APPENDIX III. NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES-CORRECTING AND ISSU- CHARTS-SURVEYS-WATER NIAGARA FALLS. REPORT FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1907-OFFICERS OF THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS IN CHARGE, LIEUT. COL. JAMES L. LUSK, UNTIL JULY 30, 1906; COL. GARRETT J. LYDECKER, UNTIL APRIL 20, 1907, AND MAJ. CHARLES KELLER, TO THE END OF THE FISCAL YEAR. UNITED STATES ENGINEER OFFICE, GENERAL: I have the honor to submit herewith annual report on survey of the Northern and Northwestern Lakes for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1907. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, Brig. Gen. A. MACKENZIE, CHARLES KELLER, Major, Corps of Engineers. Chief of Engineers, U. S. A. NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES-CORRECTING AND ISSUING CHARTS-SURVEYS-WATER LEVELS. As early as 1816 local surveys of the Great Lakes for special purposes were made by engineer officers, but the survey of the Northern and Northwestern Lakes as a connected and systematic whole was commenced in 1841 and prosecuted continuously until 1882, when work was suspended, as the data then in hand seemed sufficient for the requirements of navigation of the period. After the suspension and until 1889 operations were limited to the publication and issue of charts, $2,000 or $3,000 being appropriated annually for this work. In 1889 field operations were resumed under an appropriation made therefor, and have been continued under annual appropriations ranging from $5.000 to $150,000. In 1898 these operations were extended to include observations and investigations of lake levels with a view to ascertaining the causes of changes in level, determining the hydraulic data needed for formulating the laws of interlake flow, and devising the most feasible method of lake-level maintenance or regulation. Operations during the last fiscal year have included work related to the several features above referred to, as follows: Charts. The following statement shows the number of charts received and disposed of at this office during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1907: On hand July 1, 1906. Received from Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army. Prepared in this office. Returned from office files. Total___ Sold Issued for official use. Transferred to United States engineer office, Buffalo, N. Y. Destroyed (out of date)_. 44, 207 2 19, 308 63, 518 13, 795 3. 115 3, 113 491 43, 004 On hand July 1, 1907---- Total____ 63,518 The total number of charts sold by this office during the year was 13,795, the total amount received from these sales being $2,176.65, which was duly deposited to the credit of the Treasurer of the United States. The total number of charts that have been sold, issued, and transferred through this office to June 30, 1907, is 339,927, including issues to the United States engineer office at Buffalo. In continuation of the policy of eventually issuing all Lake Survey charts in colors, of keeping constantly revised to date all charts after their issue, and of preparing such additional coast and harbor charts as the interests of navigation seem to require, work as outlined below has been performed in this office during the year. The revisions of charts embraced changes in aids to navigation, modifications due to river and harbor improvements, latest magnetic determinations, additional and corrected sailing courses, and the most prominent topographic and hydrographic changes developed by commercial and industrial enterprise on the shores of the lakes and their tributary and connecting waters. The changes constantly being made in lights and buoys, pier extension and breakwater construction, etc., render necessary a very large amount of hand work, as every chart is corrected for all information received to the day it is sent out of the office. Copies of the following-named copperplate charts were revised to be used as guides by the engravers in correcting the copperplates: 1. Coast Chart No. 1, Lake Michigan; scale, 1:80,000. 2. Lake St. Clair; scale, 1:50.000. 3. Coast Chart No. 6, Lake Erie; scale, 1:80,000. 4. South end of Green Bay; scale, 1:120,000. 5. South Fox Island Shoals; scale, 1:20,000. (Original engraved on stone.) 6. Sandusky Bay; scale, 1:20,000. 7. St. Marys River No. 2; scale, 1:40,000. 8. St. Lawrence River No. 1; scale, 1:30,000. 9. General Chart of Lake Ontario; scale, 1:400.000. 10. Buffalo Harbor and Niagara River to the Falls; scale, 1:30,000. 11. Harbor at Duluth, Minn., and Superior, Wis.; scale, 1: 18,000. 12. Cleveland Harbor and Cuyahoga River, Ohio; scale, 1: 12,000. 16. Beaver Island Group, including the northeast end of Lake Michigan; scale, 1: 120,000; with inset of Beaver Harbor, Michigan; scale, 1: 15,000. 17. Coast Chart No. 1, Lake Ontario; scale, 1: 80,000. 18. Agate and Burlington Bays, Minnesota; scale, 1: 6,000. 19. Coast Chart No. 5, Lake Michigan; scale, 1: 80 000. 20. Coast Chart No. 5, Lake Ontario; scale, 1: 80,000. 21. Coast Chart No. 8, Lake Superior, including Isle Royal; scale, 1: 120,000. 22. St. Lawrence River No. 6; scale, 1:30,000. Revisions of copies of the following copperplate charts are in hand: 1. Straits of Mackinac; scale, 1: 120,000. For 4th edition in colors. 2. Detroit River; scale, 1:40,000; with inset of Lower Detroit River; scale, 1:20,000. Results of resurveys made in 1906-7 along the city front being added, also changes showing available channels and aids to navigation in Lower Detroit River. Copperplates were revised and corrected, transferred to stone, and the charts printed in colors as follows: 1. Huron Bay and Huron Islands, Lake Superior; scale, 1:30,000. Results of local surveys made in 1905 added. The first edition in colors. Issued July 6, 1906. 2. Apostle Islands No. 2, including Chequamegon Bay and South Coast of Lake Superior; scale, 1:50,000. The second edition in colors from heliogravure plates. Issued July 6, 1906. 3. Coast Chart No. 2, Lake Michigan; scale, 1: 80,000. Results of survey of Sheboygan Harbor, Wisconsin, and additional and amended sailing courses added. The first edition in colors. Issued July 20, 1906. 4. Lake St. Clair; scale, 1:50,000. Local survey in Baltimore Bay made in 1905, and survey in connection with widening St. Clair Flats Canal added. The fourth edition in colors. Issued August 1, 1906. 5. Coast Chart No. 2, Lake Erie; scale, 1:80,000. Chart limits extended to include Erie Harbor and Long Point, with amended and additional sailing courses added. The first edition in colors. Issued August 24, 1906. 6. North end of Lake Michigan; scale, 1:400,000. Results of surveys made between the years 1903 and 1905, amended and additional sailing courses, and many topographic and hydrographic changes added. The first edition in colors. Issued October 8, 1906. 7. Coast Chart No. 6, Lake Erie; scale, 1:80,000. Results of survey of Upper Sandusky Bay and Pelee Island made in 1904 and 1905 added. The third edition in colors. Issued October 24, 1906. 8. St. Marys River No. 2; scale, 1:40,000. Widening and deepening of available channels, changes in aids to navigation, and much topographic and hydrographic information added. The fourth edition in colors. (Third edition from heliogravure copperplates.) Issued November 10, 1906. 9. South end of Green Bay; scale, 1:120,000. Extensive changes and additions in topography and hydrography obtained from surveys of 1904, 1905, and 1906 embodied. The first edition in colors. Issued January 30, 1907. 10. Coast Chart No. 1, St. Lawrence River; scale, 1:30,000. Changes in topography and hydrography added. The second edition in colors. Issued February 11, 1907. 11. Beaver Island Group, including the Northeast end of Lake Michigan; scale 1: 120,000; with new inset of Beaver Harbor; scale, 1: 15,000. The results of the surveys of 1904 and 1905, and the locations of many uncharted shoals added. The second edition in colors. Issued February 15, 1907. 12. Buffalo Harbor and Niagara River to the Falls; scale, 1:30,000. Changes in harbor improvements, aids to navigation, and other topographic and hydrographic information added. The fourth edition in colors. Issued February 28, 1907. 13. General Chart of Lake Ontario; scale, 1:400,000. St. Lawrence River from Howe Island to Alexandria Bay, Niagara River, and Welland Canal extended to chart limits; additional and corrected sailing courses, changes in aids to navigation, and much topographic and hydrographic information added. The third edition in colors. Issued March 7, 1907. 14. Harbor at Duluth, Minn., and Superior, Wis.; scale, 1: 18,000. Hydrographic and topographic changes to date added. The fifth edition in colors. (The second edition from Molitor process copperplates.) Issued March 30, 1907. 15. Erie Harbor and Presque Isle, Pennsylvania; scale, 1: 15,000. Changes in topography and hydrography added. The second edition in colors. Issued May 10, 1907. 16. Eagle Harbor, Michigan; scale, 1:5,000. The results of the topographic and hydrographic surveys of September, 1906, added. The first edition in colors. Issued May 15, 1907. 17. Sandusky Bay, Ohio; scale, 1:20,000. Widening and deepening of dredged channels, changes in aids to navigation, and other topographic and hydrographic features added. The third edition in colors. Issued May 30, 1907. 18. Marquette and Presque Isle Harbors, Michigan; scale, 1:15,000. Results of survey made in 1906 added. The second edition in colors (first edition from Molitor process copperplates). Issued June 27, 1907. 19. Coast Chart No. 1, Lake Michigan; scale, 1:80,000. Results of surveys of Manitowoc and Sturgeon Bay Harbor of Refuge, and additional and amended sailing courses added. The first edition in colors. Issued June 29, 1907. The preceding edition of the following new chart engraved on stone having been exhausted, a new edition revised to date was issued: South Fox Island Shoals; scale, 1: 20,000. The second edition in colors. Issued August 31, 1906. Revisions of copperplates preparatory to new editions of the following charts are in hand: Extensive 1. Cleveland Harbor and Cuyahoga River, Ohio; scale 1:12,000. changes from local harbor surveys added to heliogravure copperplate. The third edition in colors, to be issued about July 10, 1907. 2. Agate and Burlington Bays, Minnesota, North shore of Lake Superior; scale 1:6,000. Wharves and breakwater extensions and other topographic and hydrographic changes added. The second edition in colors (first edition from Molitor process copperplate), to be issued about July 17, 1907. 3. Coast Chart No. 1, Lake Ontario; scale 1:80,000. Chart limits extended to include the missing portion of St. Lawrence River from Wolfe Island Light to Round Island, with amended and additional sailing courses. The plate is ready for transfer to stone for the third edition in colors. 4. Coast Chart No. 5, Lake Ontario; scale 1:80,000. The extensive revision of the copperplate of this chart, based on resurveys of Niagara River, is completed and ready for transfer to stone for the first edition in colors. 5. Coast Chart No. 5, Lake Michigan; scale 1:80,000. Extensive changes in topography and hydrography in vicinities of Calumet Harbor, Indiana Harbor, and Gary., Ind., and additional and amended sailing courses are being added. The revision of this copperplate is nearly ready for second edition in colors. 6. St. Lawrence River No. 6; scale 1:30,000. The revision of the copperplate is nearly completed for third edition in colors. 7. Straits of Mackinac; scale 1:120,000. Revision of copperplate is well advanced for fourth edition in colors. 8. Detroit River; scale 1:40,000; with inset of Lower Detroit River; scale 1:20,000. Extensive changes and additions in topography and hydrography are being made on the copperplate, obtained from recent surveys of 1906 and 1907, for seventh edition in colors. The following entirely new charts were completed and issued in colors during the year: 1. Portage Lake, Manistee County, Mich.; scale 1:10.000. Reduced from survey of 1905. Engraved on stone. Issued July 18, 1906. 2. Coast Chart No. 6, Lake Superior; west end of lake, from Little Girl Point. Michigan, to Beaver Bay, Minnesota, including the Apostle Islands; scale 1:120,000; with inset of Port Wing Harbor, Wisconsin; scale 1:8.000. Compiled from surveys made between the years 1859 and 1905. Engraved on stone. Issued August 1, 1906. 3. General Chart of Lake Erie, including the waterways between Lakes Ontario and Huron; scale 1:400,000. Compiled from surveys made between the years 1859 and 1905. Engraved on stone. Issued August 31, 1906. 4. Racine Harbor, including Racine Reef and Wind Point Shoals; scale 1:15,000. Compiled from surveys made in 1904 and 1905. Engraved on stone. Issued Jaunary 18, 1907. 5. Menominee Harbor, Michigan, including the cities of Marinette, Wis., and Menominee, Mich.; scale 1:15,000. Reduced from survey made in 1905. Engraved on stone. Issued January 18, 1907. 6. Les Cheneaux Islands and northeasterly approaches to Straits of Mackinac, from Beaver Tail Reef to St. Martin Bay, including Mackinac and Round Islands; scale 1:40,000. Compiled and reduced from surveys made in 1904, 1905, and 1906. Engraved on stone. Issued March 14, 1907. 7. Coast Chart No. 4, Lake Superior, from Big Bay Point to Ontonagon, including the Keweenaw Peninsula; scale 1:120,000. Compiled from surveys made between the years 1855 and 1905. Engraved on stone. Issued May 15, 1907. In addition to the foregoing the following new charts are well advanced: 1. Munising Harbor, Michigan, Lake Superior; scale 1:8,000. Reduced from survey made in 1906. Engraved on stone. To be issued about July 15, 1907. 2. Harbors at Ogdensburg, N. Y., and Prescott, Ontario, St. Lawrence River; scale 1:10,000. Compiled from survey made in 1902. Engraved on stone. To be issued about July 25, 1907. 3. General Chart of Northern and Northwestern Lakes; scale 1:1,200,000. Compiled and reduced from the general charts of the Lakes, showing the most direct sailing courses, aids to navigation, lines of equal magnetic variation, annual water-level curves and comparative elevations, dry docks and canals. Engraving on stone completed, verified, and ready for transfer and printing in colors. 4. North end of Lake Michigan, including Green Bay; scale 1:240,000. Compiled and reduced from the latest surveys made between the years 1901 and 1906. Engraving on stone in progress. 5. Harbor at Grand Haven, Mich., including Spring Lake and Lower Grand River; scale 1:15,000. Reductions based on surveys made in 1905 and 1906 completed and engraving on stone in progress. 6. Lake Winnebago, Wisconsin; scale 1:40,000. Reductions from surveys made under the direction of Maj. W. V. Judson, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, completed and the engraving on stone in two sections in progress. 7. Entrance to Green Bay, Lake Michigan, from Poverty Island Passage to Porte des Morts Passage (including Drisco Shoal); scale 1: 40,000. Reductions based on resurveys made in 1905 and 1906 completed. To be engraved on stone. 8. Black Lake, Lake Michigan, including City of Holland; scale 1 :15,000. Reductions based on survey made in 1906 completed. To be engraved on stone. 9. Pine Lake, including Charlevoix Harbor, Lake Michigan; scale 1:30,000. Reductions for this new chart, based on the survey made in 1906, completed. To be engraved on stone. The following small charts, not considered as forming part of the regular series of Lake Survey charts, were prepared as insets for the bulletins and supplements: 1. St. Clair Flats Canal, Michigan, showing new 300-foot channel, opened September 3, 1906; scale 1:30,000. Engraved on stone and printed in colors. Inset in Supplement No. 5 to Bulletin No. 16, September 20, 1906. 2. Rogers, Mich., Lake Huron; scale 1:12,000. Engraved on stone from survey made in August, 1905, and printed in colors. Inset in Bulletin No. 17, April, 1907. 3. Nahma, Mich., Big Bay de Noc, Green Bay; scale 1:15,000. Engraved on stone from survey made in 1906, and printed in colors. Inset in Bulletin No. 17, April, 1907. 4. New Shoals in vicinity of Sister Bay and Eagle Harbor, including Strawberry Channel, Green Bay; scale 1:60,000. Reduced and engraved on stone. Inset in Bulletin No. 17, April, 1907. 5. Lower Detroit River, showing available channel and positions of aids to navigation at opening of season of 1907; scale 1 :20,000. Reprint by transfer from revised and corrected Molitor process copperplate chart. Printed in colors. Inset in Bulletin No. 17, April, 1907 |