carrying out the purposes of this title during the preceding twoyear period. The President shall prepare and transmit to the Congress within a reasonable time after the receipt of such report the written comments and recommendations of the appropriate agencies of the United States with respect to the contents of such report and their recommendations with respect to any legislation which may be required concerning the Institute. After receipt of such report by the Congress, the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Labor and Human Resources of the Senate shall hold hearings to review the findings and recommendations of such report and the written comments received from the President.

1. National Academy of Peace and Conflict Resolution

Title XV, part B of Public Law 95-561 [Education Amendments of 1978, H.R. 15], 92 Stat. 2143 at 2376, approved November 1, 1978

TITLE XV-MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

*

PART B-NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PEACE AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION 1

ESTABLISHMENT

SEC. 1511. There is established a commission to be known as the Commission on Proposals for the National Academy of Peace and Conflict Resolution.

DUTIES OF COMMISSION

SEC. 1512. (a) The Commission shall undertake a study to consider

(1) whether to establish a National Academy of Peace and Conflict Resolution;

(2) the size, cost, and location of an Academy;

(3) the effects which the establishment of an Academy would have on existing institutions of higher education;

(4) the relationship which would exist between an Academy and the Federal Government;

(5) the feasibility of making grants and providing other forms of assistance to existing institutions of higher education in lieu of, or in addition to, establishing an Academy; and

(6) alternative proposals, which may or may not include the establishment of an Academy, which would assist the Federal Government in accomplishing the goal of promoting peace. (b) In conducting the study required by subsection (a), the Commission shall

(1) review the theory and techniques of peaceful resolution of conflict between nations; and

(2) study existing institutions which assist in resolving conflict in the areas of international relations.

MEMBERSHIP

SEC. 1513. (a) The Commission shall be composed of nine members as follows

(1) three appointed by the President pro tempore of the Senate;

120 U.S.C. 1172 note.

(2) three appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives; and

(3) three appointed by the President.

(b) Members shall be appointed for the life of the Commission. (c) A vacancy in the Commission shall be filled in the manner in which the original appointment was made.

(d)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), members of the Commission each shall be entitled to receive the daily equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay in effect for grade GS-18 of the General Schedule (5 U.S.C. 5332) for each day during which they are engaged in the actual performance of the duties of the Commission. (2) Members of the Commission who are full-time officers or employees of the United States or Members of the Congress shall receive no additional pay on account of their service on the Commission.

(3) While away from their homes or regular places of business in the performance of services for the Commission, members of the Commission shall be allowed travel expenses, including a per diem in lieu of subsistence, in the same manner as persons employed intermittently in the Government service are allowed expenses under section 5703(b) of title 5, United States Code.

(e) The Commission shall elect a Chairman and a Vice Chairman from among its members.

(f) Five members of the Commission shall constitute a quorum. (g) The Commission shall meet at the call of the Chairman or a majority of its members.

DIRECTORS AND STAFF OF COMMISSION; EXPERTS AND CONSULTANTS

SEC. 1514. (a) Subject to such rules as may be adopted by the Commission, the Chairman, without regard to the provisions of title 5, United States Code, governing appointments in the competitive service and without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title relating to classifications and General Schedule pay rates, shall have the power to

(1) appoint a Director who shall be paid at a rate not to exceed the rate of basic pay in effect for level V of the Executive Schedule (5 U.S.C. 5316);

(2) appoint and fix the compensation of such staff personnel as he considers necessary; and

(3) procure temporary and intermittent services to the same extent as is authorized by section 3109(b) of title 5, United States Code.

(b) Upon request of the Commission, the head of any Federal agency is authorized to detail, on a reimbursable basis, any of the personnel of such agency to the Commission to assist it in carrying out its duties under this title.

POWERS OF COMMISSION

SEC. 1515. (a) The Commission may, for the purpose of carrying out this title, hold such hearings, sit and act at such times and places, take such testimony, and receive such evidence as the Commission considers advisable. The Commission may administer oaths and affirmations to witnesses appearing before the Commission.

(b) When so authorized by the Commission, any member or agent of the Commission may take any action which the Commission is authorized to take by this section.

(c) The Commission may secure directly from any Federal agency information necessary to enable it to carry out this title. Upon request of the Chairman, the head of any such Federal agency shall furnish such information to the Commission.

REPORTS

SEC. 1516. The Commission shall transmit to the President and to each House of the Congress such interim reports as it considers appropriate and shall transmit a final report to the President and to each House of the Congress not later than one year after the date on which appropriations first become available to carry out this title. The final report shall contain a detailed statement of the findings and conclusions of the Commission, together with its recommendations for such legislation as it considers appropriate.

TERMINATION

SEC. 1517. The Commission shall cease to exist sixty days after transmitting its final report under section 1516.

AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATION

SEC. 1518. There is authorized to be appropriated not to exceed $500,000 to carry out this title.

DEFINITIONS

SEC. 1519. For purposes of this title—

(1) the term "Academy" means the National Academy of Peace and Conflict Resolution;

(2) the term "Chairman" means the Chairman of the Commission selected under section 1513(e);

(3) the term "Commission" means the Commission on Proposals for the National Academy of Peace and Conflict Resolution; and

(4) the term "Federal agency" means any agency, department, or independent establishment in the executive branch of the Federal Government, including any Government corporation.

1

3. Diplomatic Security and Anti-Terrorism 1

a. International Terrorism and Torture

Title 18, United States Code-chapter 113A as added by Public Law 99-399 [Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Antiterrorism Act of 1986; H.R. 4151], 100 Stat. 853, approved August 27, 1986; and amended by Public Law 100-690 [Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988; H.R. 5210], 102 Stat. 4181, approved November 18, 1988; Public Law 101-519 2 [Military Construction Appropriations Act, 1991; H.R. 5313], 104 Stat. 2240 at 2250, approved November 5, 1990; Public Law 102-27 [Dire Emergency Supplemental Appropriations For Consequences of Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm, Food Stamps, Unemployment Compensation Administration, Veterans Compensation and Pensions, and Other Urgent Needs Act of 1991; H.R. 1281], 105 Stat. 130, approved April 10, 1991; and by Public Law 102-572 [Federal Courts Administration Act of 1992, S. 1569], 106 Stat. 4506, approved October 29, 1992; chapter 113B as added by Public Law 103-236 [Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995; H.R. 2333], 108 Stat. 382, approved April 30, 1994

§ 2331.2 Definitions

CHAPTER 113A-TERRORISM

As used in this chapter

(1) the term "international terrorism" means activities that

(A) involve violent acts or acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any State, or that would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the United States or of any State;

(B) appear to be intended

(i) to intimidate or coerce a civilian population;

(ii) to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or

1 See also PLO Commitments Compliance Act of 1989, title VIII of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991 (Public Law 101-246; 104 Stat. 76), page 276.

2 Sec. 132 of Public Law 101-519 (104 Stat. 225) amended section 2331 of chapter 113A, title 18, U.S.C., redesignated it as section 2332, and added new secs. 2331, 2333 through 2338. Sec. 132(d) of that Act further provided that "This section and the amendments made by this section shall apply to any pending case and any cause of action arising on or after 3 years before the date of enactment of this section.".

However, sec. 402 of Public Law 102-27 (105 Stat. 155), as amended by sec. 126 of Public Law 102-136 (105 Stat. 643), repealed the amendments of Public Law 101-519, restoring sec. 2332 as sec. 2331. Sec. 402 of Public Law 102-27, as amended, provided as follows:

"SEC. 402. MILITARY CONSTRUCTION.

"(a) In Public Law 101-519, the Military Construction Appropriations Act, 1991, sections 131 and 132 are hereby repealed effective November 5, 1990.

"(b) Effective November 5, 1990, chapter 113A of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as if section 132 of Public Law 101-519 [104 Stat. 2250] had not been enacted.".

Subsequently, sec. 1003(a) of the Federal Courts Administration Act of 1992 (Public Law 102572; 106 Stat. 4521) redesignated sec. 2331 as 2332, and inserted new secs. 2331, 2333-2338, with such amendments applicable "to any pending case or any cause of action arising on or after 4 years before the date of enactment of this Act", pursuant to sec. 1003(c) of Public Law 102-572 (106 Stat. 4524; 18 U.S.C. 2331 note).