Of these ships, 56 were engaged in the first bombardment, 58 in the second. Those marked with a star formed the reserves.

(The above is the order of guns from the left salient to Battery Lamb.)

Within the curtain, behind the land face, were two mortars of 5 inches; at the north-east bastion was one mortar of 8 inches; behind the sea-front was one 150-pounder Armstrong.

Another enumeration is by Colonel Towle, U. S. A.:

RIFLED GUNS.

1 8-in. 150-pounder Armstrong

3 7-in. double-banded Brooks

1 8-in. three-grooved

4 53-in. non-banded

6 6-in. single-banded

4 6-in. double-banded Brookes

I 100-pounder Parrott, U. S.

I 5-in. non-banded

1 48-in. three-grooved
I 4-in.

I 30-pounder Parrott, U. S.
13-in. Whitworth

2 3-in. banded Richmonds
I 2-in. muzzle-loading Whit-
worth

28 Total

Net total, 85. (This includes Battery Buchanan and others.)

Forty-six (46) smooth-bores and 21 rifles remained in good condition after January 15; of the former 11, and of the latter 7, were disabled.

APPENDIX III.

AUTHORITIES AND SOURCES.

Copies of Official Reports furnished by the War Department; Report of Committee on Conduct of the War; "Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant;" "Memoirs of General W. T. Sherman;" "Battles and Leaders of the Civil War;" "Naval History of the Civil War;" "The Failure at Fort Fisher;" "Naval Battles off Fisher;" "Terry's Fort Fisher Expedition;" "The Powder Boat Experiment;""New Ironsides' at Fort Fisher;" "Under Fire."

CASUALTIES IN FIRST BRIGADE, SECOND DIVISION, TWENTY-FOURTH ARMY CORPS.

Brigade staff: Bvt. Brig. Gen. N. M. Curtis wounded.

R. DAGGETT,

Colonel Commanding Brigade.

ONE

THE OLD VERMONT BRIGADE.

BY ALDACE F. WALKER.

[Read December 11, 1890.]

NE of the most noticeable defects under which the Northern army labored throughout the war was the lack of permanence in its organization.

Immense armies were demanded and were produced. Their efficient organization clearly required stability. The smallest unit which should have been considered the permanent body, to be solidified and preserved, was the division. Upon the usual basis this would have furnished a body of ten thousand men constantly present for duty, a body not too large for the development of the spirit of sympathy and pride which is so necessary, and easily handled together on the march, in the camp or in action. As the years went on more was heard of this or that division; the reputation of many of our most successful generals was made while holding such a command. We can conceive what would have been the result if a given number of divisions had been organized in 1861, and their ranks kept full to the end. But nothing of the kind was attempted.

There were, however, a few brigades in different portions of the army, the integrity of which was to some extent preserved. One of these was the organization known as the "Old Vermont Brigade." The adjective "old" was at first used to distinguish this particular brigade from a second Vermont brigade of nine-months troops, whose only battle was Gettysburg. At the last the word involved the secondary idea of respect and affection, as when employed by the soldiers in speaking of "Old Grant," " Old Sherman" or "Old Sedgwick."