for your welfare. May heaven bless our united endeavors to form one people, filled with paternal and brotherly virtues, and whose love and harmony may make up for mutual weaknesses and faults. We reciprocate your German goodness of heart with like feelings, and hope that by means of those who shall follow our example, this divine union will be destroyed by no dissension.

The invitation to Eisenach, for October 18th, has exceedingly pleased us. This appropriate and lofty festival, the birthday of faith and of freedom, will be the day of the foundation of love for us. It is unfortunate that so many of our much-beloved brethren have departed in various directions; some home, and some to other universities. This will deprive us of many ornaments, and you of the pleasure of knowing them. But, of those who remain, a part will come without fail; who are delighted, in advance, with this glorious festival, and with the personal brotherhood of those of congenial minds.

In case any songs should be composed by us, we will forward them to you.

FRIENDLY GREETING:

LEIPZIG, August 30, 1817.

Dear Brothers:-You here receive the required answer to your friendly letter of the 11th of this month, in which you advise us of your intention to celebrate, in a festive manner, the jubilee of the Reformation, in connection with the festival of the battle of Leipzig, on the 18th of October, at the Wartburg, near Eisenach, and invite us, in a friendly manner, to this celebration. The worthy celebration of a time in many respects so memorable and inspiring to every German, and the proposed festive assembly therefor, of so many German Burschen, has our entire approbation, and we thankfully accept your invitation. Only, we are grieved that we can not answer it as numerously as we should have wished, because the 18th of October comes in our vacation, when nearly all of our students have left Leipzig, most of them having gone home, perhaps to the furthest province of Saxony. We have, therefore, in a general assembly of 22d August, determined, "to send a deputation of from four to six Burschen to Eisenach on the 18th of October of this year, in the name of the Leipzig Burschen, to take part in the gathering of the Burschen of all the German Universities, who are to assemble there to celebrate the jubilee of the Reformation and the anniversary of the battle of Leipzig."

Our deputies, and the other Leipzig students who are to take part in the celebration will, agreeably to your wish, be in Eisenach on the 17th of October. We will also provide that a song appropriate to the day shall be composed and sent in good

season.

Hoping that we have thus satisfied your wishes, we bid you farewell.

MARBURG, September 2, 1817.

TO ALL OUR BROTHERS AND FRIENDs at Jena, a frieNDLY GREETING:Even before we received your invitation, several of our Burschen had determined to celebrate the 18th of October, the day of so inany new institutions, at the memorable Wartburg. For this reason we have, with the more pleasure, accepted your invitation, and have determined, in any case, to send some deputies (whom, however, the favorable opinion of such a Burschen festival will cause to be attended by several companions), to this gathering of the German Burschen. We hope that the spirit of German patriotism and freedom will prevail, and, treading down all party spirit, will insure us a prosperous issue.

We wish you all good fortune.

SCHMOLLIS, GENTLEMEN :—

ROSTOCK, September 2, 1817.

We have received your friendly letter of August 11th, and hasten to send you

Our answer.

VI. "DR. BAHRDT WITH THE IRON FOREHEAD; OR, THE GERMAN UNION AGAINST

ZIMMERMANN."

(From the Universal German Library, vol. 112, part 1, p. 213, &c.)

"Of the work itself we shall say nothing. All Germany is agreed that it was a shameful blemish upon German literature, and surpassed every thing that could be imagined for contemptibleness and malignant defamation. The most completely shameful and entirely unpardonable invention of all, was placing the name of Herr Von Knigge upon the title-page of this lampoon as its author. Any one capable of permitting himself this base contrivance must have destroyed all his own appreciation of honesty. Not only to print the most outrageous calumnies, the most vulgar insults, but to publish the name of an innocent man as author! This was going very far!" "The work "Bahrdt with the Iron Forehead," excited, everywhere, the greatest displeasure. So much susceptibility to honor and honesty was left in Germany, that such a vulgar attack upon respectable people, must, of necessity, be everywhere abhorred. This composition was, moreover, of such an atrocious nature that curiosity was excited as to where it could have originated. Still, the author would, perhaps, not have become known, and this vile production would have sunk still sooner into the profound oblivion where all such contemptible and vulgar writings soon sink, had not a remarkable judicial investigation (by the Hanoverian Chancery of Justice), been set on foot to discover the author.*

"This commission, little by little, found out that the lampoon was printed at Graiz, in Voigtland. This, of course, led to tracing the person from whom the publisher received the manuscript. At this point Von Kotzebue, to conceal himself, had recourse to a means of protection which no man could have permitted himself to use, unless he had already issued so shameful a lampoon upon so many reputable persons. That is, he undertook to help himself out with a threefold false testimony. Counselor Schultz, of Mietau, having been in Weimar at the same time with Von Kotzebue, at the request of the latter, engaged the engraving of the vignette, which was, in itself, good enough, with the copperplate engraver Lips, and caused his seeretary to transcribe the MS. He gives his word that he received it, and returned it, together with the copy, unread; a statement which the circumstances render probable. A traveler accidentally saw a copy of the engraving in the possession of Herr Lips, and this gentleman, who was wholly innocent in the matter, and who knew nothing of the purpose of the vignette, mentioned, incidentally, by whom it had been put into his hands. This came to the knowledge of Kotzebue, who feared a judicial summons to Mietau, which he afterward did, in fact, receive. He therefore wrote in great trouble, to Herr Councilor Schultz, requesting him, if he should be called upon to testify, not to tell the truth, but to state that he had received his commission from Herr Gauger, a bookseller in Dorpat. He added the assurance that he would furnish him an ante-dated letter from this Herr Gauger, in which the affair should be put into his hands accordingly, and this letter he was to lay before the court as testimony. This, therefore, constituted a double false witness. But not content with this, he prevailed upon a man in Reval (by means best known to himself), by the name of Schlegel, to state that he was the author of "Bahrdt with the Iron Forehead," and to authenticate this falsehood to be the truth by declaring it before an imperial notary public. This false explanation is printed in No. 14 of the work, and has appended the act of the imperial notary before whom Schlegel declared this falsehood true."

This was caused by the Hanoverian Klockenbring, who had been vilely attacked in the work. This writer, "who had been a deserving servant to the Hanoverian government, and useful author, was so much affected by the attack as to fall into a dangerous mental condition. 'Woe to the author,' says the writer in the Universal German Library, who has upon his conscience such consequences from his writings." "

"But the affair did not take the turn which Von Kotzebue intended. In spite of the notarial instrument no one was deceived, for a moment, into thinking Schlegel the author of the pasquinade. It was, indeed, stated in the Jena Gazette of Literature (Schlegel had studied at Jena), that he was not capable of producing the work. Councilor Schultz had also already indignantly refused the request that he would bear false witness. To prove his intention, he sent the original letter, in which Von Kotzebue had asked him to be guilty of this crime, to a friend, and related, in a letter to him, the true course of the affair from the beginning. He requested this friend to permit any person to whom these letters could be interesting, to read them. "But Kotzebue found that all these base expedients would not avail him, and he finally decided, on the 24th of December, 1791, to declare, publicly, in the newspapers, that he was the author of the scandalous production."

VII. SUBSTANCE OF THE TUBINGEN "STATUTES FOR THE FORMATION OF A STUDENTS' COMMITTEE."*

"These statutes recognize order, quiet, and good morals, as properly required of the students, especially by means of voluntary co-operation on their own part, and in particular on the part of such of their number as have the confidence of all. The substantial part of them is as follows:

"The committee consists of fifteen members, chosen freely from the whole body of students. Its duties are, to communicate the wishes of the students to the academical authorities, and to consult with them as to the practicability and mode of accomplishing them. In case of any injury to any student, as such, they are to apply to the authorities for assistance. If the disciplinary authorities have occasion to give warnings to the students, it reports them to the committee, that it also may give a warning. In case of severer punishments, also, the fact is to be communicated to the committee, that they may state any grounds of mitigation. A later ordinance, of December 21, provides that, on occasions of investigations, where punishment is to be inflicted, the committee of students is to be advised, not of the first information received, but of the result of the investigation; that it may allege any matters in mitigation.

"The committee is also entitled to lay before the university authorities any proposals from the acceptance of which it may anticipate improved results from the university course. It is under the protection of the university authorities in the performance of its duties, and any injuries to a member of it are to be punished with double severity.

"Every member of the committee binds himself to set a good example of obedience of the laws, and to labor to promote the improvement of his associates in morals and honor. The committee is bound to assist in repairing breaches of the public peace; and in the absence of the authorities, to uphold, to the best of its ability, the means used to restore order. It is to use its power to compose enmities between students, and, as far as possible, to oppose every attempt of one student to insult another, or unlawfully to vindicate himself. Every member is also bound to warn his fellow-students against any association of a secret character, or avoiding publicity, and to use his influence to prevent any of them from joining with any such association. If any evident disturbers of peace among the students make their appearance, or persons whose actions render them unworthy the name of students, the committee is bound, after trying the virtue of admonitions, to inform the academical authorities of them."

Klupfel, p. 818.