NINETEENTH CENTURY RECORD OF ASSASSINATION. Nineteen rulers fell by the hands of assassins during the nineteenth century just closed. The list includes ten Presidents of republics, two Emperors, one King, two Princes, two Sultans, one Shah and one Empress, as follows: Emperor Paul I. of Russia, strangled March 23, 1801. Sultan Selim III., strangled May, 1808 Count Kapodistrias, Presidentof Greece, stabbed to death October 9, 1831. Duke Charles of Parma, assassinated June, 1854. Danilo I., Prince of Montenegro, by a vendetta in 1860. Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, shot April 14, 1865. Prince Michael Obrenovic of Servia. assassinated in 1868. Salnave. President of Haiti, shot in 1870. Dr. Garcia Moreno, President of Ecuador, murdered in 1875. Sultan Abdul-Aziz, secretly killed in prison June 4, 1876. James A. Garfield, President of the United States, died September 18, 1881, from a fatal pistol shot received July 2. Emperor Alexander II. of Russia, by bombs thrown into his sleigh March 13, 1881. President Merendez, of San Salvador, murdered July 7, 1870. President Carnot, of France, shot July 24, 1894. General Borda, President of Uruguay, killed August 26, 1897. Empress Elizabeth of Austria, stabbed to death at Geneva, Switzerland, September 10, 1898. Jose Barrios, President of Guatemala, shot February 8. 1898. Shah Nasr-ed-din of Persia, killed May 1, 1896. President Ulysses Heureaux, of Santo Domingo, assassinated July 26, 1899. Humbert, King of Italy, shot at Monza, Italy, July 29, 1900. ATTEMPT TO KILL THE SHAH OF PERSIA. In Paris, France, August 2, 1900, an Shah bent slightly to the left, putting attempt was made to assassinate Muzaffer- out his right hand at the same time to ed-din. the Shah of Persia, by an anar- ward off the assailant. The grand vizier. chist. The Shah was riding in the morning in a landau with his grand vizier, Amin Sultan, Dr. Adcock, his physician, and General Parent. Bicycle policemen and detectives in plain clothes, riding on wheels, preceded and surrounded the carriage, which had proceeded about twenty yards toward the Avenue du Bois de Boulogne when a young man, having the dress and appear ance of a workman, pushed the police aside and sprang upon the footboard of the carriage. a man of great strength, promptly seized the would be assassin's wrist and gripped it so hard that the man dropped the weapon, which fell on the carpet at the bottom of the carriage. At the same instant a detective inspector seized the man around the waist and threw him to the ground. The would-be assassin was dragged off to a police station, but refused to give his name. The Shah went on with his drive, and said, "I would like to have a photograph of that man. Before going out for the drive on that He held a revolver and pointed it at day the Shah received a warning letter, the Shah, almost touching his breast dated Naples, which said: "To-day you with the muzzle. For some reason or shall meet the same fate as Humbert." other he hesitated a moment before The prisoner was 26 years of age and was pressing the trigger. Instinctively the supposed to be an Italian. GREAT TELESCOPES. In the following list of 28 great telescopes in use throughout the world nine, or nearly one-third, are in the United States: [30 Days. First Quarter 20 8 Apogee 17 11 54 A.M. of of PHENOMENA, ETC. MWK. Rises. South. Sets. Rises. South A.M. P.M. h. m. h. m. 1 Sun 5 35 12 6 266 37 8 10 2 4 2 Mo. 5 36 12 6 76 35 8 50 2 58 3 Tu 5 37 12 5 476 34 4 W. 5 38 12 5 286 32 9 35 3 54 10 26 5 Th. 5 39 12 5 86 31 11 22 6 Fr. 5 40 12 4 486 29 7 Sa. 5 41 12 4 286 28 12 22 86 26 9 Mo. 5 43 12 3 476 24 2 27 9 28 10, Tu. 5 43 12 3 276 23 11 W. 12 Th. 5 44 12 3 66 21 5 45 12 2 456 20 13 Fr. 5 46 12 2 246 18 14 Sa. 5 47 12 2 36 16 3 3010 17 15 Sun 5 48 12 16 Mo. 5 49 12 1 216 13 17 Tu. 5 50 12 1 612 18 W. 5 51 12 0 396 10 19 Th. 5 52 12 0 186 8 20 Fr. 5 53 11 59 576 7 10 52 21 Sa. 5 54 11 59 356 5 11 47 22 Sun 5 54 11 23 Mo. 5 55 11 58 536 2 24 Tu. 25 W. 26 Th. 27 Fr. 28 Sa. 29 Sun 6 5 56 11 58 335 59 5 57 11 58 125 59 2 5410 5 5 58 11 57 515 57 6 4 110 57 Rises. 11 51 6 5 8 12 44 8 38 3 30 9 35 10 4 2 S. 6 37 P.M. 9 18 4 16 10 16 10 51 b S. 70 P.M. 211 407 U. Majoris N. 12 5 55. 10 3 5 411 Polaris S. 1 35 25 A.M. 5 53 11 54 6 43 12 30 12 48 Aldebaran rises 9 40. 12 46 8 23 7 33 1 24 1 50 16th Sun. after Trinity. 2 16 2 46 O enters Aut'n beg. 3 10 3 37 a Androm. S. 12 0 12. 4 2 4 28 1 48 9 14 0. 4 54 5 18 Algenib S. 11 53 15 P.M. 2 sets 10 41. 57 315 55| 011 57 115 54 7 14 7 35 17th Sun. after Trinity. 111 56 515 52 7 57 8 24 b sets 10 59 P.M. 30 Mo. 6 211 56 315 50 In the above tables, A M times are in light and P.M times in heavy type. The times of high tides given are for Fell's Point, Baltimore harbor. To find the times of high tides at other points, see the table of Chesapeake Tides" on page 4. The time of low tide is nearly midway between that of the preceding and following high tides. or about 6 hours after a high tide. This difference will vary, but on the average will be about 6 hours. The times of highest water are about September 2d P.M., of 1.4 ft.: September 16th P. M., of 13 ft., and September 30th P. M., of 1.5 ft The lowest water will occur about sSeptember 2d P. M., September 14th P.M., September 29th A.M. and September 30th P.M. 4 51 10 5011 22 6 54 7 35 20. DIVISIONS OF TIME AND THE CALENDAR. There are three principal kinds of time being 365 days 6 hours 9 minutes and 9 -sidereal or star time, the day of which seconds. A third kind of year is the is the same length as the time required Anomalistic year, which is the time for the revolution of the earth upon its required for the return of the earth to axis. This is the time used by astrono- perihelion As the line joining the perimers in their observations, but, because helion (nearest point to the sun) and the revolution of the earth around the aphelion (the farthest point from the sun the reference point in measuring sun), or the line of apsides moves always sidereal time does not cross the meridian slowly towards the east, this year is a at the same hour of daylight throughout little longer than the Sidereal, its length the year, but, on the contrary, occurs being 365 days 6 honrs 13 minutes and about two hours earlier each succeeding 48 seconds. month. For this reason sidereal time is not A fourth kind of year is the Lunar year, suitable for the purposes of every-day or year of twelve lunar months. This is life and recourse is had to the day deter- the year of the Mohammedans and Jews. mined by successive pass ges of the sun The length of this year is 354 days 8 hours across the meridian. This is what is and 48 minutes. The Jews, however, known as true solar time. Unfortunately add an extra month every third year to for this purpose, the fact that the sun's make their year correspond more closely apparent path in the heavens is along the with the seasons than it would do otherecliptic instead of the equator, and the wise. inequality in the motion of the earth in Since ancient times attempts have freits orbit, causes a variation in the times quently been made to reform the calenof successive passages of the sun across dar and fit the month to the year in some the meridian, so that for exact timekeep- convenient way. In the year 45 B. C. ing it has been found necessary to take Julius Cæsar reformed the calendar by the average time between passages of the introducing an extra day every four sun across the meridian as the length of our day and the measure of our time. This average time is known as mean solar time or civil time and is the time used for all or dinary purposes and kept by our clocks. The assumed time of passage of this fictitious or mean sun across the meridian is known as mean noon and is the beginning of the Astronomical day, whereas the civil day begins at mean midnight, twelve hours earlier. The Astronomical day is counted from 0 h. to 24 h., whereas the Civil day is divided into two equal parts, of twelve hours each, the first part being designated by A. M. and the latter part by P. M. years. In 1582 Pope Gregory ordered that the calendar be further corrected by setting back all dates by 10 days and that century years be not made leap years, unless divisible by 400. It has been proposed to further correct the calendar by making the year 4000 and all its multiples leap years. The Tropical or Solar year is 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes 45-51 seconds; the Julian year 365 days 6 hours, while the Gregorian year is 365 days 5 hours 49 minutes and 12 seconds long. The reform instituted by Gregory has not been introduced by Russia and Greece. It has been the expectation that the reform would be inaugurated in 1901, but it appears probable now that it may not be made for some years to come. A Calendar month varies from 28 to 31 days. A Mean Lunar month is 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes and 2.7 seconds. The Other calendar reforms that have been Sidereal year is the time it takes for the urged are that the Astronomical and sun to return to the same apparent place Civil day be made to coincide by beginin the heavens and represents the earth's ning the Astronomical day at midnight. true orbital revolution around the sun, as in the case with the Civil day, and that but it is not used as the year of chro- the latter be counted from 0 h. to 24 h., nology and the calendar, because the as is the case with the Astronomical day. seasons depend upon the sun's place in The change in the beginning of the relation to the equinoxes, or the earth's Astronomical day was recommended by equator. Consequently, the year used is the International Astronomical Conferthe time it takes the sun to return to the ence held in Washington in 1882, and it vernal equinox, or the point where the was proposed to have the change made sun crosses the Equator in the spring. in 1901, but there is much difference of This is called the Tropical year and is opinion as to the advisability of the 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes and 46 seconds change, and there is no likelihood of its of mean solar time; the Sidereal year being made at present. IMMIGRATION BUREAU, MARYLAND. Pres.-Chas. N. Hargett, Frederick. Supt.-H. W. Talbott, Montgomery. J. W. Kerr, Caroline County. Appropriation for support $5,000 a year. Salaries-Superintendent, $2,000; secretary, $1,200. Terms-Two years. Appointments by the Governor. 178 gr. Hel. Lat. south. 5 (Oct 17, Alg.min. 10 33). 57 Arcturus rises 5 17 A.M. 12 25 20th Sun. after Trinity. 7 3 12 48 1 20 Polaris S. 11 29 36 P.M. 1 46 2 12 3 Arietis S. 12 55 43. 2 37 3 7 8 sets 6 0 P M. 3 32 3 59 stationary. 4 24 4 4896. 12 22 7 52 3 38 10 28 Rises. 11 24 51 23 W. 6 26 11 50 525 16 1 24 8 42 2 30 9 34 50 375 13 26 Sa. 6 28 11 50 305 12 27 Sun 6 29 11 50 245 11 5 18 28 Mo. 6 31 11 29 Tu. 50 195 10 6 6 32 11 2 1 25 93 26 812 23 Q-2°21' 5 14 5 38 eclip.; inv. at Balto. 6 0 6 25 21st Sun. after Trinity. 6 48 7 14 y Andro'da S. 9 42 35. 7 39 8 3 a Arietis S. 11 36 39. 8 24 8 52 2 sets 8 52 P.M.) 9 18 9 42 h sets 9 4 P.M. In the above table A. M. times are in light and P. M. times in heavy type. The times of high tides given are for Fell's Point, Baltimore harbor. To find the times of high tide at other points. see the table of "Chesapeake Tides," on page 4. The time of low tide is nearly midway between that of the preceding and following high tides, or about 6 hours after a high tide. The times of highest water are about October 13th P. M., of 1.4 ft.; October 27th A.M., of 1.2 ft., and October 28th P.M., of 1 5 ft. The lowest wat r will occur about October 12th A.M., October 13th P. M., October 28th P.M. and October 29th A. M. MOSQUITO REMEDIES. The best way to get rid of the nuisance the mosquitoes which breed in the stagof mosquitoes is to abolish their breeding nant contents of the sinks have free places by draining the pools, puddles, egress into the open air back of the sinks and ponds in one's neighborhood. houses."' By pouring a cup of oil into When this is impracticable, the resource one of these wells or sinks partial relief remains of treating the pools, puddles, may be obtained, and concerted action sinks, etc, with kerosene. A pamphlet. would bring full relief. by L. O. Howard, Ph. D., published by the Department of Agriculture, entitled Notes on the Mosquitoes of the United States," lays it down very positively that kerosene or crude petroleum is a Sovereign remedy for these pests. The use of kerosene rests on the fact that the larvæ must every few minutes come to the surface of the water in which they swim to get a breath of air. If they find oil on the surface they get that into their breathingapparatus and it is immediately fatal to them. About one ounce of kero sene suffices for 15 square feet of surface, and an application suffices for one To destroy mosquitoes in houses Dr. Howard prescribes the burning of pyrethrum powder or the use of kerosene cups. The powder should be moistened and moulded into small cones, about the size of chocolate drops, dried in an oven. Then if ignited at the apex, the cones smoulder slowly, giving off an odor not unlike that of the prepared punk which boys use in setting off firecrackers. Two or three of these cones burned in a room in the evening will give relief by stupefying the mosquitoes. The smoke is not harmful at all to human beings. A small quantity of kerosene put into a tin box lid fastened to the end of a stick may be The heavy grade of oil known as lubri- pushed up to the ceiling under resting cating oil is found to be more persistent mosquitoes and they will fall into the than the ordinary illuminating oils. Oil oil and be destroyed. It is the custom when placed on the water spreads itself in certain houses in New Jersey to sysevenly and will make the area it covers tematically hunt for mosquitoes in the uninhabitable to mosquitoes. bedrooms with a cup on a long stick before retiring. month. The places in which the oll is most needed are not so much the few ponds and swamps outside cities and towns as the thousands of wells which, in absence of sewers, are found in the back yards of city residences. It is from these that the swarms of mosquitoes emerge that make life a burden to the citizen during the summer and fall. In many houses in Baltimore," says Mr. Howard, the sewage drains first into wells or sinks in the back yard, and thence, in some cases, into sewers. These wells are open, and Camphor rubbed on the face and hands or a few drops upon the pillow at night will keep mosquitoes away for a time. This is also a well-known property of oil of pennyroyal. For mosquito bites glycerine is a sovereign cure: indigo rubbed on the bite will also remove the sting. Indigo, it is also said, will give relief from the stings of the yellow-jacket. Household ammonia has been found by many persons to give relief from mosquito bites. PARIS EXPOSITION, 1900. The World's Fair which opened in On July 4 an equestrian statue in Paris, France, April 14, 1900, and closed Paris to Lafayette, presented by the November 12, was a record-breaker in point of attendance. When the gates of the Exposition of 1900 closed 50.859.935 persons had passed through. In point of numbers the Germans headed the list, with the Belgians second and the British far behind. The largest attendance on any single day was 600 000 visitors. Of the 65,000,000 tickets sold 47,078,803 were used. France expended two or three hundred millions of francs to erect the Exposition. She recovered them easily in the increase of the treasury receipts and on the many permanent improvements that remain. The awards to exhibitors of the United Staves numbered 2,476, divided as follows: Grand prizes, 240, gold medals, 597; silver medals, 776; bronze meda s. 511, and honorable mentions, 322. Total 2,476. This was the largest total number of awards madeto any exhibiting country as well as the largest in each grade. schoot children of the United States, was formally transferred to the Government of France. At the same time, the first coin of the Lafayette silver dollar struck by the United States Mint was presented to the President of the French Republic. Fifty thousand of the Lafavette doliars were coined. On one side are medallion heads of Washington and Lafayette; on the other the statue of Lafayette. The leading expositions, with their total paid and free attendance and their total receipts from admissions, concessions and otherwise, are as follows: |