Shadwell, Arthur. Industrial Efficiency. New York, Longmans, 1906. 2 vols. 346 and 488 p. In this comparison of industrial methods, national characteristics, social conditions and standards of living in England, Germany and the United States frequent references are made to specific industrial and technical schools, and chapters XVI and XVII are devoted, respectively, to Elementary Education and Technical Education. The first of these chapters is devoted to a searching analysis and comparison of the organization, ideals and methods of public elementary education in the three countries. The chapter on Technical Education contains a discriminating account of the institutions for industrial and technical education in Germany and England with the effect of these schools on industry, and a less accurate description of similar provisions in the United States. Technical Education, International Congress on. Proceedings of the fourth meeting of the Congress held in London in June, 1897. Contains fifty-nine addresses with accompanying discussions upon various phases of industrial, technical, agricultural and commercial education in Great Britain, Belgium, France and Germany. Among the most important papers relating directly to industrial education are the following: Theory and Practice in Trade Teaching, Sir Philip Magnus; Training of Technical Teachers, Sidney H. Wells; Some Limitations to Technical Instruction, Sir Joshua Fitch; How Best to Encourage Technical Education among the Workmen, R. W. Baxter; Polytechnics, Quintin Hogg; Reforms in the Organization of Technical Education, Silvanus P. Thompson; Evening Schools, Swire Smith; The True Basis of Technical Education, W. Slingo. A number of these addresses are printed in the Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Education for 1897-98. The Congress has held three meetings previous and one subsequent to the London session, in different cities of France. The reports of these meetings contain much information in regard to the French attitude toward industrial education and the methods of the French schools. The last report is published by Librairie Nony et Cie, Paris. Trade and Technical Education. Seventeenth Annual Re port of the United States Commissioner of Labor, 1902. Washington. 1333 p. The most comprehensive compilation of data relating to trade and technical education in the United States and Europe as yet published. Following a brief historical and analytical survey of the field, the first chapter is devoted to a description of the various institutions and agencies for industrial training in the United States. The development of each school is sketched, its aims, courses of instruction, tuition and form of support are described and the results as shown by the record of graduates are set forth. Neither engineering schools nor the apprenticeship system are examined in this portion of the report. In the second chapter the attitude of employers, graduates and labor unions towards these institutions is analyzed at considerable length and much suggestive matter presented. The remainder of the report consists of an exhaustive study of industrial education in Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy and Switzerland. The schools of each country are classified, the purpose and scope of each group set forth and typical schools are described in much detail. In most cases the attitude of employers, graduates and labor unions is noted, and in a number of countries the status of the apprenticeship system is examined, and the efforts towards regulation and adjustment of the system to modern conditions are pointed out. Trade and Technical Education in the United States. Washington, September, 1904. p. 1369-1417. A synopsis of the Seventeenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Labor prepared for the Exhibit of the Bureau at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. The text is illustrated by a large number of cuts. Wages and Hours of Labor,-1890-1905. U. S. Bureau of Labor, No. 65. Bulletin of the While this report does not deal directly with industrial education, it affords exhaustive data for studying the economic condition of workers in the industries. The data covers those industries in which the wages paid in the United States in one year were $10,000,000 or over as shown by the Census of 1900. The tables give the average wages and hours of labor, 1904 and 1905, by occupations and geographical divisions; the relative wages and hours of labor, 1890 to 1905, by occupations; the relative wages and hours of labor, and 1905, in selected occupations, by cities, and the average wages and hours and 1905, in selected occupations, by cities and the average wages and hours of labor, 1904 and 1905, in selected occupations, by states. The second half of the Bulletin is devoted to a report upon the Retail Prices of Food, 1890 to 1905. Ware, Fabian. dustry. Educational Foundations of Trade and In New York, Appleton, 1901. 293 p. A study of the different ways in which England, Germany, France and America have endeavored to lay educational foundations for trade and industry. Following an analysis of national characteristics and conditions as affecting attitude towards industrial education, there is an argument against premature specialization for those who are to enter industrial pursuits. A general education is recommended supplemented after entrance to trades, by specialized instruction in evening schools. The discussion of the evolution of national systems of education in Germany and France is illuminating. Special reference is made to those features that relate to industrial, commercial, and technical education. A study of American school conditions is also presented with reference to the effect of American ideals and form of school administration upon the industrial education situation in the U. S. Women's Industrial Council. Technical Education for Wo men and Girls at Home and Abroad. London. No date. 64 p. A series of chapters upon "How Girls are Trained" in France, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Belgium, London and in the Manhattan Trade School, N. Y. C. The chapters are brief but give the general features of the institutions in the different countries with some account of the methods employed and practical results obtained. ARTICLES, ADDRESSES AND REPORTS FROM PERIODICALS AND PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. Alderson, V. C. A Plea for Technical Education for the Mechanic. American Machinist, Vol. 25, p. 1173. 1902. An argument for free technical education for United States. Alexander, M. W. An Experiment in Industrial Training. Machinery, Vol. 13, p. 1-5, Sept., 1906. A study of the change in modern industrial methods as affecting the training of beginners and description of the methods pursued in the apprenticeship school at Lynn. Plan to Provide Skilled Workmen. Proceedings American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 28, No. 2, p. 487-502. Nov., 1906. An analysis of the weakness of ordinary apprentice training and a detailed account of the shop school in the General Electric Co.'s works, Lynn, Mass. American Industrial Education: What shall it be? Preliminary Committee Report. Proceedings Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education, 1900. p. 28 A study of the institutions and methods that have appeared in the field of industrial education and their relations to American conditions. Apprentices, School for. Fiftieth Annual Report Board of Education, Chicago, 1904. p. 116-7. An account of the plan by which masons' and bricklayers' apprentices receive three months' instruction each year in academic subjects, drawing, and the principles and practice of building construction. Apprenticeship in the Trades Concerned with the Production of Machinery, Status of. American Machinist. Vol. 19, p. 1183-1203. Dec., 24, 1896. An investigation by the editor concerning the condition of the apprenticeship system in the above trades. Contains letters from one hundred and sixteen prominent machine building establishments and important railway shops stating their practice and views regarding apprenticeship. Tables of statistics are given showing the practice and results of these establishments in a number of particulars. Auchmuty, Richard T. The Need of Trade Schools. The Century Magazine, Vol. 33, p. 83-92, Nov., 1886. A study of the decay of the apprenticeship system and the efforts being made in Europe and America towards industrial education, followed by a description of the work of the New York Trade School. An American Apprentice System. The Century Magazine, Vol. 37, p. 401-5, Jan., 1889. An analysis of the lack of opportunities for American boys to enter the skilled trades, the influence of labor organizations and changes in the organization of modern industry; a statement of the plan of trade training proposed by the National Association of Builders and the possibilities of trade schools in this connection. This article was followed, in The Century during the year 1889, by a series of editorials upon the general subject of Labor. Several of these dealt with the problem of trade training. Balliet, Thos. M. Manual, Trade and Technical Education. Proceedings of the National Educational Association, 1903. p. 65-71. An analysis of the place of manual, trade and technical education in the public school system of the United States. The Organization of Trade Schools: From the Point of View of a School Superintendent. Proceedings National Educational Association, 1903. p. 609-12. A statement of some needed changes in the public school system, to meet the demand for industrial education. Baron de Hirsch Trade School, Reports of. New York, 1894-1906. These reports issued semi-annually since 1894 contain very valuable data in regard to the occupations of graduates. The wages obtained at |