cine; H. D. Bishop, M. D., Professor of Orthopedic Surgery; C. S. Cutter, M. D., Lecturer on Pediatry; R. J. Cummer, M. D., Lecturer on Pharmacology and the Theory and Practice of Medicine; C. M. Thurston, M. D., Lecturer on Histology, Pathology and Urinary Analysis; C. A. Latimer, B. Sc., Instructor in Chemistry and Toxicology; A. W. Sanders, D. V. S., Instructor in Bacteriology; N.T. B. Nobles, C. A. Bingham, J. T. Frawley, M. D., Demonstrators of Anatomy. The officers were Wm. A. Phillips, M. D., Dean; Dudley Smith, M. D., Registrar; H. Pomeroy, M. D.. Treasurer.

For the course of 1896-1897 the Adjunct Professor of Obstetricy, Dudley Smith, perfected a plan that was of incalculable value to the students of the class of '97, and succeeding classes. He made arrangements with benevolent societies, charitable organizations and district physicians for an outpatient clinic. He arranged the class into groups for the care of women who were to be confined in their own homes. In this way he gave every member of the senior class at least two obstetrical cases.

The practical character of this experience will be plain to everyone. Dr. Smith conceived the idea during his visit to the Maternity Hospitals of New York and Boston, the preceding summer.

"The teaching corps of the University has been materially strengthened by the addition of Drs. A. V. Sanders, Cummer and Thurston.

"Dr. Sanders will have entire charge of the department of bacteriology, and will bring to the aid of his students an extensive and thorough knowledge of the subject obtained in the laboratories of the celebrated Prof. Koch of Berlin. At present writing Dr. Sanders is preparing a students' 'Practical Manual of Bacteriology," which will be used as a text book in the coming course.

"Drs. Cummer and Thurston achieved quite a reputation last year for the good work they did in the Cleveland Medical College on pharmacology and histology. Under Dr. Thurston's direction extensive changes and improvements are being

made in the histological laboratories, with a view to making the work entirely practical and instructive."

October 5th, 1896, a special meeting of the Board of Trustees convened to consider the proposition made by the Trustees of the Western Reserve University relative to purchasing the equipment of the dental department. Dean Phillips was appointed a committee to confer with the dental students and to obtain their consent to a transfer to the University and an agreement to release this College from all obligations. At a later date he reported to the Board that a satisfactory arrangement had been made with the dental students, and as the offer for the equipments was a liberal one he, as Dean of the University, would recommend to the faculty and Board of Trustees the sale of the equipment of the department and a transfer of the dental students to the Western Reserve University. His report was accepted and the negotiations were completed. It is perhaps, proper to say that the dental department had always been conducted in a manner perfectly satisfactory to the students, and indeed to all concerned. A thorough and practical 'course was given, the large amount of clinical material at hand being a special feature of the course. It was only on account of the demand for increased room made necessary by the large number of students in the medical department that the proposition for the transfer of the dental department was considered and the arrangement finally consummated.

The session of 1896-1897 was no doubt the most successful session that the College had had for several years. The entire second floor of the College, which had been occupied by the dental department, was utilized for the medical students. In fact, both the Cleveland Medical College and the University had large classes, the number being about equal, each school having new college buildings well equipped and manned by a complete corps of teachers. The medical profession, as well as the teachers, believed that it would be for the best interests of homeopathy, as well as

the colleges, to have the schools united.

January 14th, 1897, at a meeting of the Board of Trustees, the following communication was received:

Gentlemen:--The following is a clause from my mother's will: I give and bequeath to the Cleveland University of Medicine and Surgery, upon the condition that the income only thereof be used, and this exclusively for charity, the sum of $10,000, and I think the best way is to deposit notes or mortgages to the sum of $10,000 with the Savings and Trust Co., they to act as trustees, with the power to reinvest the money when the notes or mortgages are taken up.

Please let me know if the above plan will be satisfactory to you. Yours truly,

M. A. Bradley.

On motion of Mr. J. G. W. Cowles, duly seconded, it was resolved that the trustees of the University accept the bequest of Mrs. Bradley on the terms of the will, and that a committee of three be appointed to receive and invest the money for the benefit of the College in its charity work.

The commencement exercises were held on March 22nd, 1897, when the following ladies and gentlemen were granted diplo

mas:

Frank Eugene Bard, Finley D. Brown, Riley Austin Brugger, Ola May Buckman, Emily Blakeslee, Frederick Allen Clapsadel, Charles Edgar Clobridge, Lawrence Parker Conley, Edgar Clarence Cowles, Fred James Edmonds, George Taylor Ely, Charles Patterson Geddes, Jonah Carpenter Gilfillan, Edward Grove, Frederick Stuart Haggart, Adda Todd Hedges, Howard Hunter Herman, Edward John Hill, J. Howard Johnson, Hiram Asa Keep, Harry Herbert Kennedy, Edwin Egbert Lamb, Ella May Lance, Frederick Holman Latimer, George Thomas Leeds, Fred Lyman Lewis, Martha Alice McBride, Thomas Alfred Miller, William C. Ellicott Nobles, Elliott Irving Osgood, A. B., Norman Glenn Parker, Frederic Whittlesey Peck, Horace Lyman Prouty, Ward James Renwick, David William Roberts, George James Roberts, M. D., J. Theodor Schlesselman, Henry W. Shaffer, Amy Lib Silveus, Arthur Bushnell Smith, Mabelle G. Spaulding, Clayton Ellsworth Spire, Eu

gene Arthur Stanley, John Charles Steel, Jr., Charles Guy Swan, Charles Henry Wilkinson, George Henry Williamson, Edward Almond Willis, Daniel Miles Wingate, Mara Lois Smith Wingate and Markus Zopfie.

The address to the members of the graduating class was delivered by Rev. Chas, D. Williams, Dean of Trinity Cathedral. Taking for his subject "The Ethical Basis of Rational Medicine." Dr. Ward J. Renwick delivered the valedictory for the class. Dean W. A. Phillips made the address for the faculty, saying in part:

In behalf of the faculty, and personally, I most cordially thank you for the willing and substantial aid you have given your instructors in making this the banner year of the institution. You have won a high place in our esteem and we shall watch your career with all the interest and solicitude necessarily growing out of our pleasant and kindly relations as pupils and teachers. There has been more enthusiasm, more determination to make the most of opportunities, more earnest fellowship, and more genuine satisfaction exhibited the past term than has been enjoyed during any previous year in the experience of those at present connected with the college. No general can succeed without ready and willing soldiers; and no college can succeed without ready and enthusiastic students, who are proud to identify themselves with every movement -with every interest that goes to make for progress and success. Your industry, promptness, improvement, and courtesy, all attest your endorsement of the instruction you have received; and to your professors these have been a marked source of pleasure and encouragement, and what is even more, a bond of friendship. We wish you one and all every success, profesWe sionally, financially, matrimonially. welcome you to the profession.

THE AFTER TREATMENT OF TYPHOID.

By W. Thornton Parker, M. D.. (Munich.) The writings of Lukomeister, Lindwurnz, von Zeimssen and other distinguished pupils of von Gietl of Munich,

the great authority on Typhoid Fever-all agree that whatever the causes of typhus abdominalis may be the treatment varies very little in ordinary cases, more especially in the debilitated condition following the long anxious weeks of fever, the main object being to sustain the enfeebled system. In von Gietl's writings as well as in the works of the above-mentioned teachers of medicine, attention to details is not omitted, the maintenance of the strength and vital resources being the difficult problem to solve and requiring unceasing vigilance in every possible direction. Whatever the history of the attack may have been the patient is indeed in a wasted, weakened condition when convalescence is taking place. He who will pay attention to the minor details and watch carefully that the nurse fails not in this critical period, will avoid the disasters which so commonly follow what has seemed to be certain victory. The nursing of the devoted sisters in the general hospital in Munich where typhoid fever patients used to be numerous, impressed deeply in my mind this need of attention to details.

In German hospitals, whether in medical or surgical wards, whenever any significant rise of temperature occurs the icecap is always used, not the heavy clumsy specimen found in our American drug stores, but the light, pure gum, German ice cap, carefully suspended above the head and just lightly resting on the hair, just enough to cool and not to weigh upon and weary the patient. It makes a great deal of difference how an ice cap is applied, whether it is to do good or ill. After the use of ice caps for days it is well to provide cooling bathing for the head, at least three times daily. The hair must be well trimmed and the bathing of the head should be with cold water. Ice water should not be given internally but cracked ice with a little Colden's Liquid Beef Tonic is not only delicious but just what is most indicated, pre-eminently sustaining.

The bed should be entirely changedfresh mattress, pillows and bedding, and a change every morning, the bed clothing having been exposed to sun and air. The

patient in his weakened condition finds moving about in the bed very fatiguing. It is a great convenience to rig a piece of broomstick attached to two ropes or straps. and these fastened securely to the foot board so that the patient can readily raise himself into a sitting position. It should always be impressed upon nurse and patient that moving about in bed unnecessarily is very undesirable before convalescence is firmly established. Massage should be most gently made use of at first on account of the very delicate condition of the intestinal walls. Hygiene of the patient, the bed, the sickroom and of the abode itself is of urgent importance, and all excretions should be instantly removed and deodorizers and antiseptics faithfully made use of.

The use of pajamas in typhoid cases in convalescence is inconvenient and undesirable. The old-fashioned night gown with a gauze undervest is the most convenient, and a daily change of these is desirable, or at least several changes during the week. This guarding against chilling and a possible complication of pneumonia is very important. A broad flannel band, now and then sprinkled with spirits of turpentine when required, should be worn night and day not only as a support to the injured abdomen but to maintain an equal temperature. Applications of pure olive oil to the abdomen and even to the chest walls, are most comforting and beneficial. The bed spread which ought to have been removed from the room during illness, should not be placed upon the bed when the patient occupies it. It is always unhealthy to sleep under such a covering. The blankets should be light, clean and frequently and thoroughly aired. The hot water bag must not be forgotten for the feet, but more particularly is the precauion needed during the middle portions of the night and the early morning hours.

Whatever the theories may be as to the treatment it must be conceded that nutrition is of vital importance. I know of nothing more suitable in the stages of convalescence than the employment of Colden's Liquid Beef Tonic. Its conven

ience is most commendable.

As convales

cence begins liquid diet gives way to semisolid food-milk toast, dropped eggs, which must be fresh and wholesome; the milk must be sweet and fresh also. Either one of these, if stale, may shipwreck the case, inducing a fatal relapse. The rigid care of the sick-room as to shade and quiet; the use of sunlight at certain inter

vals, and the care as to the night lightand watching all these things make up the sum total of success or of failure.

What methods of the after treatment of typhoid are indicated beyond the attention to minor sanitary details and ordinary nutriment? The providing of suitable strengthening remedies is recognized as of the greatest importance.

Dark

Thuja. The skin looks dirty. brown spots here and there (in tertiary syphilis).

Petroleum. Brown and yellow spots on the skin.

Plumbum metall. Dark brown spots on the skin especially during pregnancy. The skin is dry, withered, with yellow spots.

Dr. Richard Haehl (Homeopathische Monatsbl.), in a study of the symptomatology of arnica montana, considers the following four spheres of action the keynotes to a proper understanding of the drug:

Firstly, it induces severe pains, as if a contusion or bruise had been sustained. Every portion of the body, but especially the muscles, feel as if beaten. Joint pains develop, as if after violent overexertion or sprains.

Secondly, arnica affects the venous system, inducing stasis, ecchymosis and hemorrhage.

Thirdly, diarrhea is induced. Even

small doses will induce frequent dysenteric stools, accompanied with muscular pains. (Compare baptisia.)

Fourthly, arnica produces a train of febrile symptoms closely related to typhoid fever.-Haines in Hah. Monthly.

HINTS.

Liver out of order, constipated, a little food seems to surfeit the appetite, clothes seem too tight; for this general condition Lycopodium 30 will probably prove curative.

Nervous, restless mind crowded with thoughts, hearing acute, cannot go to sleep; for such a condition Coffea cruda is the indicated remedy.

The free use of pure Olive oil, according to Dr. M. O. Terry, will cure a large majority of cases of appendicitis. Probably the daily use of the oil at the table will prevent that modern bug-bear.

For those who have been intemperate and are excessively nervous in consequence, Agaricus is said to be the proper remedy.

Congestion, severe headache is often relieved by Belladonna.

Eczema and other skin diseases have been radically cured with a course of Sulphur 6x.

Circular, red eruptions, that itch intensely at times, call for Mezereum.

A sensation as of wind blowing on the body is a symptom calling for Hepar sulph. Headache from overwork is relieved by Pulsatilla.

Dr. Hinson claims for Rhus tor, curative

properties for eye injuries even of long standing.

Flatulency, with heart burn, finds a good remedy in Carbo reg.

Lycopodium is said to be a fine remedy in gout, where there is turbid urine and sallow skin.

Anal fissure with burning, Ratanhia. Obscuration of vision, letters blur, nervous, must constantly shift position of book when reading, is a condition that has been relieved by Argentum nit.

Arnica 3, internally, tends to prevent, and also to rapidly dissipate, "black and blue" spots.

Great sensitiveness of the soles of the feet has been relieved by Antimonium crud. In addition to external applications in sprains, a few doses of Rhus tor. internally will hasten cure.

For early decay and discoloration of the teeth, Kreosotum.

Alternate diarrhoea and constipation and very white tongue calls for Antimonium crud.

When patient sweats much and the pains are made worse by warmth of bed give Mercurius.

China 15th, a dose a day for a month, will, it was said by the old homeopathists, prevent the formation of gall-stones and the recurring of attacks of gall-stone colic.

For the cough, night sweats and fever of consumption, give one dose a week of Bacillinum 30th. It gives ease to the patient and does not interfere with the other remedies.

When all other heart remedies fail try Cratogus or, in drop doses of the tincture or tincture tablets. It often gives marvelous relief to sufferers from heart diseases. For itching of the anus, Ratanhia,

A correspondent who says that Thuja will not cure fig-warts on the neck wants to know another remedy. Perhaps Nitric acid (pellets) may relieve, but perhaps constitutional treatment by a homeopathic physician would be preferable.

Fat children who are slow in learning to walk may be benefited by Calcarea carb.

Simple giddiness requires Gelsemium.

Vertigo from biliousness, Bryonia. Caused by looking up, Calcarea carb, With nausea, Cocculus Ind. While lying down, Conium. Soreness of the scalp, China.

Cancer apparently caused by a blow may be best treated, internally, by Conium. Sudden jerks of limbs when falling asleep calls for Ignatia.

Bad effects of chewing tobacco, Arsenicum.

Blood poisoning and gangrene, Lachesis. Excessive restlessness, anxiety and fear, Aconite.

Stupid, dull, listless, Gelsemium. Sensation in bed as of sinking, Bryonia. Sensation of beating and throbbing through the body, Antimon. tart. Wandering pains, now here, now there, Pulsatilla.

Stinging pains, like bee stings, Apis, mel. Great puffing, or swelling, under the eyes, Apis, mel.

Constipation, headache, backache, piles, Aesculus hip.

Diarrhoea, with great "bellyache." Ter atrum alb.

Diarrhoea, ordinary, Chininum ars.

Deafness, put four or five drops of Mullein oil in affected ear-provided the cause is not from destruction of ear drum.

Ill from sudden checking of perspiration, Aconite.

Ill from sudden change to cold, damp weather, Dulcamara.

Ills from too great exposure to sun, Glonoinum.

Intense depression from bad news, or from death in the family, Ignatia.

Asthma, Blatta, or., for old and chronic

cases.

Feeling as of fishbone in throat every time one swallows, Hepar, sulph. Cough accompanied by involuntary spurts of urine, Causticum.

Cough going on to vomiting, Ipecac.
Hiccough, Nur comica, or Ipecac.

"Just a cough," 4 or 5 drops of pure Mullein oil on a lump of sugar, dissolve in mouth and slowly swallow.

Cough, rattling from accumulation of mucus, Tarter emetic Syrup.-Homa opathic Envoy.