lishments where no company unions existed covered 12.2 percent of all the workers. In contrast, 34 percent of the workers in the durable-goods industries were in establishments with a company union only and another 9.4 percent in establishments with both types of dealing. In nondurable goods, trade-union dealing specifically covered 26.1 percent of the workers, while company-union dealing was carried on in establishments with 23.7 percent of the workers. Of these, one-third were in establishments which dealt with trade-unions as well as company unions.

In the durable-goods industries only the stone, clay, and glass products group showed a larger figure for specific trade-union coverage than for company-union coverage. This condition holds even if there be added to the company-union coverage employees in those establishments also dealing with trade-unions. In the nondurable-goods group, on the other hand, trade-union coverage was more extensive than the coverage of company unions (both with and without tradeunion dealings) for every group except chemicals and rubber products. Separation of the textile group into fabrics and wearing-apparel subgroups reveals the lack of uniformity in industrial-relations practices in the textile group. The main difference between the two subgroups lies in the preponderance of individual dealing in the fabrics. group and preponderance of trade-union dealing alone in the wearing-apparel industry. In neither subgroup were 10 percent of the employees in establishments with any form of company-union dealing.

With 54.6 percent of all workers covered by trade-union dealing, the wearing-apparel group showed the highest figure for tradeunion coverage among the manufacturing industries. Among these industries, the lowest figures for trade-union coverage were found in machinery, rubber products, and lumber and allied products.

The largest proportion of workers in establishments with company unions alone was (disregarding the miscellaneous manufacturing group) in chemicals, with 54.9 percent. In addition to this were 5.7 percent in establishments with company unions and trade-unions. Next in rank came iron and steel, with nearly 50 percent of the workers in establishments dealing only through company unions and with 8 percent more in establishments with company unions but also with some trade-union dealings. Then followed transportation equipment and machinery. In rubber products, nearly two-thirds of the workers were in establishments with both a company union and a trade-union and about 13 percent were in establishments with company unions alone. Nearly one-fourth of all the workers in establishments with dual bargaining agencies were in the rubber-products group. Other industries in which such situations involved 10 percent or more of the workers were transportation equipment, food, and machinery.

See footnote 3 (p. 36).

154875°-38- 4

Service..

11

23, 876

45.0

4.6

2.2

2.4

2.2

48.2

1

101, 563

78.2

13.9

.7

13.2

6.5

1.4

7,692

92. 2

7.8

Wholesale trade 11,

1,322

1, 267

Food products...

367

333

All except food products 12.

955

13.934

13 16

8 Replies giving definite information regarding union coverage did not provide an entirely adequate basis for estimating the percentage of workers covered by union dealing. The
coverage indicated by the replies received follows:

(a) 12 replies, covering 69.2 percent of the workers in trade-union-dealing establishments, indicate that 6.3 percent are covered by trade-unions and less than Иo of 1 percent are
not covered.
(b) 12 replies, covering 65.2 percent of the workers in trade-union-dealing establishments, indicate that 32.1 percent are covered by trade-unions and 2.4 percent are not covered.
(c) 7 replies, covering 60.6 percent of the workers in trade-union-dealing establishments, indicate that 24.0 percent are covered by trade-unions and 1.4 percent are not covered.
(d) 4 replies, covering 28.7 percent of the workers in trade-union-dealing establishments, indicate that 9.3 percent are covered by trade-unions and 3.5 percent are not covered.
2 other replies, accounting for an additional 47.5 percent of the workers in trade-union-dealing establishments, stated that "a majority" of their workers were covered by trade-unions.
(e) 3 replies, covering 78.9 percent of the workers in trade-union-dealing establishments, indicate that 7.0 percent are covered by trade-unions and 1.3 percent not covered.
9A late reply from a large packing-company chain, which does not give the situation in the separate establishments, indicates that the figures for company-union dealing and
for combined company-union and trade-union dealing in slaughtering and meat packing should be higher than is here indicated. The effect upon the percentage figures for slaughtering
and meat packing would apparently be to increase the combined percentage figure for dealing through a company union and through both a company union and a trade-union to 64.1
percent, to reduce the figure for trade-union dealing to 14.0 percent, and to reduce the figure for individual dealing to 27.9 percent. The corresponding corrected percentages for the
food group would be 27.9 percent, 30.7 percent, and 41.4 percent. The effect upon the totals for the nondurable goods industries would be negligible.
9a Excluding telephone and telegraph and railroads. See ch. IV.

10 Covers only retail grocery, meat, and produce stores; the general merchandise group; and women's ready-to-wear stores.

11 Covers only automotive, chemicals and drugs, dry goods and apparel, electrical equipment, farm products, farm supplies, and food products. 12 See footnote 11 above.

13 2 establishments with 57 workers engaged in both selling and installing electrical equipment raised the same problem as indicated in note 3 above and were accordingly classed with individual-dealing establishments.