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Total expenditures according to purpose and nature on Umatilla project to June 30, 1907.

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Final estimates prepared by a board of engineers placed the cost of this project at $42 per acre, including ten years' maintenance. This is materially higher than had been estimated before, due to additional knowledge gained by more complete surveys and extensive drilling operations at dam site. Serious obstacles were encountered through unwillingness of private landowners to pledge their lands under conditions satisfactory to the Department and through right of way and water right complications, and doubt was expressed by the settlers as to the value of the lands compared with estimated water charges.

Extensive studies were made of the possibility of reducing the area to be watered from Malheur River and utilizing Owyhee River for the irrigation of the remainder immediately south of Arcadia and additional land south of Owyhee River, thus dividing the project into a Malheur and Owyhee division.

It was found that such reduction would not materially alter the acre cost of the Malheur division, and it was hoped that as the Owyhee division promised to be more free from legal and land complications, an attractive first unit could be worked out with Owyhee River as a source of supply. The summer flow of Owyhee River having been fully appropriated, examination was made of the Owyhee watershed for practicable storage reservoirs. At Duncans Ferry a favorable site was found for the construction of a dam, which, if 100 feet high, would store 190,000 acre-feet, and if 150 feet high would store 480,000 acre-feet. A less favorable storage reservoir was located at Red Butte Valley. Diamond drill borings were made at both locations to determine position of bed rock at dam sites.

Preliminary plans and estimates were made on the basis of irrigating 63,000 acres 27,000 acres north of the Owyhee as far as Arcadia, and 36,000 acres south of the river, principally south of Sucker Creek, and consequently in the State of Idaho.

Storage of 150,000 acre-feet, with a 90-foot dam at Duncans Ferry, was deemed sufficient in connection with available river flow during a portion of the irrigation season, and was made the basis of estimates. A suitable point of diversion was located 4 miles upstream from Mitchell Butte. The final results indicated an acre cost even higher than that of the Malheur division, for which reason work on

H. Doc. 63, 60–1– -13

the entire project has been indefinitely deferred. All lands withdrawn, except for reservoir sites, have been restored to entry. The net expenditures to June 30, 1907, are $70,987.21.

PROPOSED CENTRAL OREGON PROJECTS.

Silver Creek, Chewaucan, Ana River, Silver Lake, Odell Lake, and Crescent Lake projects in central Oregon have been described in the Third Annual Report, second edition, pages 471 to 486. No further detailed investigations have been made in this region, but stream measurement work has been continued in order to obtain information in regard to the available water supply in case it should be advisable to take up these projects in the future. The net expenditures to June 30, 1907, are $22,690.61.

OREGON-CALIFORNIA.

KLAMATH PROJECT.

GENERAL STATEMENT.

The main data relating to the Klamath project are summarized below:

(Summary of principal data relating to Klamath project.)

Counties: Klamath, Oreg.; Siskiyou and Modoc, Cal.

Latitude: 42°.

Longitude: 121°.

Railroad connections: Pokegama, Oreg., 36 miles on Klamath Lake Railroad and Brays, Cal., 50 miles, on California and North Eastern Railroad. The latter road is being constructed to Klamath Falls, Oreg.

Principal markets: San Francisco, Cal., and Portland, Oreg.

Land offices for district: Lakeview, Oreg., and Susanville and Redding, Cal. Irrigable areas in the Upper project embrace the Lost River Valley, about 46,000 acres; and the Lower project, covering Klamath River Valley, the lower Klamath Lake marshes, and a portion of the bed of Tule Lake, about 141,000

acres.

Average elevation: 4,100 feet.

Character of soil is good, being principally rich lake bottoms and decomposed basalt.

Range of temperature: Maximum, 105°; minimum, -26°.

Average rainfall: 15 inches per annum.

Ownership of lands: Public, about 45,000 acres; private, about 142,000 acres. Size of farm units has been tentatively fixed at 160 acres.

Values of irrigated lands: $20 to $100 per acre.

Principal products: Alfalfa, grain, fruits, and vegetables.
Duty of water: 1 acre-feet per acre per annum.

Source of water supply: Lower project, which includes the Klamath Valley, a portion of Poe Valley, the lower Klamath marshes, and a portion of the bed of Tule Lake, is the upper Klamath Lake. The estimated watershed area of this lake is 3,100 square miles. The average rainfall over this area is not accurately known, but from the records kept at Fort Klamath, it is estimated to be about 20 inches per annum. The mean annual runoff from the watershed since

1904 is 1,802,430 acre-feet.

After preliminary investigation this project was favorably reported on by a board of engineers and its construction was authorized on May 17, 1905.

Upper Klamath Lake, with a surface area of nearly 60,000 acres and a variation of from 4 to 5 feet in elevation, serves as a natural reservoir for conserving the water and regulating the flood discharges. Water is taken from this lake by means of the main canal, on the eastern side of the valley, and the Keno Canal on the western side.

The main canal, now constructed to its first principal diversion point, has a length of 9 miles and a maximum capacity of 1,500 second-feet. Keno Canal, now under construction, has a capacity at its head of 635 second-feet. The total length of canals on the lower project, when completed, is estimated at 75 miles of main and 134 miles of laterals. The Keno Canal also provides for the development of power to the extent of about 2,000 horsepower.

Investigation of the drainage of the marshes around lower Klamath Lake has been carried on during the past year. The amount of excavation required to drain these marshes by gravity is large and the question of treating them by means of dikes and pumping has been considered.

The upper project, which includes Langell's and Yonna Valleys and a part of Poe Valley, receives its water supply from the Clear Lake watershed. The area of this watershed is approximately 600 square miles and the average annual rainfall, as estimated from available records, is 15 inches. The mean annual run-off from this watershed since 1904, is 148,900 acre-feet. The Clear Lake reservoir site has a capacity of 460,000 acre-feet and an area of 25,000 acres. For this storage a dam 30 feet high and 850 feet long will be required. Either a rock-fill or masonry dam is suitable for this site, but on account of the spillway capacity required, a masonry dam has some advantages. Designs and estimates have been made for both, but the type to be finally used has not been selected. There will also be required a low dam about 4,000 feet long to close a gap at the south end of Clear Lake.

MAIN CANAL.

Work on construction of the main canal, begun in the spring of 1906, has been carried on throughout the year by the contractors, Mason, Davis & Co. This work was not completed within the contract time and an extension of time was granted. Divisions 2 and 3 of this canal were completed on May 20, 1907, and water turned into it through the old Ankeny canal on May 22, 1907. Division 1, which includes the tunnel and main headworks, was completed to a point that water was turned in against the gates on June 27 and the division formally put in commission on that date. The work at that time was not, however, entirely completed.

This canal has a capacity of 1,500 second-feet and is designed to supply water to the main Klamath Valley. In the construction of this canal, exclusive of the tunnel, 723,528 cubic yards of material were excavated and 4,095 cubic yards of concrete put in place in the canal linings, turn-outs, culverts, and bridge piers. The tunnel is 3,300 feet long, 14 feet 4 inches high, and 13 feet 6 inches wide, and is concrete lined throughout.

EAST BRANCH CANAL.

Work on the East Branch canal was begun by force account, in September, 1906. This canal has a capacity of 261 second-feet, is 16 feet wide on the bottom and 8 feet deep, with 14 to 1 side slopes, and is designed to carry water 6 feet deep. This canal, which will supply water to Poe Valley and to the area east of Lost River and north of Tule Lake, is now completed to Olene, excepting the putting in of concrete turn-outs. On this work there were moved 92,277 cubic yards of class 1, 8,853 cubic yards of class 2, and 150 cubic yards of class 3 material.

LATERAL SYSTEM.

The lateral system under the Main canal and East Branch canal to Olene, has been constructed by force account. The total irrigable

area under this unit is 11,600 acres. The total length of laterals and drains constructed is 33.4 miles and the total excavation 164,271 cubic yards, all of class 1 material. The capacity of the laterals varies from 8 to 80 second-feet. On account of high cost of freighting cement into the country by teams, most lateral structures have been built of wood.

KENO CANAL.

Bids for the construction of schedules 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the Keno canal were opened April 15, 1907. One bid was received, that of Paquet, Giebisch & Joplin, which was as follows:

Bid of Paquet, Giebisch & Joplin, being the only bid received on schedules 1, 2, 3, and 4, excavation, stations 6 to 64, Keno canal, Klamath project.

[Specifications No. 132.]

Total amount of bid $62,829.50. All schedules to be accepted or none.
Excavation, class 1, 47,150 cubic yards, at 75 cents per cubic yard.
Excavation, class 2, 16,620 cubic yards, at 85 cents per cubic yard.
Excavation, class 3, 13,340 cubic yards, at $1 per cubic yard.

The prices bid for classes 1 and 2 were considered excessive and upon recommendation of a board of engineers authority was given. to do the work by force account. The capacity of this canal is 635 second-feet, 205 second-feet of which is to be delivered to Moore Brothers for power purposes. This is in accordance with a contract entered into between the United States and Moore Brothers, whereby the latter surrender all riparian and other rights to the waters of Link River, and in lieu thereof receive water as above stated.

All structures on this canal including headworks, diverting weir and turn-outs, are of concrete. Under the terms of the contract with Moore Brothers this canal must be completed ready for the delivery of water by December 1, 1907.

SAND-CRUSHING PLANT.

On account of scarcity of sand suitable for concrete work a sandcrushing plant, consisting of 30-horsepower steam engine, rockcrusher, roll, and the necessary screens, was purchased and installed near the head of Link River. The cost of the plant in place was $4,138.10. The rock used for crushing was hard basalt, which breaks up sharp and makes a very satisfactory product for concrete work. The capacity of the plant is 2 cubic yards per hour. One thousand five hundred and seventy-five cubic yards of sand have been produced at a cost of approximately $2.50 per cubic yard.

HEADQUARTERS SITE.

During the fall of 1906 one-half acre of land was purchased in the town of Klamath Falls for permanent headquarters. On this tract a storehouse, a barn, and an office building 30 by 40 feet have been erected, the latter not quite completed. It contains the necessary office rooms for engineers, accountants, and operation and maintenance employees, and is equipped with a fireproof vault.

TELEPHONE LINE.

A telephone line has been built from Klamath Falls to Olene, along the line of the Main and East Branch canals and also along one of the principal laterals, a total length of 13 miles. The cost of con

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