YALE IN ITS RELATION TO LAW. DELIVERED IN THE BATTELL CHAPEL, YALE UNIVERSITY, We meet to read the tale of two centuries of Yale life, to rejoice over Yale achievements, to refresh our sense of Yale character and to strengthen our love and inspire our zeal for Yale and for all that Yale stands for to-day. If to enjoy the pleasures of reminiscence and imagination were our only purpose, this gathering of the sons of Yale would find justification enough. The dragging chains which hold our spirits down, in the busy life of to-day, must yield, as we live again in memory our own lives as Yale men and in imagination see the men and deeds making up the history of Yale during these two centuries. "Hoc est vivere bis, vita posse priore frui." This is to live twice, to be able to enjoy the life that is past. But there is a further purpose. We look back with pride, that we may go on with hope and zeal. Guidance and inspiration for the future of Yale, as ever in her history, come from the study of her past. As we pause to think what Yale has been and has done, of those who have labored for her and of those whose lives have given to the world the fruits of Yale training and Yale character, can we do less, and need we do more, than to resolve and pledge ourselves to the resolution that the Yale of to-morrow shall fit the Yale of yesterday? Within these purposes, the proud duty is assigned to me to speak of "Yale in its relation to Law”—a grand theme, but one rich to embarrassment. The purpose of the law is to establish and secure peace, order, liberty and justice among men and among states and nations. Many and mighty have been the efforts and achievements toward this end during the last two hundred years in this country, and it requires but little reflection to realize that in them Yale has borne a large and honorable share. But should we try to show, with any approach to completeness, what Yale as an institution and through her sons has done in this wide field during these two centuries of varied and ever changing activities, we should find the hour gone and the tale just begun. The flying hour permits only the mention of a few names and a few achievements, by way of suggestion and illustration. And this is well. For the power of this celebration lies not in what is said by the few, but in what is thought and felt by the many. We claim for Yale a share in all the honorable achievements of her sons and not solely because habits of thought and action are formed and character is determined in the years of college life. The influence of Yale does not cease at graduation. Yale associates are a continuing force in the lives of most of the graduates, often becoming stronger as the years go by. It must be admitted that sometimes the claim we make seems, at first thought, to rest on a basis a little shadowy; but usually investigation will justify it. Illustration of this fact will be found in the lives of those whom the limited time permits me to mention. Turn your thoughts, if you will, to the early days. Consider the necessity and the difficulty of building up the law in the new communities, existing under peculiar and varied conditions, in the several colonies. The story of this work cannot be easily told, but it was important, and in it Yale, through her sons, bore an important part. The first Yale graduate who devoted himself to the Law was William Smith, of the class of 1719. He was the first graduate coming from New York. He quickly became a leader of the bar in New York City. When Governor Cosby sued Rip Van Dam for salary paid to him as acting governor during the interim between the death of Montgomerie and Cosby's arrival and appointed the judges of the Supreme Court a court of equity to try the case, Smith and his associate, Alexander, boldly denied the authority of the Governor. The case was not decided. But Chief Justice Morris was removed from office because he declared his opinion in favor of this contention. A petition brought before the Assembly the question of the power of the governor to erect a court of equity and William Smith was then publicly heard upon the subject. "It may well be doubted," it is said, "whether the American doctrine of home rule, which found its ultimate expression in the declaration of 1776, ever had fuller or clearer uterance than it did in the New York Assembly in 1734." When, a little later, Zenger, the editor of a paper, started in 1733, doubtless by the influence of Smith, Morris and Alexander, as an organ of those opposed to the pretensions of the Governor, was prosecuted for libel, Smith and Alexander came forward to defend him. Because they attacked the validity of the Court they were expelled from the bar, and Zenger was defended by Andrew Hamilton of Philadelphia, who received from them the suggestions upon which he built his famous argument for the liberty of the press. Thus early did Yale stand forward for the rights of the colonies and for liberty. "Zenger's trial in 1735," says Gouverneur Morris, "was the germ of American Freedom." Later, Smith was appointed Attorney General and Advocate General of the Province by Governor Clinton, and at his death he was a judge of the Supreme Court. When he was admitted to practice, and some years afterwards, he was the only non-clerical graduate of any college in the city, and his success is attributed to his advantages as a graduate of Yale. Doubtless, the course of instruction during his college days, in that early time, was quite limited and so was the learning he thus acquired. But in the fall of 1718, a year before his graduation, the first college building at New Haven was occupied; the controversy as to the permanent location of the institution was practically ended; the generous gift of Governor Yale had been received, and the name of Yale College was adopted. We are told that the commencement was "glorious and jubilant beyond precedent." This has a familiar sound. The spirit of Yale was there "glorious and jubilant." And William Smith felt its influence, as so many have done since, during the remaining year of his student days, and the several years when he served as tutor. With its influence upon him he took up the practice of the law in New York City. Was not this the advantage which gave him success? In the class of 1721 was Thomas Fitch, who aided conspicuously in the building up of the law in the Colony of Connecticut, as Codifier of the Laws, as Chief Justice, Deputy Governor and Governor, and who was said by the first President Dwight to be "probably the most learned lawyer who had ever been an inhabitant of the Colony." To him President Clap submitted for revision the new charter of the College, the charter of 1745. The class of 1724 supplied a Chief Justice to Rhode Island, Joshua Babcock, and the class of 1728 gave to New Jersey its first college bred lawyer, David Ogden, described as "perhaps the first thoroughly educated lawyer in the province," who for many years was a leader of the bar, and became judge of the Superior Court and later of the Supreme Court. In the class of 1740 was Eliphalet Dyer, Judge of the Superior Court of Connecticut, and for four years its Chief Justice. The class of 1741 contained William Livingston, successful at the bar in New York, who removed to New Jersey and was Governor of that state from 1776 to 1790, and delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1787. In the class of 1744 was William Samuel Johnson, for many years a leading lawyer of Connecticut, for some time Judge of the Superior Court of that Colony, a prominent delegate to the Constitutional Convention, and first United States Senator from Connecticut; also, president of the Columbia College. In 1745 was graduated William Smith, son of William Smith of 1719, a partner with Livingston in the practice of law, who with him revised the laws of New York. In his latter years he was Chief Justice of Canada and was called "the father of the reformed judiciary of that Province." It may be noticed in passing, that while William Smith, the father, was one of the first trustees of Princeton, the son was an advisor of Wheelock as to the charter of Dartmouth. Richard Morris, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New York, was a graduate of the class of 1748. In the class of 1750 was Thomas Jones, Judge of the New York Supreme Court; and in the class of 1751 was Chief Justice Richard Law of Connecticut. These names must suffice to suggest the influence of Yale in the law through its graduates of the first fifty years of its life. Even in those days when the law presented little attraction compared with the latter times, Yale sent out men "fitted for public employment in the Civil State" as well as in the Church, who contributed largely to the work of establishing peace, order, liberty and justice in the colonies. In the year 1763, there is a scene which is within our theme and is in many ways too interesting to pass by. It is that of the contest before the Connecticut Assembly as to the right of that body to interfere in the management of the college-similar to the contest which gave rise to the famous Dartmouth College case, although, of course, not involving the constitutional question decided in the United States Supreme Court. This contest was a Yale contest in more respects than one. The presiding officers of the two houses of the Assembly, and one-half of the members of the Upper House and one-sixth of those of the Lower were Yale graduates. The counsel were Jared Ingersoll of the class of 1742, and William Samuel Johnson of the class of 1744, on the one side, and the president |