The annals of this city run back from Herod's time into the age of heathenism. It was the Panium of Josephus, and the Paneas of the Greeks and Romans, and the inscriptions are not yet obliterated which show that the god Pan had a sanctuary there. Titus exhibited gladiatorial shows in this city, in which he made the captive Jews fight and kill each other. The modern village is called Banias, the Arabic form of Paneas. It is small and poor, containing only 150 houses. Just north of the village is a wellbuilt stone bridge.

The ruins of the ancient city are extensive, and consist of heaps of stone and architectural fragments. The vast castle above the site of the city is still the most remarkable fortress in Palestine.

At the base of the mountain, at the N. E. side of the village of Banias, is a spacious cavern, from which issues the eastern source of the Jordan. Niches have been cut in the face of the rocks directly above the cavern, and in other places, apparently to receive statues. When these niches were cut they had each an inscription, but they are now so obliterated that only a part of one can be made out. The second source of the Jordan is at a place called Tell el-Kady, three miles w. N. w. of Banias. Here is a small elevation, having a flat space on its top, in which are two springs, one of which is very large. The united waters of these springs form a considerable stream, which unites with that from Banias, 5 miles below. The third source is about 3 miles w. by N. from Hasbeiya. Here is a fountain, the waters of which are confined by a dam, forming a large basin; just below the dam

UNIVE

13 a bridge. At a short distance west of this foun tain are the remarkable pits or mines of solid as phaltum.

The locations of the sources of the Jordan are as follows-viz., the main eastern source, at Banias, is in Lat. 33° 17', and 35° 40' east Lon. from Greenwich; and the western source-Hasbeiya-is in Lat. 33° 30' and Lon. 35° 41'.

Banias is 120 miles N. N. E. of Jerusalem, and Hasbeiya is 135.

CAPERNAUM.

The site of Capernaum is near the N. w. shore of the Sea of Galilee; 78 miles N. by E. from Jerusalem. It was on the frequented route from Damascus to the Mediterranean. This was a chief city of Galilee in the time of Christ. It had a synagogue; also a customs station where dues were collected both by stationary and itinerant officers.

Capernaum was the residence of Christ during a considerable part of his ministry, and the scene of many of his wonderful works. It was here he worked the miracle on the Centurion's servant, on Simon's wife's mother, the paralytic, and on the men afflicted with an unclean spirit. The brothers Simon Peter and Andrew belonged at Capernaum. In consequence of the unbelief of the people of this and other cities of the plain, the Lord pronounced their doom: "And thou, Capernaum, which art exalted unto heaven, shalt be brought down to hell: for if the