INDEX

TO THE PLAN OF JERUSALEM AND ITS RUINS.

No 1. Armenian Convent on Mt. Zion.

2. Episcopal Church, and Consulate of St. James.

3. David Tower.

4. Hezekiah Pool, built by Herod; now used.

5. Castle of David.

6. Greek Convent.

7. Coptic Convent.

8. Latin Convent.

9. Church of the Holy Sepulchre.

10. Pilate's house (ancient citadel), now the Pasha's resi

dence.

11. Bethesda Pool.

12. St. Ann Church.

13. Prussian Consulate-near the site of Herod's palace.

14. Ruins of an ancient temple.

15. Valley Gate, near the Jaffa Gate.

16. Ancient gate, now closed (Bethezo was near it), on

Zion.

17. Essenes' Gate, on Zion South.

18. Tower of Siloam.

19. East or Sun Gate.

20. The Stairs of David-now in use.

21. Intermediate Gate, between the two walls at the Junction

of the Tyropœon and Kidron Valleys.

22. The House of David-it spanned the Tyropœon Valley

here.

23. The Tower that lieth out over the Virgin Fountain.

24. Water Gate; on Ophel.

25. The Great Tower-Tower of Ophel.

14

INDEX TO THE PLAN.

No. 26. Horse Gate, near the S. E. corner of the Temple.

27. Tower of the Flock (Micah iv., 8).

28. Sheep Gate-near the present St. Stephen's Gate.
29. Tower of Hananeel; N. E corner of the Temple

Area.

30. Fish Gate-near the present St. Stephen's Gate.

31. Gate of Benjamin-North and East.

32. Cemetery.

33. Throne of the Governor.

34. Damascus Gate; facing North.

35. Broad wall between Ephraim and the corner Gate.

36. Corner Gate-near the N. W. corner on the West.

37. Tower of Furnaces; in the West end of the East and

West wall.

38. First Gate; in the first wall, near Jaffa Gate.

39. The Armory, or House of the Forest of Lebanon, in the
N. E. corner of Zion.

40. Prison Gate; Shallecketh, in the Temple.

41. Miphkad Gate; the Stocks for detaining and punishing
criminals were near this Gate, at the West end of the
Tyropoon bridge.

42. Second Gate in the Tyropœon.

43. Tower of Hippicus; the ruins are in the N. W. corner
of the city wall, called the Giant's Tower.

44. Phasaelus-a Tower named after Herod's brother, near
the Gennath Gate.

45. Mariamne-named by Herod after his Queen; on Zion.
46. Gennath (gardens) Gate-near the Jaffa Gate, in the
third wall.

47. Psephinos; an octagon tower, North of Hippicus.

There were 90 towers in the third wall; no other
names have been recorded. In other walls there
were other gates, of which no ruins exist.

48. Fort of Zion; the Great Acropolis, so famed during the
Syrian Wars.

49. Castle of Zion; taken by David from the Jebusites.

50. Zion Bridge.

51. Citadel; was high and overlooked the city.

52. Millo; at the Junction of the Zion and Tyropaon

Valleys.

INDEX TO THE PLAN.

15

No. 53. Road over which Christ rode into Jerusalem.

54. Golgotha.

55. Castle of Antonia; containing the Judgment Hall. 56. Baris; the Acropolis of Akra.

57. Strabo's Tower, near Antonia.

58. Illustration showing the form of the original hill Mount Moriah.

39. Upper Pool of Gihon.

60. Jews' Wailing-Place; here are to be seen some of the foundation-stones of the Temple.

61. Garden of Gethsemane.

62. Church of the Ascension.

63. Entrance to the great underground quarry, where the stones were quarried and prepared for King Solomon's Temple.

64. Village of Siloam.

Besides these there are records of a great many palaces, market. places, and synagogues for instruction in the Scriptures and tra. ditions, of which there remains no vestige by which they can with certainty be identified.

MOUNT MORIAH-SITE OF SOLOMON'S TEMPLE.

A, A, A, A, Temple Area.

No. 1. Dome of the Rock; Ancient Christian Church: now a mosk.

2. Mosk el Aksa; the Ancient Knight Templar's Church. 3. Mogrebins Mosk.

4. The Sea of Solomon, underground.

5. Vaults under the platform.

6. Ancient South Gate of the Temple; now Double Gate

7. Ancient West Gate, now Prophet's Gate.

S. Gate of the Chain.

9. Gate of the Bath.

10. Iron Gate.

11. Gate of the Inspector.

12. East or Golden Gate.

CHAPTER 1.

JERUSALEM.

ITS ORIGIN, AND A SKETCH OF ITS HISTORY.

Origin-Assault and Capture of the City by David -David's Death-He is succeeded by Solomon, who builds the Magnificent Temple, and the Store Cities-Siege of Jerusalem by Titus, it is taken at Midnight-Wanton Destruction of the Temple by Fire.

THE city of Jerusalem, with its ruins of temples, towers, walls, and tombs, is one of the most profoundly impressive localities in all the world. While reflecting on the history of this city, wave on wave of thought rush in on the mind from out the limitless ocean of the past, and while contemplating its ruins the mind is carried far back through the dim vista of ages, to the time when Mt. Zion was the Jebusite's stronghold, and when the site of the magnificent Temple of Solomon was a threshing-floor.

In all other holy places there were worshiped beasts and birds (Apis and Ibis, Egypt), the human form (Greece), and hideous images of things found neither in the heavens nor the earth (India). But here the shepherds of Canaan, who watched their flocks among the hills, bowed to Him who is still called the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. In Genesis we