Page images
PDF
EPUB
[graphic][merged small]

E

WATCHING LIFE GROW

By

EDWARD F. BIGELOW

VEN within the egg the life actions of the embryo trout may be seen. It is a marvelous revelation of the circulation of blood that is shown by focusing upon the egg sack. The radiating fins possess a network through which, under a high power objective, the oval corpuscles are seen to rush with great speed. They gather at the lower edge of the egg sack into one great channel or river. Then this current may be readily watched as it passes to the heart, of which the two parts the auricle and the ventricle alternately contract and suggest to the observer the thought of the walking beam. of a steamer. From the heart the current may be traced to the gills each chamber of which stands as a dome-shaped receptacle. Around the top on the inside rush these corpuscles in a series of pulsations

synchronous with the rhythmic beating of the heart. From this heart, the blood purified and in readiness to sustain the animal is carried throughout the entire organism. To aërate the blood there must be a constant supply of oxygenated water and astonishing is the provision that nature has made for this.

The director of a fish hatchery who supplied the eggs shown in the photographs gave instructions to keep a current of water on all sides of the eggs, above as well as below, and he advised that they be suspended on wire netting in a current, and the question naturally arose, How does the egg utilize this oxygenated water? The microscope explains the miracle. Within the egg is a small amount of water that is kept flowing over the gills by the steady action of the pectoral fins. These fins may be seen work

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][graphic][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]
[graphic][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][graphic][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][graphic][merged small][merged small]
[merged small][merged small][graphic][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][graphic][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small]
[graphic]

Revenge

LANDLADY "You believe in mustard plasters, doctor?"

M. D.-"Rather! I always order them for patients who call me out in the middle of the night when there's nothing the matter with

WHERE ELECTRICITY COMPETES

WITH COAL

By

RANDALL R. HOWARD

T is being demonstrated by the Federal Government on the Minidoka Government Reclamation project in Idaho that electricity can compete with coal for heating and cooking purposes.

Of course, conditions are especially favorable, for this project has what is stated to be the largest water pumping plant in the world. A total of ten thousand electrical horsepower is available during the summer months for lifting water for the irrigation of forty-eight thousand acres of land. But this great quantity of electrical energy is not needed during the remaining eight months of the year. Hence it is being sold by the Reclamation Service to the settlers on the project, for light, for heat, and for other domestic uses.

The Government does not purpose to make a profit from the sale of this surplus electricity, and the winter heating rate is extremely low-one dollar per kilowatt month. This amounts to about thirteen-hundredths of one cent per kilowatt hour-while an ordinary rate for electricity from private companies in cities is a maximum charge of fifteen cents and a minimum charge of five cents per kilowatt hour. The winters are rather severe in this part of the West, but the Government rate enables the settler to heat an ordinary room for a total annual cost of between ten and fifteen dollars.

The settlers are encouraged to allow their electric heaters to burn all night, since the loads on the generators at the big power plant will be more equalized. Thus, the householder will have the luxury of a warm room when he arises on a cold winter morning. He also will find hot water for coffee, and his oatmeal

ready cooked. The electrical transmission system has not yet been extended to all parts of the project, but where it is extended, even the most humble shacks and tents may be lighted and heated with electricity. Ordinarily, electrical appliances for heating and cooking are considered extreme luxuries, since the first cost of such household furnishings is usually very high. But on the Minidoka project this condition has been met by developing working models for the manufacture of cheap stoves for heating and cooking.

With the aid of these models a handy man about the farm may make his own electric stove. If he does not have the materials, or is not handy, the village tinsmith can do the job cheaply. True, these stoves betray that they are homemade, but they are efficient and can be made attractive enough even for a fastidious town or country housewife.

When the transmission lines shall have been extended to all parts of the project, this cheap electrical energy will have many other uses than for heating and cooking. cooking. A certain amount of cheap power will be available even during the summer months, and electrical fans will not be a luxury in the farm houses-to say nothing about churns, feed choppers, and wood saws.

This unique electrical power plant that is competing with coal has a most strategic location. A considerable part of the regular water flow from the Snake River had already been appropriated to use when the engineers of the Reclamation Service located the dam site for the large Minidoka project. This water was being taken from the river at a lower point, hence must be allowed to escape the Government dam which raises the

« PreviousContinue »