 5 pounds=1 quarter; 4 quarters = 1 cwt.; 20 cwt. - 1 ton. Avoirdupois Weight (long ton): 27 11-32 grains = 1 dram; 16 drams = 1 ounce; 16 ounces-1 pound; 112 pounds cwt.; 20 cwt. 1 ton. Troy Weight: 24 grains 1 pennyweight, 20 pennyweights-1 ounce; 12 ounces-1 pound. Circular Measure: 60 seconds 1 minute; 60 minutes = 1 degree; 30 degrees-1 sign; 12 signs 1 circle or circumference Cubic Measure: 1,728 cubic inches-1 cubic foot; 27 cubic feet 1 cubic yard. Day Measure: 2 pints 1 quart; 8 quarts=1 peck; 4 pecks = 1 bushel. Liquid Measure: 4 gills- I pint; 2 pints=1 quart; 4 quarts-1 gallon; 31 gallons = 1 barrel; 2 barrels 1 hogshead. Long Measure: 12 inches1 foot; 3 feet-1 yard; 5% yards-1 rod or pole; 40 rods = 1 furlong; 8 furlongs = 1 statute mile; 3 miles -1 league. Mariner's Measure: 6 feet-1 fathom; fathoms 1 cable length; 7% cable lengths- 1, mile; 5,280 feet 1 statute mile; 6,085 feet i nautical mile. Square Measure: 144 square inches1 square foot; 9 square feet-1 square yard; 304 square yards 1 square rod or perch; 40 square rods=1 rood; 4′ roods=1 acre; 640 acres - 1 square mile; 36 square miles (6 miles square) = 1 township. Time Measure: 60 seconds 1 minute; 60 minutes = 1 hour; 24 hours=1 day; 7 days=1 week; 365 days=1 year, 366 days= 1 leap year. 1 vara- 33 inches. = 1 mile. 903, 200 451.600 To find the number of acres in any number of square varas, multiply the latter by 177 (or to be more exact, by 177%), and cut off six decimals. 1,900.8 varas FOREIGN MONEYS. English Money: 4 farthings-1 penny (d); 12 pence- 1 shilling (s); 20 shillings-1 pound (£). Austro-Hungarian Money: 100 kreutzer 1 florin. For United States equivalents, see table of Value of Foreign Coins in U. S. Money." NOTE.-France, Belgium, Greece, Italy, and Switzerland constitute what is known as the "Latin"' Union, and their coins are alike in weight and fineness, occasionally differing, however, in name. The same system has been in part adopted by Spain, Servia, Bulgaria, Russia, and Roumania, but they have not joined the Union. Francs and centimes of France, Belgium, and Switzerland are respectively designated lire and centissimi in Italy, drachmai and lepta in Greece; dinars and paras in Servia; pesetas and centimos in Spain; leys and banis in Roumania; leya and stotinkis in Bulgaria. Similarly the Scandinavian countries, Norway and Sweden and Denmark, employ coins of the same weight and fineness, their names being also alike. Most of the South American States possess a standard coin, equal in weight and fineness to the silver 5-franc piece generally termed a peso. "'-Whitaker. * Under seal, 10 years. + If made in State; if outside, 2 years. No law and no decision regarding judgments. § Unless a different rate is expressly stipulated. Under seal, 20 years. TStore accounts, other accounts 3 years. tt New York has by a recent law legalized any rate of interest on call loans of $5,000 or upward, on collateral security. ‡‡ Becomes dormant, but may be revived. §§ Six years from last item. (a) Accounts between merchants 2 years. (b) In courts not of record, 5 years. (d) Twenty years in Courts of Record; in Justice's Court 10 years. (e) Negotiable notes 6 years, non-negotiable 17 years. (f) Ceases to be a lien after that period. (h) On foreign judgments 1 year. (i) Is a lien on real estate for only 10 years. (j) Any rate, but only 6 per cent can be collected at law. (k) And indefinitely by having execution issue every 5 years. () Ten years foreign, 20 years domestic. Simple Enterest Table. (Showing at Different Rates the Interest on $1 from 1 Month to 1 year, and on $100 from 1 Day to 1 Year.) 4 PER CENT. 5 PER CENT. 6 PER CENT. 7 PER CENT. 8 PER CENT. 12 Any rate. 10(2) 10 101+ Any rate. 8 6 8 6 20 12 6 6 10 Compound Interest Table. COMPOUND INTEREST ON ONE DOLLAR FOR 100 YEARS. $1 100 4% 26 100 tion. $1 Per AMOUNT Years. cent. 100 10 Accumulation. 100 11 1 100 3 $13,780.66 34,064. 34,6 83,521.82,7 1,174,302. 40 15,424, 106.40 2,198,720, 200 YEARS IN WHICH A GIVEN AMOUNT WILL DOUBLE AT SEVERAL RATES OF INTEREST. Height and Weight of Men. TABLE OF AVERAGE HEIGHT AND WEIGHT OF MALES, BASED ON ANALYSIS OF 74,162 ACCEPTED HEIGHT. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. 5 feet 120 125 128 131 133 Age. Age. Age. Age. Age. Ag.. Age Age Age. Age 60-64 65-69 134 134 134 A Height and Weight Table compiled by a Committee of the Medical Section of the National Fraternal Congress, 1900, which is the analysis of 133,940 applications of selected risks, in a few instances differed very slightly from the above. HEIGHT AND WEIGHT OF WOMEN. The following table gives the relative height and weight of women, all ages. The weight of ordinary clothing, however, is included: Travelling Time Around the World. THE imaginary Mr. Fogg, of Jules Verne's story, mad the circuit of the world in 80 days. But George Francis Train made a record in 1890 of 67 days, 13 hours, 3 minutes, and 3 seconds, stopping over one day in New York (time not included). Nellie Bly's" time for THE WORLD was 72 days. 6 hours, 11 minutes, and 14 seconds. The great Siberian Railroad, however, when completed, will vastly reduce the time necessary to circumnavigate the globe. The Russian Minister of Railroads has made the following public prediction of the time that will be required for world transit by the way of Siberia, provided maximum speed is attained throughout and connections are immediate: Preamble. Legislative powers. House of Representatives. Constitution of the United States. WE, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this CONSTITUTION for the United States of America. ARTICLE I. SECTION I. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. SECTION II. 1. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several States, and the electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. Qualifications of 2. No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been Representa seven years a citizen of the. United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. tives. tatives. Apportionment 3. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included with of Represen- in this Union according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose 3; Massachusetts, 8, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, 1: Connecticut, 5; New York, 6; New Jersey, 4 Pennsylvania, 8; Delaware, 1; Maryland, 6; Virginia, 10, North Carolina, 5; South Carolina, 5, and Georgia, 3.* 4. When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. Vacancies, how Senate. Classification of Qualifications of Senate a court 5. The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. SECTION III. 1. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. 2. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointment until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. 3. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. 4. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided. 5. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the absence of the VicePresident, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United States. 6. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be for trial of im- on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside; and no peachments. person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. Judgment in 7. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification case of convic- to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but the party convicted shall never theless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment, according to law. tion. ElectionsofSenators and Representatives. Meeting of Con- Organization of SECTION IV. 1. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to places of choosing Senators. 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. SECTION V. 1. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members in such manner and under such penalties as each House may provide. 2. Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and with the concurrence of two-thirds expel a member. 3. Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the meinbers of either House on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. 4. Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. SECTION VI. 1. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascer tained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same, and for any speech or debate in either House they shall not be questioned in any other place. 2. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time; and no person holding any office under the United States shall be a member of either House during his continuance in office. SECTION VII. 1. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives, but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments, as on other bills. 2. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate shall, before it become a law, be presented to the President of the United States, if he approve, he shall sign it, but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered; and if approved by two-thirds of that House it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each House respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their adjournment prevent its return; in which case it shall not be a law. * See Article XIV., Amendments. |