1. As to rank, 2. Subordinate. 2. As to form, 3. As to use, 1. As to rank, 2. As to form, 3. As to class, 4. Attendant. 1. Co-ordinate, 2. Subordinate, V. Synthesis. VI. Analysis, . . 2. As to use, 3. Compound. 2. Interrogative. 3. If complex, point out the principal and subordi nate clauses. 4. Name the complex subject. 1. Simple. 1. As to form, 2. Complex. 3. Compound. 1. Adjective. 2. As to office, 2. Objective. 3. Adverbial. 1. First class. 3. As to class, 2 Sec'd class. 3. Third class. (vi) 7. Name the complex predicate. 8. Name the simple predicate. 9. If necessary, name copula and attribute. 10. Point out the modifiers of the simple predicate and describe them. 11. Name and describe the attendant elements and the pure connectives. DIAGRAMS AND EXPLANATIONS. A diagram is a picture showing the offices and relations of the different parts of a sentence. The five elements of a sentence are shown thus: EXPLANATION.-The principal elements, the subject and predicate, are placed on a heavy line to show their importance in the sentence. They are placed on the same horizontal line to show that they are equal in rank. The adjective, objective, and adverbial elements are placed on light lines to show that they are modifiers of the principal elements, and below, to show that they are subordinate. EXPLANATION. These three sentences are given to show the three kinds of predicates. The first tells what the subject does; the second tells what quality it possesses; the third tells what it is. In the first sentence, the predicate may be modified by an objective or adverbial element, or both. In the second sentence, “is” and “mighty” may each be modified by an adverbial element. In the third sentence, the verb, or copula, may be modified by an adverbial element, and the noun, or attribute, may be modified by an adjective element. EXPLANATION. These three sentences are given to show the three kinds of copulas; “is” is a pure copula; "feel" is an impure copula, and " 'appears to be" is a complex copula. "Sweet," "happy," and "deep" are predicate adjectives. (vii) 7. John, the beloved disciple, reclined on the Master's breast. EXPLANATION.-In sentence 8 is shown the direct and the indirect object; "liberty" is the direct and "me" the indirect object. In sentence 9 is shown the double object, or the primary and the attributive object; "Webster" is the primary object, and "chairman" the attributive object. When the sentence is changed to the passive form, "Webster" becomes the subject, and "chairman" nominative in the predicate with the passive verb "was appointed." 10. The patriot, whom the corrupt tremble to see arise, may well feel a grateful satisfaction in the mighty power which heaven has delegated to him, when he thinks that he has used it for those purposes only which heaven approves. NOTE.-In sentence 10, "that" is a subordinate conjunction, and introduces the objective clause. See Harvey's Grammar, page 186. (Revised Edition.) EXPLANATION.-A line for a word modifier is turned to the left or the right, according as the word precedes or follows that which it modifies. Turn the line for a phrase modifier always to the right. The line connecting a clause may be turned either to the right or the left. The figures over or under the words refer to the rules for parsing the words according to Harvey's Grammar. It requires two rules to parse any pronoun, and a relative requires three. A dotted or broken line always denotes apposition. I suggest to teachers and examiners that this system of diagramming and marking the rules is an excellent abbreviated form of analysis and parsing. The rules of any grammar may be used. SENTENCES FROM HARVEY'S GRAMMAR, page 42. (Old edition, page 36.) 1. The rebellion being ended, the army 66 NOTE. In the sentences not diagrammed, "quiet," "secluded," sad," "lonely," green," "bright," "joyful," and " rare are predicate adjectives. "To make a long story short" is a complex attendant element. "Broke up" is a compound verb; "up" may be parsed as an adverb. 21. For nine long years, session after session, we have been lashed round and round this miserable circle of occasional arguments and miserable expedients.—Burke. |