No bill shall be passed giving any extra compensation to any public officer, servant, employe, agent or contractor, after services shall have been rendered or contract made, nor providing for the payment of any claim against the Commonwealth without previous authority of law.

No law shall extend the term of any public officer, or increase or diminish his salary or emoluments, after his election or appointment.

The general appropriation bill shall embrace nothing but appropriations for the ordinary expenses of the executive, legislative and judicial departments of the Commonwealth, interest on the public debt, and for public schools; all other appropriations shall be made by separate bills, each embracing but one subject.

No money shall be paid out of the treasury, except upon appropriations made by law, and on warrant drawn by the proper officer in pursuance thereof.

No appropriation shall be made to any charitable or educational institution not under the absolute control of the Commonwealth, other than normal schools established by law for the professional training of teachers for the public schools of the State, except by a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to each House.

No appropriations, except for pensions or gratuities for military services, shall be made for charitable, educational or benevolent purposes, to any person or cummunity, nor to any denominational or sectarian institution, corporation or association.

The General Assembly may make appropriations of money to institutions wherein the widows of soldiers are supported or assisted, or the orphans of soldiers are maintained and educated; but such appropriation shall be applied exclusively to the support of such widows and orphans.

The General Assembly shall not delegate to any special commission, private corporation or association, any power to make, supervise or interfere with any municipal improvement, money, property or effects, whether held in trust or otherwise, or to levy taxes or perform any municipal function whatever.

No act of the General Assembly shall limit the amount to be recovered for injuries resulting in death, or for injuries to persons or property; and, in case of death from such injuries, the right of action shall survive, and the General Assembly shall prescribe for whose benefit such actions shall be prosecuted. No act shall prescribe any limitations of time within which suits may be brought against corporations for injuries to persons or property, or for other causes, different from those fixed by general laws regulating actions against natural persons, and such acts now existing are avoided.

No act of the General Assembly shall authorize the investment of trust funds by executors, administrators, guardians or other trustees, in the bonds or stock of any private corporation, and such acts now existing are avoided, saving investments heretofore made.

The power to change the venue in civil and criminal cases shall be

vested in the courts, to be exercised in such manner as shall be provided by law.

No obligation or liability of any railroad or other corporation, held or owned by the Commonwealth, shall ever be exchanged, transferred, remitted, postponed, or in any way diminished, by the General Assembly, nor shall such liability or obligation be released, except by payment thereof into the State treasury.

When the General Assembly shall be convened in special session, there shall be no legislation upon subjects other than those designated in the proclamation of the Governor calling such session.

No State office shall be continued or created for the inspection or measuring of any merchandise, manufacture or commodity, but any county or municipality may appoint such officers when authorized by law.

No law changing the location of the Capitol of the State shall be valid until the same shall have been submitted to the qualified electors of the Commonwealth, at a general election, and ratified and approved by them.

Act Regulating the Publication of Application for Local or Special Legislation-Feb. 12, 1874.

That no local or special bill, either to repeal or enact a law, shall be passed by the Legislature, unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall be published in the locality where the matter or thing to be effected may be situated, which notice shall state specifically the title and objects of the bill, and shall be published by not less than four insertions in at least two daily or weekly newspapers, one of which may be in a language other than English, once a week for four consecutive weeks, printed in the county, or in each of the several counties, where such matter or thing to be affected may be situated; the first insertion to be at least thirty days prior to and within three months immediately preceding the introduction of such bill into the General Assembly, and be signed by at least one of the parties applying therefor: Provided, That the publication in one newspaper shall be deemed sufficient where but one is published in the county or counties aforesaid.

The evidence of the publication aforesaid shall be by attaching to a bill a copy or copies, as the case may be, of said notice, verified by the affidavit of the owner, publisher, editor or foreman of each of the several newspapers in which said notice is by this act required to be published, of due compliance with the preceding section.

That when such local or special bill shall effect any matter or things situated in any city or borough, said publication shall be in two of the newspapers published in said city or borough, if so many there be; and if there be but one, a publication in that one shall be deemed sufficient; if there be no newspaper published in said city or borough, then by publication in the newspaper or newspapers of the county in which said city or borough is located, as provided in the first section of this act.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

OF

SENATORS AND MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES1899-1900.

SENATORS.

ALBERT DARLINGTON BOYD, Fayette county, was born December 31, 1845, in Menallen township, Fayette county, Pa.; educated in the common schools of that county, and at Morgantown Academy, Morgantown, W. Va.; admitted to the bar of Fayette county, March, 1869; elected district attorney in 1871, and served until January, 1874; was elected to the Senate in November, 1898.

CHARLES LINCOLN BROWN, Philadelphia, was born in Philadelphia, July 6, 1864; educated in the public schools, leaving to enter commercial life; while so engaged he prepared and entered Lehigh University for a civil engineering course, but was forced to abandon this purpose through illness; later he entered the University of Pennsylvania for the course in law, and graduating, was admitted to the bar, where he has been in active practice since; was elected in 1891 to common council to fill an unexpired term and re-elected for a full term in 1892, and in 1894 was elected to select council; was elected to the Senate in November, 1896.

JOHN H. BROWN, Westmoreland county, was chairman of the Republican county committee in 1891 and 1893; elected to the Senate in 1892 by 18 majority; was the nominee in Westmoreland county for Congress in 1894, but was defeated in the Twentyfirst congressional conference on the 325th ballot; was re-elected to Senate in 1896 by 2,700 majority, after an interesting contest over the combined efforts of the Democratic and Populistic organizations.

WILLIAM M. BROWN, Lawrence county, was born in Greenville, Mercer county, Pa., in 1850; was educated in the common schools of Iowa, in the Warren, Ohlo, Grammar School, Power Commercial School and New Castle One Study College; read and practiced law in New Castle for eight years; was appointed special agent in the Land Office Department of the United States in January, 1883, resigning that position in August of the same year; was a member of New Castle's select council for five years; at present principally engaged in street railway work; was elected to the Senate in November, 1896.

JOHN F. BUDKE, Washington county, was born in Wheeling, West Virginia, November 21st, 1852; received a common school education; principal occupation the rolling mill business, manufacturing fine grades of sheet iron and steel; in 1874 organized the Budke Manufacturing Co. for the manufacture of sheet iron specialties and connected with the mills of Kirkpatrick, Beale & Co., Leechburg, Pa. In 1884 moved with the Budke Manufacturing Co. to Canonsburg, Pa., in 1885 accepted the practical management of the Canonsburg Iron and Steel Co. and became a member of its board of directors; was one of the original promoters of the Manufacturers Natural Gas Co. and of the Canonsburg Light and Fuel Co., and is still connected with the latter company and also the Canonsburg Iron and Steel Co. Is President of the Ek Park Mining and Milling Co., of Denver, Colorado; Vice President of the Speer Box and Lumber Co., of Pittsburgh, operating in Pennsylvania and Alabama: member of the Board of Managers of the Pennsylvania Reform School, and President of the Canonsburg School Board. Has taken an active interest in politics for the last fifteen years; served two terms on county committee; twice elected delegate to Republican State conventions; elected to Senate November, 1899.

HENRY CLAY CHISOLM, Huntingdon county, was born in Kemper county, Mississippi, October 3, 1859. He was educated in the public schools and under private tutors. Removed to Pennsylvania at the age of nineteen years, settling in Harrisburg. Graduated from Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, 1888. Removed to Huntingdon in 1889, where he has since practiced his profession. He was elected to the Senate, November, 1896, as a Republican, receiving 11,662 votes to 6,747 votes for Matthew McAteer, Democrat.

J. HENRY COCHRAN, Lycoming county, was born in New Brunswick, January 15, 1845, parents removed to Calais, Maine, shortly thereafter, where he resided until at the age of eighteen he removed to Pennsylvania; received a common school education: has always been engaged in the business of lumbering, and, in more recent years, has been engaged in banking and is interested in other industrial enterprises; elected a member of the Senate, November, 1894; re-elected November, 1898. JOHN W. CRAWFORD, Allegheny county, was born in Mifflin township, Allegheny county, Pa., in 1861; received his education in the public schools and at the South West Normal College, California, Pa.; engaged in the real estate business at an early age has been president of the First National Bank of Duquesne, Pa., since its or ganization; has been a staunch and active Republican all his life; was the first burgess of Duquesne, serving two terms; has been a member of the Duquesne borough council the past two years; was elected to the Senate in November, 1896.

HENRY HARRISON CUMINGS, Warren county, was born at Monmouth, Ill., December 1, 1840; educated at Oberlin College, Ohio; graduated in 1862; enlisted in the summer of 1862, in the One Hundred and Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry; served in the Fourteenth Army Corps, participating in all its campaigns and most of its battles; discharged at the close of the war as a captain; settled soon after in Tidioute, Pa., where he has since resided; actively engaged in the oil business, farming, lumbering, manufacturing and banking; has been for many years president of Tidioute School Board; was elected delegate to the Republican National Convention of 1888; was Commander Department of Pennsylvania G. A. R., 1895-6; was elected to the Senate in November, 1898.

MILTON EBY, Lancaster county, was born in Paradise township, Lancaster county, Pa.; October 16, 1850; educated in the public schools and at Union Academy; was census enumerator in 1880; prison inspector for three years; member of the House of Representatives, sessions of 1891, 1893 and 1895; is at present a farmer and dealer in live stock; was elected to the Senate, November, 1896.

WILLIAM FLINN, Allegheny county, was born in the city of Manchester, England, May 26, 1851; his parents emigrated to America the same year and settled in Pittsburg, where he has since continuously resided; received a common school education; learned the trades of brass finisher and gas and steam fitter; is at present a member of the firm of Booth & Flinn, Limited, general contractors; elected a member of the Board of Fire Commissioners of the city of Pittsburg. 1877; elected a member of the House of Representatives for the sessions of 1879 and 1881; elected a delegate to the Republican National Conventions of 1884, 1888, 1892 and 1896; has been chairman of the Republican City Executive Committee for the past eighteen years; was elected to the Senate in 1890 and 1894; re-elected in November, 1898.

PERRY AURORA GIBSON, Erie county, was born on what is known as Gibson Hill Farm, Washington township, that county, August 25, 1857; his early education was obtained while a student in the public schools of his native township, from which he passed to the Edinboro State Normal School and subsequently entered the Iowa State University, from which latter institution he graduated with distinguished credit with the class of 1883; returning to Edinboro, for a time he engaged in business with his brother, Dr. V. D. Gibson, but having decided that the profession of law would be more congenial to his tastes and talents, he entered the law office of John Proudfit, at Edinboro, and later the law office of William Benson, at Erie, under whose distinguished preceptorship he rapidly acquired a knowledge of the principles of statutory law, and was admitted to practice in the United States courts June 15, 1886, and subsequently admitted to practice before the Supreme Courts of such states as the character of his business, that of a corporation lawyer, necessitated. From his early youth he has taken an active interest in the political life of his county, and has been an energetic and devoted adherent to the principles dominating the Republican party; for many reasons the Republicans of the Forty-ninth Senatorial District knew the campaign of 1896 was to be a struggle and strong men must be placed on the ticket to lead the battle. The Democratic managers, with the Hon. Joseph Sibley as their leader, had used their best endeavors to create dissension in the Republican party, had already made inroads in Crawford and bid fair to carry out the same programme in Erie. At this apparently inopportune time Senator Gibson was called upon to enter the political arena for the State Senate. He accepted the call of his party and at once entered the campaign with vigor and a determination to win. He not only visited the voters, but addressed them in public, explaining the issues of the day with that burning eloquence for which he is especially gifted. With everything apparently against the party he made the campaign of 1836, against free silver in Erie county, the most bitterly contested of any ever known, but from this conflict he emerged victorious. He was very prominent on many of the leading committees; represented the Senate on the celebrated fire investigating committee, was chairman of the sub-committee to examine all the evidence in detail; wrote and presented the final report of the joint committee; was appointed chairman of the committee to reorganize the Pennsylvania State College; elected to the Senate in November, 1896. JOHN C. GRADY, Philadelphia, was born October 8, 1847, at Eastport, Maine, and early removed to Philadelphia; educated at the High School and University Law School; admitted to the bar October, 1871; has continued in the active practice of his profession in the city of Philadelphia: is President of the Board of Trustees of the Medico-Chirurgical Hospital and College; elected to the State Senate in 1876, from the Seventh District, for the term of four years; re-elected in 1880, 1884, 1888, 1892 and 1896; was chairman of the Special Committee of Senate and House appointed to receive General U. S. Grant, returning from his tour around the world; in 1881 a factional contention arose over the cffice of U. S. Surveyor of Customs at the Port of Philadelphia when President Garfield tendered the appointment to Senator Grady, which he declined, and the office remained vacant until President Arthur succeeded to the Presidency; is the Chairman of the Republican Caucus, in accordance with the custom of seniority; held the Chairmanship of the Judiciary General Committee eight years, and of the Finance Committee the past fourteen years; twice elected President pro tempore of the Senate, serving from May, 1887, to May, 1889; this term, completing twenty-four years, is the longest continuous service in the history of the State; during this time many of his colleagues have been sent to Congress or occupy judicial stations throughout the State, but frequent offers of such preferment to Senator Grady have always been declined.

HARVEY W. HAINES, York county, was born in Middletown, Columbiana county, Ohio, October 11, 1838; parents came back to Windsor, York county, in 1840; educated in the public schools and at Millersville State Normal School; taught school in Lancaster county and in York county, also in Baltimore city; returned to York county in the spring of 1880 and engaged in farming; was a delegate to Democratic convention at Allentown, 1884 and 1888; also delegate at Scranton, 1890; held the office of